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  • 28 August 2017 Volume 26 Issue 4
      
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  • Preliminary Assessments of Radioactivity Levels in Drinking Water if Guidance Levels are Exceeded
    XU Jia-ang, HAO Wen-yuan, CHEN Ying-min, YANG Shu-hui
    2017, 26(4): 385-389,394.
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    Objective To preliminary discuss the analysis to determine and the assessment if the radioactivity levels in drinking water exceeded the guidance levels of "Standards for Drinking Water Quality"(GB 5749-2006).Methods The drinking waters were determined in this paper according to the methods of "Standard Examination Methods for Drinking Water radiological Parameters"(GB/T 5750.13-2006) and "Gamma Spectrometry Method for Analysis of Radionuclides in Water"(GB/T 16140-1995).A preliminary analysis and evaluation is discussed according to "Basic Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources" (GB 18871-2002)and "Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition".Results The results showed that, the four activities of gross α and three activities of gross β were exceeded the guidance values of "Standards for Drinking Water Quality"(GB 5749-2006) in the four drinking water samples, respectively. Then activity concentrations of radium-226, thorium-232, potassium-40, uranium-238 and plumbum-210 were further determined by gamma spectrometry method. Our preliminary results indicated that the annual effective doses from drinking-water ingestion were beyond the WHO recommended value 0.1 mSv/a.Conclusion If either of the gross alpha and gross beta guidance levels is exceeded, then the specific radionuclides, such as radium-226, thorium-232, potassium-40, uranium-238, plumbum-210,polonium-210 and other radionuclides related to the levels of total radioactivity, should be identified and measured. As soon as possible, to revise or make evaluation standard for drinking water if either of the gross alpha and gross beta levels is exceeded.
  • Assessment of the Eye Lens dose to Working Operator in Five Types of Interventional Fluoroscopic Procedures
    XUE xian, WEI Ke-dao, ZHAO Hong-feng, XU Hui, WANG Jian-chao, YUE Bao-rong
    2017, 26(4): 390-394.
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    Objective To report estimated radiation dose to the eye lens of the interventionalist from five procedures.Methods The radiation doses to the eye lens for five interventional radiology fluoroscopic systems were measured by using OSLs(Optically Stimulated Luminescence) dosimetry calibrated in Hp(0.07).For the eyes, the OSLs are positioned to the right,left and middle sids. Meanwhile,fluoroscopy times,accumulated doses,and DAPs(Dose-Area Product) et.al were recorded for statistical analysis.Results The annual eye lens doses estimated for the operator with the highest workload according to the measurements and the system's log book were 15.12 mSv in CA(Coronary Angiography), 11.59 mSv in PTCA (Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty) and PCI(Percutaneous Coronary Intervention),8.64 mSv in Cerebral aneurysm,36.10 mSv in Pacemaker Therapy,12.78 mSv in Radiofrequency ablation. In Pacemaker Therapy the dose of equivalent of eye lens was the highest in he five procedures.The eye lens doses were different in different procedures,fluoroscopy times,accumulated doses and DAPs.Conclusion The eye lens dose of operators in Pacemaker Therapy will receive an annual equivalence dose of more than 20 mSv as recommended by the ICRP provided by the current study.Attention should be paid to the protection of the eyes of operators.
  • Study on the Radiation Shielding for Room of Industrial X-ray Radiography
    SU Jing, FENG Ze-chen, MENG Bin, LI Hai-liang
    2017, 26(4): 395-397,400.
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    Objective To discuss calculation method of radiation protection of radiography room from industrial X-ray, provide scientific basis for control of occupational exposure, and accumulate experience of shielding radiation.Methods Based on the method given by occupational health standard GBZ/T 250, the shielding design of a radiography room was optimized.Results According to the calculation in this paper, the shielding designs of the wall, the roof, and the radiation-shielded door of the radiography room all could be improved.Conclusion Based on GBZ/T 250, the optimization of shielding design of radiography room could be realized.
  • Results and Analysis on Individual Dose Level of Occupational External Exposure to Radiation for Medical Radiation Workers in China in 2015
    DENG Jun, WANG Tuo, FAN Sheng-nan, WANG Jun, LIU Xiao-hui, AN Jing-gang, WANG Yan-jun, MA Jian-feng, SUN Quan-fu, SU Xu
    2017, 26(4): 398-400.
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    Objective To understand and analyze the individual dose level of occupational exposure of medical radiation workers in China in 2015, and to provide the data and scientific basis for the prevention and control of occupational radioactive disease.Methods By using the "Occupational health of Radiation workers management system-external exposure of personal monitoring", the individual dose monitoring results and other related data of medical workers were collected and analyzed statistically.Results Altogether, data for 214,860 persons have been collected in 2015. The average annual individual effective dose was 0.429 mSv. The average annual individual dose of diagnostic radiology, dental radiology, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, interventional radiology and others, six categories of occupational groups were 0.423 mSv, 0.326 mSv, 0.538 mSv, 0.321 mSv, 0.542 mSv and 0.407 mSv, respectively. The difference of average annual individual effective dose of six categories of occupational groups was statistically significant(P<0.001). The average annual individual dose of nuclear medicine and interventional radiology were significantly higher than those of other occupational categories (P<0.05).Conclusion The average annual individual effective dose of radiation workers meets the national standards. The exposure dose of nuclear medicine and interventional radiation workers is relatively high. To protect their occupational health, the relevant radiation protection measures and facilities should be strengthened.
  • Survey and Analysis of Uranium Enrichment Levels in Vegetables Around an Uranium Mine
    YAN Dong, HE Ying-xue, DING Ku-ke, JIANG Xiao-yan
    2017, 26(4): 401-403.
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    Objective To investigate the enrichment levels of uranium in five kinds of vegetable products around an uranium mine in China. This study provided the basic data for the radioactivity level and food safety assessment for this region.Methods The surface soil was collected in and out of the mining area and the common edible vegetable productions in the farmland. High resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the determination of uranium content.Results The edible part of lettuce was the highest content of 1.09 μg/g in the collected samples of vegetables, and edible coriander content as low as 0.0850 μg/g, the uranium content in vegetable samples did not exceed the standard limits in safe level. The content of uranium in the soil of the vegetable sampling area was in the background value, the content of uranium in the soil was relatively safe, and the level of the uranium tailings and the surrounding road was high.Conclusion The uranium content of farmland soil and food were safe land uncontaminated in the study area. The enrichment levels of uranium tailings and surrounding transportation roads had been polluted, need to take further measures.
  • An Investigation of Radiation dose in Common Paediatric X-ray Digital Radiography
    PENG Chun-ling, ZHANG Meng-long, ZHANG Yi
    2017, 26(4): 418-420.
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    Objective To measure the entrance surface dose (ESD) in various paediatric radiological examinations and compare them with the existing diagnostic reference levels (DRLs).Methods Measurements of ESD using thermoluminescent dosemeters were carried out in a sample of 255 paediatric patients who underwent various common radiological examinations (chest, skull, pelvis, full spine). The patients were categorized according to age, and the mean ESD was calculated for each examination and age category. Additionally, the effective doses were estimated from measured ESD using appropriate conversion coefficients found in the literature.Results The mean ESD values were found to be well below the proposed DRLs for all the examinations studied except for the chest.Conclusion Even in examinations that did not exceed the DRL, measures should be taken to reduce unnecessary radiation doses.
  • Measurement and Analysis of Intrinsic Uniformity of SPECT Equipment
    GAO Ze-yu, ZHU Jian-guo, YANG Shu-hui, SONG Gang
    2017, 26(4): 426-428.
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    Objective To discuss the value and significance of application in quality control by measurement and analysis of intrinsic uniformity of 26 detectors of 13 SPECT Equipment.Methods According to the NEMA standard and the standard of each manufacturer,test the inherent uniformity performance of the SPECT equipment by using image analysis software.Results The qualification rate of integral proper uniformity is 92.3%.The qualification rate of Inherent differential uniformity is 61.5%.Conclusion Inherent uniformity is an important index to ensure the image quality of SPECT equipment.The quality control must be carried out according to the rules.
  • Shielding Calculation of Medical Co-60 Brachytherapy Room
    QI Hong-zhi, GAO Kai, SHANG Ge
    2017, 26(4): 431-432.
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    Objective Using calculation to evaluate the shielding of construction project work of the Co-60 brachytherapy room in the hospital, prevention and control of radiation hazards to protect the health and safety of radiation workers and the public.Methods Calculatiion was done according to the relevant national standards and the basic principles of radiation protection design.Results The gamma ray was used as an overview of the factors affecting the shielding thickness of the Co-60 brachytherapy room so as to determine the shielding formula.Conclusion The shielding of radiation protection facilities in Co-60 brachytherapy room construction project basically meets the hygienic requirements of architectural design.
  • Investigation and Analysis on Levels of Indoor Radon Concentrations Around a Nuclear Facility in Beijing
    LI Xia, MA Yong-zhong, WU Yun-yun, SUN Ya-ru
    2017, 26(4): 433-436.
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    Objective To investigate the levels and distribution of radon in dwellings and offices around a nuclear facility in Beijing, and to provide reference basis for the evaluation of radiation health impact of the population.Methods A total of 33 indoor monitoring sites within 10 km of residential and office areas around a nuclear facility in Beijing were selected. Indoor radon concentrations received during the non-heating season and the heating season were measured by solid track detector respectively.Results The overall mean of indoor radon concentration during non-heating season is 48.5 Bq/m3, in a range of 30 to 74 Bq/m3. The overall mean of indoor radon concentration during heating season is 71 Bq/m3, in a range of 50 to 108 Bq/m3. There was no significant difference in the average values of indoor air radon concentrations for various floors.Conclusion Indoor radon concentration of heating season is higher than that of non-heating season, and indoor ventilation measures should be strengthened and improved to reduce and control the health hazards of indoor radon.
  • External Irradiation Monitoring from Relevant Operation of 192Ir γ-ray Defect Detecting Machine
    ZHOU Geng-ming, WU Xue-mei, HE Zong-xi, DU Bo
    2017, 26(4): 437-438,444.
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    Objective To ensure safety of operations of 192Ir γ-ray defect detecting machine, surrounding dose rates during transportation, outdoors weld inspection and storage of this machine were monitored.Methods Based on external irradiation characteristics of this machine, and relevant standards, air kerma rate of the above three processes were monitored.Results The monitored air kerma rate of transportation ranged from 0.05μGy/h to 24.79μGy/h, outdoors weld inspection ranged from 0.05μGy/h to 0.27μGy/h, and the maximum of storage was 0.99μGy/h.Conclusion All of the monitored data did not exceed the relevant national standards, but some suggestions on radiation protection measures are proposed.
  • Health Monitoring of Radiation Workers in Chongqing in 2016
    ZHANG Ke, YE Cheng, HUANG Qiang
    2017, 26(4): 445-446.
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    Objective This paper aims to understand the personal exposure monitoring and occupational health examination of radiation workers in Chongqing.Methods The survey method was used to collect the basic information of the medical institutions in the city.Results The emphasis on the wear and occupational health examination of individual medical devices was different in Chongqing.Conclusion In order to further strengthen the awareness of protection of the city's radiation workers,we can engage in improving the radiation safety awareness of the medical institutions and the supervision of regulatory authorities.
  • Radioactive Level Investigation and Radiation Safety Management of Unknown Container Sample in a Certain Port
    WANG Zhi-huang, WANG Jian-guo
    2017, 26(4): 447-448.
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    Objective To investigate the level of radioactive contamination of unknown container samples through the actual survey.Methods Using the X,γ type Identifinder-N, gamma dose rate instrument, GC4019 type high purity germanium coaxial gamma spectrometer for radionuclide analysis.Results Some samples were significantly higher than the background level.Conclusion To strengthen the radiation safety management of abnormal radioactive container samples.
  • Psychological Assistance During a Nuclear Accident
    LEI Cui-ping, CHENG Hui-fang, FU Xi-ming, YUAN Long
    2017, 26(4): 458-460.
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    Objective To study the methods of psychological assistance during a nuclear accident.Methods The causes of psychological panic was analyzed and the methods of psychological assistance during nuclear emergency was introduced.Results The contents of psychological assistance to nuclear accidents includes making working program, establishing working mechanism, training professionals, educating the public and carrying out psychological assistance during the emergency and in the recovery stage.Conclusion Psychological assistance is one of the key rescuing work after the nuclear accident. Related agencies should strengthen the work of preparedness and response to psychological assistance.
  • A Preliminary Study on the Relationship Between the Cumulative Exposure of Radon and the Cause of Lung Cancer of the Operating Staff in a Water Tunnel
    CAO Lei
    2017, 26(4): 461-463.
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    Objective The relationship between the level of occupational exposure induced by radon and the mechanism of lung cancer was investigated by measuring the cumulative exposure of radon progeny exposed to the operating staff in a water tunnel.Methods Radon gas and its progeny measuring instruments were used to measure radon and its progeny levels of the field. The passive concentration detector was used to detect and analyze the concentration level of radon and thoron in the tunnel.Results The distributions of concerned radon concentration and equilibrium equivalent radon concentration in the tunnel showed that concentration in morning was higher than in the afternoon, potential alpha energy exposure of radon progeny is 49.7 WLM. The effective dose is 497 mSv. The source of radon and thoron in tunnel was analyzed. The correlation between the causes of lung cancer and the cumulative exposure of radon progeny was studied.Conclusion From the perspective of exposure to radon and its progeny, the exposure of radon and its progeny exposed to the operating staff will increase rapidly for a short period of time. Considering the operating staff at the same time in construction of poor tunnel conditions, such as one-way tunneling poor ventilation, high production dust exposure, no radon protection and decreasing measures in the tunnel, high levels of aerosol tunnel, and so on, the synergistic effect of high radon exposure and production of dust (free SiO2 and ThO2) on occupational hazards induced lung cancer may have synergistic effects, Further research is urgently needed.
  • The Influence on Measurement of 238U,232Th,226Ra and 40K in Zircon Sand by Sealing Period
    YAN Wen-xun, FENG Ya-hui, ZHOU Yu-hang, XU Xin-chun, ZHENG Jian-ming, DAI Dong-qing, XU Song, CHEN Jin, MAO Xin
    2017, 26(4): 478-479,492.
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    Objective To study the influence on measurement of 238U,232Th,226Ra and 40K in zircon sand by sealing period.Methods The samples of zircon sand were sealed for 0,1, 4,7,11,15,20 and 30 days, HPGe γ spectrometer was employed to characterize the specific activity of natural nuclides in zircon sand, and the influence on measurement of 238U,232Th,226Ra and 40K in zircon sand by sealing period were judged.Results There was no influence on measured value of 238U,232Th and 40K by sealing period, and the influence on 226Ra by sealing period were less than 2%.Conclusion Specific activity of natural nuclides in zircon sand can be characterized without sealing period.
  • Analysis the Reconstruction of the Machine Room for Mobile Linear Accelerator For Intra-Operative Radiation Therapy
    ZHOU Han, SHEN Ze-tian, SHEN Jun-shu, CHEN Jun-ting, ZHU Xi-xu, LI Bing
    2017, 26(4): 488-492.
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    Objective Mobile linear accelerator for intra-operative radiation therapy is the new technology for the cancer treatment.Methods In the extremity radiation condition,0° and 45° directions,run the accelerator, measured the radiation level around the operating room.Results The radiation level rised sharply when the accelerator was runnning,the max radiation level was 60 μSv/h.Conclusion The paper introduce the reconstruction of the machine room and environment assessment of acceptance testing for Mobile Linear Accelerator Intra-operative Radiation Therapy Mobetron 2000. And we will setup the basical quality assurance for the clinic.
  • Radiation Protection Evaluation on the Control Effect of Occupational Hazards in Medical Imaging Center Project
    LIU Lei, ZHANG Ling, LI Peng-fei, YIN Chun-xv, TANG Kun, CHENG Ting-ting, PAN Wei-jia, CAO Hong-juan
    2017, 26(4): 493-496.
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    Objective To analyze and evaluate on the radiation protection and control effect of occupational disease hazard in a hospital medical imaging center project, to ensure the occupational health and safety of radiological workers, patients or subjects and the surrounding public.Methods Using the methods of radiation hygiene investigation, radiation detection, personal dose monitoring, occupational health examination, statistics analysis, the radiation protection control effect, equipment safety device, radiation detection level, quality control inspection of radiation equipment and radiological health management of the hospital were analyzed and evaluated.Results The radiological protection facilities and radiological health management measures of the hospital medical imaging center are basically in line with relevant national standards.The radiation level of the radiating equipment room was 0.13~0.17 μSv/h.The effective dose of radiation workers was 0.10~1.92 mSv, and the effective dose per year in 2016 was higher than that in 2015 (t=-2.27,P<0.05).The test results of radiological equipment quality control are consistent with relevant standards.The number of personal protective articles can not meet the needs of patients in the radiation room.Conclusion The medical imaging center of the hospital, which is required to be overhauled, will be able to ensure the occupational health and safety of radiation workers, patients or subjects and the surrounding public.
  • Application of Cross-modality Fusion of 18F-FDG Molecular Coincidence Detection SPECT Image and 64-Slice CT Image in Diagnosis of Solitary Pulmonary Nodules
    LIANG Yan, ZHANG Yong-qiang, ZHAO Jie, LI Zhan-zhan, DU Juan, WANG Yun-lu
    2017, 26(4): 499-503.
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    Objective To explore the value of Cross-modality fusion of 18F-FDG molecular coincidence detection SPECT (coincidence PET/CT) image and 64-slice CT image in diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules.Methods Forty patients of SPN confirmed by pathology or follow-up were examined with 18F-FDG molecular coincidence detection (MCD) SPECT and 64-slice CT. The images was transferred to the post processing station. Cross-modality fusion of coincidence PET/CT's PET image with 64-slice CT image (Cross-modality fusion PET/CT)was made.Differential diagnosis of benign and malignant SPN were made using morphological characteristics on CT image and T/N ratio on PET images. To detect the sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy 0f coincidence PET/CT and Cross-modality fusion PET/CT in diagnosis of SPN.Results Thirty-two SPN were malignant,and the other eight were benign. The images of the thin slice CT can improve the detection rate of internal and peripheral features of SPN.The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy rate of Cross-modality fusion PET/CT were higher than those of coincidence PET/CT.Conclusion Cross-modality fusion PET/CT has higher sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy rate than coincidence PET/CT,worthy to be popularized in clinical practice.
  • A Comparative Study of DCG and Coronary Angiography in the Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris
    LI Hui-jing, LI Jing
    2017, 26(4): 504-506.
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    Objective On the basis of coronary angiography, to evaluate the diagnostic value of 12-lead dynamic electrocardiogram (DCG) in the patients with unstable angina pectoris.Methods A total of 80 patients with unstable angina pectoris in our hospital were examined by CAG and 12-lead DCG in a week after admission. By comparing the results of CAG and DCG, DCG of sensitivity and specificity were evaluated in the diagnosis of unstable angina pectoris. To analyze the relationship of the coronary artery stenosis count with attack frequency of myocardial ischemia, every time duration of ischemia attack and ST-segment depression performance.Results Based on CAG standard, the sensitivity and specificity of DCG in the patients of UAP were 80.3% and 84.2%, DCG of detection of UAP in myocardial ischemia was related to coronary artery stenosis severity.The sensitivity of the single branch lesions were 59.1% and the sensitivity of the multivessel lesions were 87.2%. There was significantly diffevence between the two(P<0.05). The coronary artery lesion occurs more and the sensitivity was high.Conclusion DCG can accuratly assess the location of myocardial ischemia in the patients of UAP,so it is a noninvasive, economic method for the diagnosis of UAP and can assess myocardial ischemia and ischemia range of severity and can improve the quality of life of the patients and the prognosis.
  • The Role of VEGF in Malignant Pleural Effusion
    MA Rui, LIU Fei-yan, SU Feng, DONG Xinjun
    2017, 26(4): 507-510.
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    Malignant Pleural Effusion (MPE) is an important source of tumor-related morbidity. The current treatment is mainly palliative care and control of symptoms, and did not put for ward the pathology of pleural effusion so it can not improve the survival rate. Further clarification of pathophysiological mechanisms, coupled with the development of new therapies, such as intracavity targeting drug infusion chemotherapy, greatly improves our current therapeutic efficacy. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) is thought to be an important cytokine in the formation of malignant pleural effusions. Thus, anti-angiogenic drugs such as bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits the biological activity of VEGF, may have a potential role in the treatment of malignant pleural effusions.