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  • 28 June 2017 Volume 26 Issue 3
      
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  • Investigation on the Extremity Dose to Interventional Staff by Using Interventional Devices with Single and Double X-ray Tubes
    HUANG Zhuo, FAN Yao-hua, LI Wen-yan, OU Xiang-ming, YUE Bao-rong, XU Hui
    2017, 26(3): 257-260.
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    Objective To establish the method for extremity dose measuring for interventional staff, and compare the extremity dose to interventional staff on traditional interventional devices with single X-ray tube to that on the new devices with double tubes, and thus support the monitoring of the doses and the improvement of the radiological protection.Methods Thethermoluminescence dosimeters (TLD) were calibrated with personal dose equivalent Hp(0.07). The extremity doses of 231 person-time from 4 kinds of interventional procedures were measured on 2 interventional devices with single X-ray tube and 3 devices with double X-ray tubes. The doses obtained on different kinds of interventional devices were analyzed.Results The TLD shows good linear fitting with Hp(0.07) calibration.The extremity doses, which in the therapeutic procedures were higher than those in the graphic ones, perform positively relevance to the exposure time.Comparing the same kind of interventional procedures on devices with double and single X-ray tubes, the former shows shorter exposure time with higher extremity dose to interventional staff than the latter.Conclusion The interventional devices with double X-ray tubes significantly improve the efficiency of the interventional procedures while increase the dose to interventional staff. The radiological protection should be strengthened to protect the health of the interventional staff.
  • Measurement and Analysis of Leakage Radiation of 18 Medical Electron Accelerators in M area 24 Points
    XIA Yuan-fu, ZHU Jian-guo, YANG Shu-hui, ZHANG Lin, GAO Ze-yu, LU Feng, NIU Fei
    2017, 26(3): 261-264.
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    Objective To analyse and evaluate the protective performance of medical electron accelerator through measuring and analyzing the leakage radiation levels of some different types of medical electron accelerators in M area 24 points.Methods The ratios of X-ray leakage radiation of 18 medical electron accelerators were tested and studied using thermoluminescent dosemeter (LiF(Mg,Cu,P) plastic tube) according to the measure method of GBZ 126-2011 strictly.Results About the ratios of X-ray leakage radiation in M 24 points area of 18 medical electron accelerators,the range of maximums is from 0.007% to 0.073% (the requirement of GBZ126-2011 is ≤ 2%)and the range of average is from 0.005% to 0.059%(the requirement of GBZ126-2011 is ≤ 0.75%),except to the seventh accelerator for which the beam limiter is damaged.Conclusion The maximum and the average ratio of X-ray leakage radiation of 17 medical electron accelerators meet the relevant national occupational standards, but with the exception of 17.
  • Comparison of the Radiation-protective Effection among Different Types of Sijunzi Decoction
    QU Gong-lin, LI Chen, SHAO Shuai, QI Xue-song, WANG Chun-yan, TONG Peng
    2017, 26(3): 265-269.
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    Objective To observe the radiation-protective effect of different types of Sijunzi Decoction on AHH-1 and BALB/c mice.Methods CCK-8 Assay Kit was used to detect the survival rate of AHH-1 cells treated by the extract of different types of Sijunzi Decoction for 48h on different dosages. According to the results, the radiation-protective effect of different types of Sijunzi Decoction on AHH-1 single-irradiated by 4.0 Gy 60Co γ-rays was investigated. One hundred and twenty BALB/c mice aged 6-8 weeks were divided by random number table method into normal control group, radiation group, Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(10:9:9:6) group, Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) group, and Codonopsis Sijunzi Decoction (2:2:2:1) group. Radiation-damaged model mice were single-irradiated by 3.5 Gy 60Co γ-rays, and the extract of different types of Sijunzi Decoction were administered intragastrically before and after the irradiation. The activity index including body weight, thymus index, spleen index, bone marrow micronucleus rate and apoptosis of spleen cells were detected.Results Compared to the radiation group, the survival rate of irradiated AHH-1 cells were increased by Codonopsis Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) at the dosage of 250μg/mL(P<0.05). The body weight recovery of mice were promoted by Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) and Codonopsis Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) at 3d after irradiation(P<0.05). At 7d after irradiation, the mice thymus index were elevated by Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(10:9:9:6) (P<0.05), also the increasement of mice bone marrow micronucleus rates were inhibited by Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(10:9:9:6) (P<0.05) at 3d after irradiation. Besides, Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(10:9:9:6) has the significant effect on reducing the apoptosis of spleen cells at 3d or 7d after irradiation. Codonopsis Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) has significant effect on inhibiting the increasement of mice bone marrow micronucleus rates and reducing the apoptosis of spleen cells at 3d or 7d after irradiation. Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) has the same effect with Codonopsis Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) and it can also raise mice thymus index, spleen index greatly at 7d after irradiation.Conclusion On the same proportion of the principal drug, Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction was more effective. On the other hand, Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(2:2:2:1) was more effective than Ginseng Sijunzi Decoction(10:9:9:6). The experiment results indicate the correctness of the following points of view:a. Ginseng is more appropriate for the principal drug, b. the proportion of (2:2:2:1) is more effective on the radiation-protective effection, c. Codonopsis Sijunzi Decoction and the proportion of (10:9:9:6) also play a role in the radiation-protective effection.
  • The Exposure Dose Analysis of Interventional Physician's Lens and Finger
    JIA Yu-xin, MAI Wei-ji, QIU Mei-jiao, HUANG Shan-shan, LONG Xuan, YANG Yu-hua
    2017, 26(3): 275-278.
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    Objective To investigate the operators' lens and finger radiation dose in interventional operation to get to know interventional radiology staff extremity radiation dose levels in Guangdong and to provide some reference data for giving relevant radiation protection requirements.Methods 2014.7-2015.3 20 interventional radiology staff in two comprehensive hospitals were selected as interviewees, who were issued 70 sets of rings and eye lens dosimeters (LiF (Mg, Cu, P)). 20 sets of dosimeters used to cumulative dose survey after wearing two months, while the others used to dose survey in different types single surgery.Results In 14 interventional cardiology staffs, the eye lens cumulative dose was up to 2.64 mSv, and hands dose was up to 11.61 mSv. 2 neurosurgery staffs survey results respectively while 2 TECA-based interventional surgical staffs were respectively 2.46 mSv, 29.33 mSv. The eye len and hand dose ranges in single surgical coronary angioraphy (CA) were respectively 0.11~0.27 mSv, 0.11~0.70 mSv; transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) were respectively 0.04~0.31 mSv, 0.07~0.47 mSv; percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were respectively 0.10~1.49 mSv, 0.15~7.43 mSv; radiofrequency ablation (RFA) were respectively MDL~0.26 mSv, MDL~0.24 mSv.Conclusion According to this considerable workload, highest eye len annual dose levels were estimated roughly closer to international standard, suggesting that for surgical intervention personnel, to strengthen monitoring of the extremities and take protective measures are necessary.
  • Research on the Protection for the Scattered Radiation of the Parts Outside the Radiation-Target-Area in Radiotherapy
    ZHENG Zhu-an, CAO Yu-chun, XIAO Duan-long, CAI Xi-xiong
    2017, 26(3): 284-285.
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    Objective To investigate the protection for the scattered radiation of the parts outside the radiation-target-area in radiotherapy.Methods To measure the scattered radiation doses of the same places 50cm and 80cm from radiation fields in the plane of the isocentre-level of the accelerator in which 100MU was delivered, with 451p-dosimeter, when the protection were performed with no-enhancive-protecion, three-sides-protecion, six-sides-protecion respectively, in the radiotherapy of head and neck carcinoma.Results The scattered radiation doses of 50cm and 80cm from radiation fields with no-enhancive-protecion were (239.80±1.49)mSv and (191.00±1.30)mSv respectively. The scattered radiation doses of 50cm and 80cm from radiation fields with three-sides-protecion were (225.60±1.96)mSv and (180.8 0±0.49)mSv respectively. The scattered radiation doses of 50cm and 80cm from radiation fields with six-sides-protecion were (205.60±0.24)mSv and (171.40±0.75)mSv respectively.Conclusion The enhancive protecion for the scattered radiation of the parts outside the radiation-target-area in the radiotherapy is necessary and effective.
  • A Research on Sleep Condition among Workers of a Nuclear Power Plant
    LIU Chang, WANG Wei, XU Meng-jun, LIU Feng, WU Xiao-jin
    2017, 26(3): 292-296.
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    Objective To investigate sleep condition of nuclear power plant workers by using Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) in order to provide support for building a scientific sleep evaluation system for nuclear power plant.Methods The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was used to assess subjective sleep quality, and all analyses were performed by using the SPSS computer software.Results During the study period, 305 subjects completed the test while 34 subjects dropped out, which resulted in a response rate of 89.97% (305/339). Sleep assessment revealed that the mean PSQI score was 4.29±2.81 and 12.5% of subjects had a score of 7 above, indicating a poor sleep quality. Subjects had a relatively higher score (score of 2 or above) in daytime dysfunction (27.9%), sleep latency (15.0%) and subjective sleep quality (14.8%).Conclusion Sleep condition could be effectively evaluated and monitored by using PSQI. Chinese nuclear power plant workers had a relatively good sleep quality while comparing to domestic general population.
  • Thyroid Cancer Patients with Postoperative 131I Treatment Method of Radiation Protection
    SHU Jin-xia
    2017, 26(3): 299-301.
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    Objective To evaluate the postoperative patients with thyroid cancer 131I treatment method of radiation protection.Methods Randomly selected from November 2014 to January 2016, 125 patients with thyroid cancer, all patients with thyroid cancer surgery, to 131I treatment with radiation protection. Adverse reactions occurred in patients with statistics, comparing patients quality of life before and after radiation protection.Results In 125 patients after 131I treatment for a period of time after the incidence of adverse reactions was 7.20% (9/125), including loss of appetite, nausea, 5 cases (4.00%), much dream, insomnia, 3 cases (2.40%), and parotid gland swelling with mild pain in 1 case (0.80%), after symptomatic treatment, the above adverse reactions are effectively ease or disappear. Protection after the patients' physiological functions, for physical pain and so on, the survival quality score is higher than before protection, statistically significant differences (P<0.05).Conclusion In patients with thyroid carcinoma postoperative treatment during 131I to offer effective protective measures can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and improve the quality of survival, which should be actively explored, summarized and applied clinically.
  • The Study and Prediction of the Total Number of Radio-diagnosis and Radiotherapy Examinations in Hospitals
    SU Yin-ping, LU Gui-cai, XIAO Guo-bin, DU Xiang, SUN Quan-fu
    2017, 26(3): 302-305.
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    Objective To analyze the relationship among the basic data as the number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations and the number of outpatients and emergency visits in some investigated hospitals, and predict the total number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examination in the past ten years of China.Methods Three areas were selected from central, east and west in China. Local health inspection and center for disease control and prevention were responsible to collect the structured questionnaires developed to collect the information including institutional name, grade, number of beds, number of outpatients and emergency visits, number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examination in 2014 and so on. Public data from China health statistics yearbook and GLM model were used to predict the total number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy and CT examination in the past ten years in China.Results There were 390 institutions were investigated covering 88.7504 million of outpatients and emergency visits, 10.9905 million of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations, and 2.9547 million of CT examinations. The proportion of number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations in the number of outpatients and emergency visits in the primary, secondary and tertiary hospital were (4.8±1.8)%,(12.5±3.3)%,(16.5±5.5)%, respectively. The proportion of the number of CT examinations in the number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations in the primary, secondary and tertiary hospital respectively were (21.5±13.7)%,(33.1±5.5)%,(32.1±7.8)%.Through regression analyzing, number of CT scanners, different regions and grade of hospital were the main influence factors on the proportion of the number of CT examinations in the number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations. The annual growth rate of the number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations was 7.8% in the period of 2005-2014, and 11.7% for CT examinations. The predicted number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations was 335.9396 million and the number of CT examinations was 64.2845 million in 2014.Conclusion The number of radio-diagnosis and radiotherapy examinations can be predicted through the number of outpatients and emergency visits to some extent, and the method need to be further researched.
  • Analysis of Quality Control Test of Partial Radiation Diagnostic Projects in the Original Beijing Military Region
    ZHAO Jin-pei, LIN Ying, WANG Lin-jie, LI Xiu-qin, YAN Yan, DING Zhong-hui, KONG Xue-mei
    2017, 26(3): 306-308.
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    Objective To understand the current situation of quality control of medical diagnostic X-ray projects(CR/DR,CT)in the partial hospitals of the original Beijing Military Region,analyze and compare the results with civilian similar works,discover the problems and seek the solutions.Methods The test and evaluation of partial X-ray diagnostic equipment in the original Beijing Military Region were performed according to the relevant criteria. At the same time,to retrieve related articles of civilian similar works in the domestic core journals,compare and analyze the test results of the civil-military.Results Deviation from light field and the radiation field,tube voltage indication deviation of CR/DR system was the most common unqualified index. The qualified rate was 62.86%,90.91% respectively;As for the CT project, the qualified rate of noise, CT dose index and uniformity was quite low, which was 66.67%,71.79%,79.49% respectively. The low qualified rate indexes are similar with the text results of the civil-military.Conclusion Quality control of diagnostic X-ray equipment of troops should be strengthened to ensure that each operating medical X-ray diagnostic equipment in qualified and safe working condition.
  • Progress of the Application of Cone Beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) in Medical Practice
    JIANG Qing-huan, WEI Ke-dao, WANG Jian-chao, CHENG Jin-sheng
    2017, 26(3): 316-321.
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    Objective To understand the recent progress of the application of Cone beam computed tomography(CBCT) in medical practice.Methods This article adopts a inductive and analytical method according to CBCT medical application range through literature review.Results This article provides performance comparisons between the CBCT and MDCT scanners and classifications for CBCT in use of medicine and evaluation of dose ranges for patients in the CBCT scanning. Finally, this article gives some problems on radiological protection in CBCT application of our country.Conclusion The use of CBCT spans has a wide range of clinical specialties and a large range for patient dose in our country.Authors provide a suggestion on making national radiological protection action plant in appropriate use of CBCT.
  • Analysis for Radioactivity Level of Food in the Vicinity of Some Nuclear Power Plants in China
    FENG Lan-ying
    2017, 26(3): 322-325.
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    Objective To study the radioactivity level of food in the vicinity of the nuclear power in China and determine whether it will impact on health.Methods Select main nuclear power plants as references and analyse radiation levels of food around them according to the monitoring data of concerned agencies in some provinces where the nuclear power plants situated.Results Radioactive level of food around all nuclear power plants have not significant changes and keep in the bottom level,the results are in line with China's food radioactive survey results and the monitoring data.Conclusion The additional dose to the public caused by radioactive level of food around nuclear power plants is less than the national limit and won't have impact on human health.
  • Investigation and Analysis on Radon Level of Eight Kindergartens in Summer in a City of China
    SONG Yan-chao, MA Yong-zhong, SUN Ya-ru, CUI Hong-xing, HOU Chang-song, ZHANG Zhen, WU Yun-yun
    2017, 26(3): 331-333.
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    Objective To investigate the radon level of kindergartens by selecting eight kindergartens from four districts in a city of China.Methods The indoor radon concentrations of kindergartens were measured by using CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors, which is a cumulative measurement method.Results The 86 measurement points show that the average indoor radon concentration of the eight kindergartens is (60±34) Bq/m3, ranging from 16 Bq/m3 to 196 Bq/m3.Conclusion The radon concentration of the eight kindergartens meets the corresponding national standard.
  • Measurement of Cosmic Ray Shielding Correction Factor for Buildings with Different Structures
    ZHENG Guo-wen, CHEN Ling
    2017, 26(3): 334-336.
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    Objective To put forward a new measurement method of different cosmic ray shielding correction factor for buildings which can reduce the uncertainty so that improve the accuracy of indoor dose rate assessment.Methods Based on HPIC and spherical NaI(Tl) dose rate meter, cave, bungalows and different floors of the building were measured. According to the results, the cosmic ray shielding correction factor of each building was summarized.Results The cosmic ray shielding correction factor of the selected typical bungalow, stone cave,soil cave and different floors of building is 0.61, 0.29~0.39, 0.13~0.17 and 0.40~0.81.Conclusion Cosmic ray shielding correction factor of cave decreases with increasing the distance between the measurement point to the windows. Cosmic ray shielding correction factor of building increases with the increase of floor height, and the shielding correction factors in middle floors are consistent. In the same room shielding correction factor decreases with increasing of the distance between the measurement point to the window.
  • The Investigation of Radon in Guangzhou Metro line 2 and line 8
    ZHANG lin, ZHANG Jing-bo, MO Su-fang, TAN Han-yun, HUANG Run-ling
    2017, 26(3): 337-339.
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    Objective To find out the level of the concentrations of 222Rn and effective dose of workers in Guangzhou Metro line 2 and line 8.Methods In 16stations of metro, 222Rn concentrations were obtained by using Rn-Tn solid state nuclear track detectors developed by The National Institute for Radiological Protection and Nuclear Safety and Chinese Centre for Disease Control. The annual Effective dose from 222Rn were calculated.Results The average concentration of 222Rn is 40.7Bq/m3, The worker's annual effective dose from 222Rn in stations is 0.293 mSv/a.Conclusion In the 16 stations of Guangzhou in metro line 2 and line 8, no more effective radiation dose from 222Rn to the workers has measured.
  • The Monitoring and Analysis of Gross α/β in Drinking Water in ChangZhou City (2014-2016)
    FU Qiang, WANG Qiang, TANG Jian-bin, ZHU Jian-quan
    2017, 26(3): 340-343.
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    Objective To understand radioactivity level of gross alpha and gross beta in drinking water (The source water and the tap water) in Changzhou city from 2014 to 2016, to provide reference for drinking water risk monitoring in Changzhou area.Methods Water samples were tested in accordance with the Chinese Standard GB/T 5750.13-2006 "Standard examination methods for drinking water radioactivity index".The test results were prepared following the Chinese Standard GB5749-2006 "Standards for drinking water quality" and WHO "Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality".Results From 2014 to 2016, the gross alpha concentration ranges between 0.011 to 0.087Bq/L for the source water and 0.010~0.087 Bq/L for the tap water. The gross beta concentration ranges were 0.071~0.250 Bq/L for the source water and 0.051~0.170 Bq/L for the tap water, The radioactivity level of gross alpha and gross beta has no statistically significant differences between the source water and the tap water. In addition, the average annual effective dose range of the five urban residents in Changzhou during wet season and dry season was 0.012~0.027mSv.Conclusion The radioactivity level of gross alpha and gross beta in drinking water in Changzhou city from 2014 to 2016 were all below the guideline of radioactivity index specified in GB 5749-2006 and WHO "Guidelines for Drinking-Water Quality", the average annual effective doses of the five areas under the administration of Changzhou were also below WHO reference level (annual effective dose limit:0.1mSV/a).
  • The Factors Influencing the Accuracy of Radon Concentration Using RAD7 Radon Minitor Measurement and Analysis of Indoor Radon in Beijing
    LIU Zhi-hui, MA Guo-xue, ZENG Li-ping, SONG Fu-xiang, LIU Qing-yun, WANG Yi, LI Peng-yu
    2017, 26(3): 348-350,356.
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    Objective To find out the factors influencing RAD7 radon monitor's working, and discuss the measurement of random of RAD7 measuring has been discussed in this paper.Methods This paper demonstrates the uncertainty of data and influence factors of measurement by analyzing data of Beijing over years and data from three RAD7 radon measurements in the same place with different parameters, including sampling cycle time, cycle number, humidity, air pressure and other factors.Results Measuring cycle time ≥ 30 minutes and humidity ≤ 10% can effectively reduce the deviation. The daily variation and seasonal variation of radon concentration were observed.Conclusion RAD7 continuous radon concentration detector is of high sensitivity, which has multiple factors that affect the measurement results, can do a good job of quality control to ensure accurate measurement data.
  • Research of Alarm Threshold Value of Steam Generator Tube Leak Total Gamma Monitoring Channel of Nuclear Power Plant
    XU Hu, CHEN Yan, WU Rong-jun, WEI Yong-kang, JIA Jing-xuan
    2017, 26(3): 351-356.
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    Objective To establish the calculation method of steam generator tube leak total gamma monitoring channel of nuclear power plant under the conditions of the steam generator tube leakage and calcute the count rates of total gamma monitoring channel when the leakage were 44 L/h and 70 L/h, which was suggestions for setting the alarm threshold value.Methods By assuming on four different leak location and two kinds of nuclear power level and taking the consideration of considered that the influences of steam-borne and nuclide decay, mathematical models of the leakage of steam generator tube were established.Results The count rates of total gamma monitoring channel were 60 and 90 when the leakage were 44L/h and 70L/h.Conclusion It was recommended to select 60 and 90 as the alarm threshold values of total gamma monitoring channel.
  • The Characteristic of Thyroid Lesion Present in 99mTcO4- Thyroid Scintigraphy and Compute Tomography
    SHI Mei-hua, LI Jong, QIU Hai-sheng, ZUO Ting, Wang Shi-yu, SHAO Hong
    2017, 26(3): 366-371.
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    Objective To analyze the characteristic of thyroid lesion in 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy and computed tomography(CT) and evaluate the diagnosis value of the two imaging methods.Methods 48 patients with thyroid lesion (male 14, female 34) are included in this retrospective study from December 2009 to May 2016, the median age is 11.5 years old. These cases underwent 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy and/or CT scan and the clinical data are collected. 19 cases were diagnosed as mass by 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy and CT and confirmed diagnosed by surgery, 29 cases were diagnosed by clinical and laboratory exam. The characteristic of 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy and CT is analyzed and compared to the postoperative pathology and the clinical features.Results In the 19 confirmed thyroid mass by surgery, there are 8 cases of adenoma, 5 cases of adenocarcinoma, 3 cases of nodular goiter, 2 cases of thyroid abscess and 1 case of hamartoma next to thyroid. There are 9 cases of ectopic thyroid, in which there are 1 case located in the level of lingual duct present three nodule-like change, 1 case located both in the root of tongue and anterior region of neck,5 cases located in the root of tongue only and 2 cases located in the region of tongue with one individual ectopic lobe. There are also 8 normal cases in CT and 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy. There is 1 case of thyromegaly in the CT and with increased uptake in 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy. The degree of uptake in the thyroiditis depends on the process of disease which can be more or less. The 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy and CT exam agree well with the the result of surgery and clinical feature.Conclusion 99mTcO4- thyroid scintigraphy and CT scan play an important role in the diagnosis of thyroid lesion.
  • Clinical Investigation into the Initial Diagnosis and Treatment of 539 Patients with Ⅳ Stage Lung Cancer
    SHAO Qian, LIU Shan-shan, LI Jian-bin, WANG Wei, ZHANG Ying-jie, LI Feng-xiang
    2017, 26(3): 372-377.
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    Objective The aim of the present study was to analyse clinical data obtained from patients with Ⅳ stage lung cancer, including the initial clinical symptoms upon diagnosis, the types of pathological classification, transferred organs, treatment strategy and prognosis.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted of the clinical features of 539 lung cancer patients(Ⅳ stage) who were initially diagnosed and treated at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute (Jinan, China) in 2009. the clinical features of 539 cases of patients,including male 351 cases(65.1%), female 188 cases (34.9%).The maximum and minimum age were 88 and 19 years old, respectively.The average age was 58.51and the median age was 59, but the age less than 60 years old was 282 cases (52.3%).The main symptoms were cough, sputum, blood in phlegm, chest pain, chest tightness, holding breath, fever and extrapulmonary symptoms. The types of cytology and/or pathological such as adenocarcinoma, squamous carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, adenosquamous carcinoma and other types were respectively 377 cases (69.9%), 95 cases (17.6%), 50 cases (9.3%), 9 cases (1.7%), 5 cases (0.9%) and 3 cases (0.6%).The metastases from one single organ and multiple organs were 393 cases (72.9%), 146 cases (27.1%), respectively. Single organ metastasis such as pleura, brain, bone, lung, liver, adrenal metastasis is respectively 112 cases (28.5%), 100 cases (25.4%), 78 cases (19.8%), 60 cases (15.3%), 29 cases (7.4%), 14 cases (3.6%). The Kaplan Meier method and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed to analyse the influence of age, predominant symptoms, pathological classification, transferred organs, treatment strategy on patient's overall survival.Results The 1, 2 and 3 year survival rates were 64.2% (346 cases), 19.7% (106 cases) and 1.5% (8 cases),respectively. The metastases of liver and pleura were poor prognosis, but the bone metastases were relatively well. Multi-factor analysis showed that the patient's age, different metastatic organs, The number of metastatic organs and treatment were independent risk factors on survival.Conclusion The clinical symptoms of patients with Ⅳ stage lung cancer are diversiform and have no specificity. The prognosis is poor. The patient's age, different metastatic organs, the number of metastatic organs, and treatment affect patient's survival.
  • Value of Interlobar Fissure Development in Diagnosis of RDS (Respiratory Distress Syndrome) and Prmature Lung
    WANG Jun-zhuo, WANG Lai-you, ZHANG Wei, LV Jin-feng
    2017, 26(3): 378-380.
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    Objective Review X-ray imaging of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and preterm lung, and explore value of interlobar fissure development in diagnosis between them.Methods We retrospectively analyzed the imaging features and changes of 100 RDS cases and 100 preterm lung cases based on complete and confirmed clinical data.Results All the newborn are taken the first X-ray in bed within 2~4 hours, the common imaging feature is that the permeability of the two lung lobes reduced to different degree, and different distribution of tiny particles can be seen; The different imaging finding is that there are 45 cases in 100 cases of premature lung with interlobar fissure development; and none in 100 cases of RDS, 3 cases appears vague imprecise air bronchogram.Conclusion Interlobar fissure development is an important feature in diagnosis of RDS (I), when preterm lung does not appear interlobar fissure development character, the identification can have certain difficulty, so it needs the close combination between clinical and late RDS air bronchogram identification.
  • Adverse Effects and Mechanisms of Electromagnetic Radiation on the Central Nervous System
    HE Chu-qi, WANG Yue, LONG Ding-xin
    2017, 26(3): 381-384.
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    As one of the important target of radiation exposure, the nervous system will occur many kinds of damage under the action of electromagnetic radiation, such as neurasthenic syndrome,the abnormal change of neurobehavioral and emotional state and psychomotor,the increasing incidence of neurodegenerative diseases and brain tumors,etc. In this paper, we reviewed the effect of electromagnetic radiation on human abnormal nervous system symptoms and related diseases,as well as the mechanism of electromagnetic radiation.