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  • 28 December 2017 Volume 26 Issue 6
      
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  • Measurement studies on the CTDI of wide-beam multi-slice spiral CT
    XU Hui, WANG Jianchao, HUANG Zhuo, YUE Baorong, FENG Zechen
    2017, 26(6): 623-626,636.
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    Objective To study the relationship between the nominal beam width and CTDI measurement efficiency of wide beam multi-slice spiral CT to provide data support for improving the specification for quality control testing of CT in China.Methods Dose measurements were performed on a 128 detector row CT scanner. The effect of beam widths on CTDI100 and CTDI300 was assessed for acquisitions from 5 mm to 80 mm. The CTDI100 is based on application of the readily available 150 mm long CT dose body phantoms and the 100 mm pencil ionization chamber. CTDI300 is supported by measurements with extended 450 mm CT dose body phantom and a 300 mm long pencil CT ionization chamber. CTDI300 was used instead of CTDI∞ to calculate the CTDI measurement efficiency. An amended CTDI100,NT according to IEC and IAEA publications was calculated and compared with CTDI300.Results The CTDI100 measurement efficiency decreased with the increase of beam widths. The ratio of CTDI100 to CTDI300 was 0.62 from 5 mm, at a beam width of 80 mm, the measurement efficiency dropped to 0.56. Through the IEC and IAEA correction formula, the ratio of amended CTDI100,NT to CTDI∞ can be maintained at a relatively constant level.Conclusion The widely used CT dose index CTDI100 is lack of accuracy in evaluating the CT dose of wide-beam multi-slice spiral CT. The correction formula can characterize the dose level of wide beam multi-slice spiral CT to a constant ratio. On how to accurately express and measure the dose of wide beam CT by a simple way, the international community is still on the road.
  • Investigation on the dose received by the professional staff at nuclear medicine departments
    WANG Hongfang, LOU Yun, FENG Zechen, KONG Yuxia, YU Jun, WANG Huan, TIAN Qinxiang, MA Yongzhong
    2017, 26(6): 627-629.
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    Objective To investigate the dose received by the professional staff and the weak links in protection management in nuclear medicine departments.Methods Thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) were used to measure radiation dose received by the professional staff including Hp(10), Hp(3) and Hp(0.07), then to assess the whole body effective dose, eye lens equivalent dose and hand equivalent dose. A COMO170 surface contamination monitor was employed to test the operator's body surface.Results The 18F drug injectors exhibited the maximum effective dose of 0.34 mSv and the maximum eye lens dose of 0.35 mSv. The Cyclotron pharmaceutical operators gave the maximum hand skin dose of 48.2 mSv. The surface contamination was occasionally found at the hand or the clothes after operation.Conclusion Self-protection should be strengthened for 18F operators, and be paid enough attention to the radiation exposure of hand.
  • Natural neutron effective dose assessment to the residents in Tibet
    CHEN Ran, XU Yongjun, WU Jianhua, LIU Senlin
    2017, 26(6): 630-632.
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    Objective To evaluate the natural neutron average annual effective doses to Tibetan residents on basis of the measurement of ambient dose equivalent rate.Methods Based on the field survey data of natural neutron ambient dose equivalent rate and considering the correcting factors, the values of different region in Tibet were obtained pursuant to the local population weighted method.Results According to the results, population-weighted natural neutron average annual effective dose was 0.75±0.26 mSv/a in Tibet, and it's equivalent to the natural neutron average annual effective dose suffered by the residents living at about 3900m altitude.Conclusion The natural neutron average annual effective doses to Tibetan residents is at a high level about 8 times of the worldwide average value of 0.1 mSv.
  • A preliminary study on the results of hand exposure of nuclear medicine workers
    WANG Bin, GAO Linfeng, QIAN Aijun, YAO Jie, XIAO Hong, JIANG Zhou
    2017, 26(6): 633-636.
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    Objective To study the hand doses for staff handing radiopharmaceuticals in nuclear medicine.Methods Radiation does to the hands of occupational workers handling 99mTc、18F and 131I were measured by ring TLD and instrument of γambient dose equivalent rate.Results There were several factors affecting the mangnitude of the dose to the hands. The amount of activity, the time spending in the radiation field and the skills and experience of the woker influenced the time and thus the dose. Radiation dose of handling 99mTc、18F and 131I staff were observed to be 475、503、185 μSv/h. 18F packing staff were observed of the hand maximum dose rate of up to 3503 μSv/h.The bi-monthly max cumulative doses to the handtips of worker were 7.40、103.9、21.96 mSv, respectively.Conclusion The nuclear medicine personnel usually unsustainable contact nuclide and rotate, actual exposure hand dose is within the national standard.
  • Effect of radiotherapy on mouse RAW264.7 cell polarization induced by IL-4
    XIE Hairong, LI Zhen, LI Hailiang, MENG Bin, SHANG Jie
    2017, 26(6): 637-641.
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    Objective To investigate the effect of radiotherapy on RAW264. 7 cell polarization to M2 phenotype induced by interleukin-4 (IL-4).Methods RAW264. 7 cells were induced to polarize to M2 by IL-4. CD206 and CD209 expressions induced by different radiation condition were detected by using flow cytomtery and protein expressions of Arginase1 (Arg-1) and YM-1 of M2 phenotypes were detected by Western blot, respectively.Results Radiotherapy promoted the increase of YM-1 and Arg-1 protein expressions induced by IL-4, but downregulated CD206 and CD209 expressions.Conclusion Radiotherapy can promote the macrophage polarization to M2 induced by IL-4 but downregulated functional molecular expression.
  • The protective role of therapeutic hypothermia in the 10 Gy irradiated Balb/C mice
    WANG Yongli, LI Shufang, LIU Mengya, AN Quan, LI Jianguo, QIN Xiujun, WEN Jianhua, LIU Huan
    2017, 26(6): 642-646.
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    Objective To investigate the protective role of therapeutic hypothermia in the acute and high-dose irradiated mice.Methods Two groups of Balb/C mice each 15 were received whole body irradiation with 60Co source. One group of mice were administered therapeutic hypothermia following irradiation. The indices of survival time, survival rate, protection index, and peripheral blood counts as well as paraffin-embedded tissue sections were observed.Results Survival time extended averagely 3.4 days and protection index attained 1.216 in the hypothermia-treated group compared with the group treated only with radiation.And both the reduction of lymphocytes and injuries of organs induced by irradiation were retarded in the hypothermia-treated group too,the number of lymphocytes at 6 hours and 24 hours after irradiation was higher than that of the group treated only with radiation.Conclusion Therapeutic hypothermia administered immediately following irradiation might play a protective role in mice exposure to high-dose irradiation.
  • Effect of radon hot springs on plasma 8-OHdG and TrxR in surrounding residents
    GAO Yanxiao, TIAN Mei, GAO Gang, WU Lina, YI Lirong, LIU Jianxiang
    2017, 26(6): 647-650.
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    Objective To investigate the effects of long-term and repeatedly exposure to radon hot spring on oxidative damage and antioxidation in the population.Methods A simple random sampling method was used to select 46 residents around Radon Hot Spring in Ping Shan county as radon group, and 39 residents of Huishe township were selected as control group. Plasma levels of 8-OHdG and TrxR were measured by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differential expression of 8-OHdG and TrxR between the two groups.Results The levels of 8-OHdG in peripheral plasma of residents with radon group were significantly decreased, and the levels of TrxR were significantly increased (Z=-3.350,-2.394,P<0.05), which were 0.622 times and 1.373 times that of the control group respectively. After the multiple linear regression analysis adjusted the factors of age, smoking, drinking, drinking tea and BMI, and residents radon exposure was associated with the differential expression of 8-OHdG and TrxR (t=-3.188,2.267,P<0.05).Conclusion Long-term and repeatedly exposure to radon hot springs can enhance the antioxidant capacity to a certain extent, and reduce the level of oxidative damage.
  • Antioxidant effects of human lactoferrin in mice by ionizing radiation
    FENG Li, WEI Chao, LI Zhen, SHANG Jie, DENG Daping
    2017, 26(6): 651-654.
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    Objective To study its influence on the 30th day suivival rate, the antioxidant in mice and to study the preventive effects of hLF on radiation damage as well as its possible mechanism.Methods The mice were randomly divided into three groups:normal control group、radiated control group and human lactoferrin protection group. The normal and radiated control groups were given isotonic Na chloride, once a day in seven days pre-irradiation.But protection group was given hLF, Mice in radiated control and protection group were exposed to X-ray after the last adminstration. All indexes were measured in the 24 h after radiation.Indexes include the 30-day survival rate of mice, the content of MDA, the SOD activity.The hepatic histopathologic changes were observed by microscopy.Results hLF could raise the 30-days survival rate of mice, and minimize the increasing degree of MDA and the decreasing degree of the activities of SOD. About protection group, liver damage reduced.Conclusion hLF can raise survival rate of radiated mice, enhance the their antioxidant ability. So we can conclude that the hLF may have some preventive effects on mice exposed to radiation.
  • The investigation on occupational stress of radiologic workers of nuclear medicine
    LIANG Jing, LIAN Dexing, ZHANG Qingzhao, ZHANG Zhen, HOU Changsong, ZHU Weiguo
    2017, 26(6): 655-657.
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    Objective To investigate the occupational stress and metal health of radiological worker of nuclear medicine and study the relationship between them.Methods The investigation was performed by Chinese Perceived Stress Scales Questionnaire, Chinese Health Questionnaire-12, as well as questionnaire related to radiology.Results The stress score of radiological worker with senior title was 19.80±11.26, which was the lowest of all 84 participants. There was statistically significant result in different title groups. Forthermore there was a positive relationship between stress score and health score, r=0.339. The radiation perception score of radiological worker with low educational background was 18.45±2.59. Conclusion With the increase of occupational stress, mental disorder rate increases. To ensure physical and mental health of radiological workers, the task should be distributed reasonably and effectively.
  • Status of eye lens damage in radiologic workers in Langfang
    ZHANG Jie, HAO Shibing, WANG Na, REN Yang, LI Shaojing, XU Ping, ZHANG Jingzhan
    2017, 26(6): 658-660.
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    Objective To understand the status of eye lens damage in radiologic workers in Langfang and provide technical basis for radiological protection.Methods To carry on eye lens examination for 1365 radiologic workers in Langfang, then made statistical analysis on the result.Results 100 out of 1365 radiologic workers be detected as eye lens opacity, the ratio of opacity attach to 7.3%. The ratio of eye lens opacity of radiologic workers presented a increasing trend with the growth of length of service(χ2=192.954,P<0.05). The ratio of eye lens opacity of radiologic workers engaging in medical diagnosis, dental treatment, interventional therapy, isotope application, industrial inspection respectively was 8.7%、1.1%、2.0%、2.5%、8.7%. The difference was statistically significant(χ2=15.702,P<0.05). The ratio of eye lens opacity of radiologic workers in municipal hospital, county hospital, health clinics in towns and other medical therapy institution respectively was 4.0%、5.7%、10.7%、8.7%. The difference was statistically significant(χ2=15.728.,P<0.05).Conclusion Long term low dose occupational exposure will cause some damage to eye lens of radiologic workers. Radiological protection should be enhanced and health clinics in towns and other medical therapy institution and enterprises having to do with industrial inspection work should be regarded as important institution in radiation protection.
  • Evaluation studies on the improvement of auxiliary radiological protective facilities in interventional radiology
    XU Hui, WANG Jianchao, HUANG Zhuo, YUE Baorong, FAN Yaohua
    2017, 26(6): 661-664.
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    Objective To provides reasonable and feasible suggestions for radiological protection to interventional staff by measuring the dose level in different auxiliary protective facilities at the standing position of interventional staff.Methods According to the characteristics of DSA equipment, 451P ionization chamber tourimeter was used to measure the ambient Dose Equivalent rate at different heights of interventional staff with using different auxiliary protective equipment. The effect of radiological protection was compared between different auxiliary protective facilities.Results The dose level of double-tube exposure is much bigger than that of the single-tube exposure. The shielding effect of using a lead screen for the first surgeon is better than the second surgeon. The using of a lead screen in double-tube exposure can reduce the dose of 31%~99% for the first surgeon and reduce the dose of 12%~90% for the second surgeon. The using of a lead screen in single-tube exposure can reduce the dose of the first surgeon 4%~65% of the dose, and reduce the 2%~30% of the dose for the second surgeon. The dose of head, chest and abdomen of interventional staff can be significantly reduced through improving the existing auxiliary protective facilities, but the protective effect to the foot is not obvious.Conclusion The using of lead screens and improving the auxiliary protective equipment can shield the X-rays of interventional staff in varying degrees, it can protect interventional staff and reduce the radiation dose level.
  • The analysis of the 21 SPECT equipment's performance test results in Guangdong Province
    TAN Zhan, MA Rui, TAN Guangxiang, GUO Weizhen, LIN Haihui
    2017, 26(6): 665-667.
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    Objective To improve the image quality control of SPECT Equipment by analyzing the performance test results of 21 SPECT Equipment.Methods Performance was done on testing on the 21 SPECT Equipment with image analysis software, following the 2007 edition of the NEMA (National Electrical Manufacturers Association) standard and the standards of manufacturers.Results The unqualified items mainly appeared in the intrinsic integral uniformity and the intrinsic spatial differential linearity.Conclusion To effectively guarantee the image quality, higher awareness of quality control process, stronger emphasis on daily control work, and better technical capability are necessary.
  • Investigation and control strategy on the quality control of apparatus of radio diagnosis and radiotherapy in Guangxi
    CHEN Faxiang, LIANG Guiqiang, CHEN Zhangfan, LIANG Ting, DONG Ying, WU Yingyu, WEI Hongkuang, ZHOU Yan, XIE Ping
    2017, 26(6): 668-670,679.
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    Objective To provide scientific basis for improving the qualified rate of equipment performance, through understanding the qualified situation on quality control of medical radiative diagnostic equipment in Guangxi, and exploring the reasons of the unqualified equipment performance and control strategy.Methods The quality control testing of 467 medical radiative diagnostic equipment from 111 hospitals in Guangxi were carried out, according to test specifications on quality control of the relevant national standards. Chi-square test was used to the qualified rate in the different apparatus of radio diagnosis and radiotherapy.Results The qualified rate on the quality control of medical radiative diagnostic equipment in Guangxi was 80.51%. The qualified rate on quality control of X-ray imaging diagnosis, radiative treatment, and nuclear medical equipment were 81.6% (346/424), 81.6% (28/37) and 33.33% (2/6), respectively. The qualified rate on quality control of nuclear medical equipment is lower than the X-ray imaging diagnosis and radiotherapy equipment (P<0.05). The reason on the unqualified quality control of DR and X-ray imaging equipment was that the quadrilateral deviation of the light field and radiation field was substandard. The main reasons of the unqualified CT, SPECT, medical electron accelerator and afterloader were that CT value linear, inherent inhomogeneity, calibration point absorption dose and source precision detection was substandard, respectively.Conclusion The qualified rate on the quality control of medical radiative diagnostic equipment in Guangxi is low, and the quality control test for unqualified equipment should be improved further.
  • The monitoring status of the dental X-ray machine room and the personal dose of the dental radiators in Shenzhen City
    ZHU Jiancong, LIN Yongqin, ZHANG Yi, LUO Jigan, WANG Junsheng, WANG Xiaoqiang, CAI Jinmin
    2017, 26(6): 671-673.
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    Objective To understand the shielding condition of dental X-ray room in ShenZhen and the personal dose monitoring status of dental radiation workers.Methods The ATOMTEX AT1123X-γ radiation detector was used to detect the dental X-ray machine room and cumulative dose of occupational exposure to dental radiation was measured by the thermoluminescence personal dose monitoring method.Results According to the survey results of the three years from 2014 to 2016, the cumulative dose of external dose of dental radiation did exceed; There was some ray leakage phenomenon in the room, and the linear trend of chi-square test showed that the dental room was qualified in 2014-2016 The rate is on the rise.Conclusion There is a partial leakage in the dental X-ray machine room, but the overall exposure dose of dental radiators is low, and radiation protection management and personal dose monitoring are still needed and protection training be strengthened.
  • Investigation and analysis of the CT scan in radiation diagnosis unit of Wuhan in 2015
    XU Dandan, YUAN Lu
    2017, 26(6): 674-679.
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    Objective Computed tomography (CT)is an important examination method for diagnosing, but its indication vary among hospitals. Therefore, we should investigate the rational use of CT scan.Methods Literature searches, telephone surveys, reports were employed to investigate the usage of CT scan, and the data were collected and analyzed.Results Totally 49 hospitals with 74 CT systems in Wuhan were included in this research. According to the usage of all CT systems, we found the non-enhanced and enhanced CT systems were distinctly adopted in different organs. Specifically, enhanced CT scans were more used in the whole body and interventions,while non-enhanced scan were more used in head, thorax, pelvis and limbs. The patients receiving CT scan were of no differences in genders, but varies in age groups.Conclusion CT scan is widely used in Wuhan for almost all body of patients, but the character of use varies in body parts and age groups. So the layout of CT systems should be different in hospitals based on the character of admitted patients.
  • Investigation and analysis of radiation protection in primary medical institutions in Zhejiang
    ZHU Ainan, MA Mingqiang, WANG Yanhua, JIANG Zhaoqiang, LOU Jianlin
    2017, 26(6): 680-682,691.
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    Objective To understand the current situation of radiation protection in primary medical institutions and analyze the existing problems, so as to provide countermeasures and suggestions for further strengthening the protection and management of radiation diagnosis and treatment in primary medical institutions.Methods Pre designed questionnaire of "grassroots medical institutions radiation protection survey" was used to investigate the configuration condition of equipment of radiation diagnosis and treatment and radiology physicians, occupation health management of radiation workers, personal protective equipment, radiation protection testing and equipment performance testing, and examination of radiation construction projects.Results CT, DR and CR accounted for about 50% of the radiation diagnosis and treatment equipment, while X-ray machines accounted for 5.6%, and equipment for more than 10 years accounted for 11.1%. Totaly, 9.9% of the basic medical institutions had no radiology physicians. The rate of examination, training of radiology staff and the rate of individual dose monitoring were 98.6%, 98.3% and 99.9%, respectively. Allocation rate and qualified rate of personal protective equipment were 100% and 98%, respectively. Qualification rates of radiological protection test and equipment performance test were 99% and 99.7%, respectively. Noting that 25.9% and 20.6% of the construction protats did not conduct pre evaluation and control effect evaluation of radiation protection.Conclusion The situation of backward and old equipment still exist. Radiology physicians were relatively lacked. Health examination rate of construction project is low. Occupation health management of radiation workers is normative. The allcation rate, qualified rate of personal protective equipment and qualified rate of radiological protection test and equipment performance test are high.
  • Based on the project management thinking the construction of radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy management system
    FANG Hongjun, WANG Ping, PAN Yisheng
    2017, 26(6): 683-686.
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    Objective To improve the levels of hospital management in radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy area.Methods The application of project management thinking and SWOT analysis were applied before the start of the project. Setting management goals, developing a precise project plan, strengthening the construction of the system and communication platform, and making full use of ‘Comprehensive appraisal of clinical department’, all the measures were helpful to enhance the compliance of employees together with good service.Results The rate of radiation workers management and radiation workplace and equipment management index reached almost 100% from a low level.Conclusion Using project management thinking to construct the radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy management system was crucial to promote management level.
  • Development of neutron position sensitive detector with wavelength-shifting fibers and ZnS (Ag)/H310BO3 scintillation screen
    LIU Yang, GUO Luzhen, LIU Zhe, LUO Zhiping, CHEN Ling
    2017, 26(6): 687-691.
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    Objective Based on the wavelength-shifting fibers and Zns(Ag)/H310Bo3 scintillation screen, we developed a neutron position sensitive detector.Methods We established the apparatus using wavelength shifting fibers and ZnS(Ag)/H310BO3 scintillation screen capture neutron, silicon photomultiplier array, "pattern match" method to determine neutron position. Then neutron source and neutron flux from nuclear reactor was used to test the characters of the system.Rusults The detector has the sensitive area of 80 mm×80 mm, pixel of 5 mm,detection efficiency of 4.4%±0.2% and count ability of 104/s.Conclusion The output of the thesis can fulfill the needs of neutron spectrum for the research in different scientific fields.
  • Monitoring of radioactive strontium-90 in organisms of the enviroment around the nuclear power plant before operation
    LOU Hailin, LU Ying, WEN Fuping, XU Xutao, LIU Lei, TU Xingming, HOU Shuguo, SHAO Minggang, LI Jiaxing
    2017, 26(6): 692-694,701.
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    Objective To obtain the level of strontium-90 in the surrounding organisms before the operation of a nuclear power plant and provide the background data for the impact of the surrounding organisms after the operation of the nuclear power plant.Methods The monitoring was done according to the relevant national standards of the analysis and monitoring methods.Results The monitoring results of strontium -90 in terrestrial plats,poultry and freshwater fish,marine organism are:26.8~1845.0 mBq/kg,36.4~815.0 mBq/kg,10.2~534.0 mBq/kg.Conclusion The level of strontium-90 in the surrounding organisms of the nuclear power plant is up to the normal background radiation levels.
  • Total α and total β radioactivity levels of ground water in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016
    Feng Jiangping, Guo Jianfeng, Shi Jinsong, Liu Yan, Ding Minxia
    2017, 26(6): 695-697,707.
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    Objective To monitor total α and total β radioactivity levels of ground water in Shenzhen from 2010 to 2016.Methods The measurement was done according to "Standard test method for drinking water"(GB 5750. 13-2006).Results The activity concentration of total α and total β were in the range of (2.2±1.1~118.8±7.8)×10-3Bq/L and (11.0±3.2~615.0±20.1)×10-3Bq/L; The percapita annual effective dose due to drinking-water in Shenzhen was (1.83~4.91)×10-3mSv/a and (2.41~3.85)×10-4mSv/a. The results are in line with national standards.Conclusion The level of total α and total β of ground water in Shenzhen fall in the range of normal background.
  • Analysis of 210Pb determination in environmental water using a Sr-resin column
    LI Shuangshuang, WANG Jinlong, WEN Deyun, HE Xu, YU Guobing
    2017, 26(6): 698-701.
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    Objective To determinate 210Pb in environmental water using a Sr-resin column.Methods The study selected 7 environmental water samples and 2 samples of added standard radionuclide source. The Sr-resin column was used for radiochemical separation and 210Pb is measured by Alpha-beta counter. Meanwhile,it was Compared with using an anion exchange resin. The range of chemical recovery of environmental water samples using a Sr-resin column is 84.13%~95.48%. The range of chemical recovery of samples of added standard radionuclide source is 92.47%~94.11%. Meanwhile,the range of chemical recovery of environmental water samples using an anion exchange resin column is 45.24%~81.99%,the range of chemical recovery of samples of added standard radionuclide source is 65.78%~71.25%.Results The advantages of this method are higher chemical recovery and stable.Clonclusion The Sr-resin column can be used for analysis of 210Pb determination in environmental water samples.
  • Monitoring analysis of gross α and gross β radioactivity in atmospheric fallout in Huaian City(2015-2016)
    YU Qun, ZHANG Huidong, Zhang Minhui
    2017, 26(6): 702-703,707.
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    Objective Based on the analysis of the gross α and gross β radioactivity measurements of the fallouts in Huaian city from 2015 to 2016 to provide a scientific basis for the daily and nuclear emergency monitoring of atmospheric radioactivity.Methods Sampling plan was made and gross α and gross β radioactivity of the fallouts were tested in accordance with "Handbook of monitoring of radioactive substances in food in Jiangsu Province".Results A total of 16 fallouts were detected, the arithm etic average values for gross α and gross β radioactivity were in the range of (2.19±0.54)Bq/m2 and (8.72±1.83) Bq/m2 respectively.Conclusion It is suggested that the gross α and gross β count rate and the radioactive level of the fallouts should be made as the atmospheric nuclear radiation level monitoring indicators.
  • Application discussion of two tightness test methods for housing and duct
    ZHANG Jirong, QIAO Taifei, WANG Kunjun, ZHANG Xueping, ZHANG Zhaochen, QIU Jilin
    2017, 26(6): 704-707.
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    Objective To shorten the unusable time of the nuclear air cleaning system which is associated with safety, enhance the accuracy of the test and select appropriate method to carry out tightness test for housing and duct.Methods Constant pressure method and pressure decay method can be used to evaluate whether the air-tightness of housing and duct in nuclear air cleaning system satisfies design requirements. Two leak test methods are compared combined with practical application.Results It is suggested to use the constant pressure method and the pressure decay method to carry out the tightness test respectively according to the opposite ratio of the leak rate and the specified air-flow of the system, the opposite ratio of the leak quantity in the unit time and the volume of the enclosed space.Conclusion According to the different acceptance criteria, selecting appropriate method can shorten the unusable time of the nuclear air cleaning system which is associated with safety, enhance the accuracy of the test and avoid the adverse influence of the inaccurate measured volume effectively.
  • Analysis on individual monitoring of assessment in Wuhan(2015)
    SHI Mengdie, MIN Zhiteng
    2017, 26(6): 708-709.
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    Objective To test the ability of the individual monitoring in our laboratory and to improve the individual monitoring ability of the radiation workers.Methods Participate in the assessment of National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC,In the light of the check plan.Results We are qualified in 2015.Conclusion Our laboratory's individual monitoring system is up to the standard of occupational external exposure.
  • Study on the changes of the NO2-/NO3- and nitrotyrosine in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid of silica-exposed rats in acute inflammatory stage
    ZHANG Wei, WU Jie, YU Yiguang, WANG Hui, ZHANG Haidong, ZHOU Xiaobao, WANG Rui
    2017, 26(6): 710-714.
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    Objective To evaluate Nitrogen Monoxide metabolites (NO2-/NO3- and nitrotyrosine) as indicators of early silicosis for association with pulmonary pathological findings of silica-exposed rats in acute inflammatory stage.Methods Wistar male rats were randomly divided into control group and three experimental groups (dose of dust 15, 30, 60 mg/ml),each group with 42 rats. Rats in the control group were treated with 1 ml normal saline by trachea instillation, whereas the rats in experimental groups were exposed to 1 ml silica suspension by one-time trachea instillation. Seven rats of each group were sacrificed after exposed to silica on the 1 th, 3 th, 7 th, 14 th, 21 th, 28 th day,then bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected. The concentrations of NO2-/NO3- and nitrotyrosine in the BALF were detected with ELISA and nitrate reduction method. Pulmonary pathological findings of the four groups were observed under light microscope as well. One-way ANOVA analyses and Pearson correlation test were used for statistical analysis. Results The concentrations of NO2-/NO3- in BALF among silica-exposed groups were significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05).The NO2-/NO3- levels detected increased immediately on the 1 st day, reaching the peak on the 14 th day and decreased in later days after silica-exposure. NO2-/NO3- increased time was good synchronous with the inflammatory reaction process of silicosis, as well as NO2-/NO3- levels and stained dust dose had a better dose-response relationship. The levels of nitrotyrosine among silica-exposed groups were significantly higher compared with control group (P<0.05). There was no obvious relationship between the nitrotyrosine concentrations in BALF and exposure dose.Conclusion Nitrogen Monoxide metabolites NO2-/NO3- can be considered as an indicators of early silicosis.
  • Occupational hazards and preventive measures of pathological staff
    JING Hua, ZHANG Fang, WANG Wenxia, SUN Feixia, GAO Pujie, LI Xia
    2017, 26(6): 715-717.
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    Objective To understand the occupational hazard factors of pathological staff, summary the preventive measures and effectively prevent the occupational hazard factors causing harm to the staff to ensure the physical and mental health of staff.Methods We summarized the occupational hazards and preventive measures in the Department of pathology through field investigation and literature search.Results Chemical factors, physical factors, biological factors and psychological factors were the main occupational hazard factors in the working environment of the staff in the Department of pathology. The main preventive measures are as follows:strengthening the facility construction, improving the working environment of the pathology department and paying attention to the mental health of the staff.Conclusion In the management of the pathology department, the subjective health of the staff should be improved and the objective conditions and facilities should be improved to ensure the health of the staff.
  • Sensitizing effect and Mechanism of metformin on radiotherapy of lung carcinoma A549 cells
    JIANG Chao, ZHANG Pengcheng, Wang Xiaowei, GAO Yong
    2017, 26(6): 718-722.
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    Objective To explore the possibility that metformin enhance radiosensitivity and its potential mechanism in lung cancer A549 cells.Methods CCK8 assay was conducted to determine the IC50 value of metformin in A549 cell. The radiosensitizing effect of metformin in A549 cell on survival curve after radiation were detected by cell colony assay. Flow cytometry with Annexin V-PI staining was used to assess the apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. The expression of DNA damage proteinγ-H2AX and DNA repair protein, such as DNA-PK, Ku80, Ku70, were detected by Western Blot analysis.Results We found that metformin at 5mM concerntration enhanced the radiosensitivity of A549 cell. Cell colony assay showed that the cell survival fraction (SF) was 1.39 after radiation combined with 5 mM metformin for 24 hours, and the SF value was 0.1 in radiation alone group. Flow cytometry showed that the ratio of G2/M phase after 6Gy combined with 5mM metformin group was 8%, the early apoptotic rate was 34.9%, but its ratio of 6Gy was 26%, the early apoptotic rate was 10.6%. Western blot showed that metformin significantly down-regulated the expression of DNA repair protein such as DNA-PK, Ku70 and Ku80 and up-regulated the expression of DNA damage repair γ-H2AX protein after 6Gy combined with 5 mM metformin for 24 hours (P<0.01).Conclusion In vitro, we found that the mechanism about radiosensitivity of metformin was to reduce G2 checkpoint and inhibit DNA damage repair.
  • Comparative analysis of ultrasound and pathological results of benign small thyroid nodules with misdiagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
    HUANG Tian, HONG Wenming, JI Lihua, ZHU Guoqiang, Fan Yong
    2017, 26(6): 723-725,729.
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    Objective To observe the ultrasound images and pathological features of small benign thyroid nodules (nodule diameter of 10 mm and less) with misdiagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma and analyze the causes of misdiagnosis, so as to improve the diagnostic level.Methods A total of 29 patients with 31 small benign thyroid nodules were enrolled in the study, and all patients were misdiagnosed by ultrasound examinations in the Department of Ultrasound, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the period from December 2014 through August 2016. The preoperative ultrasound data and postoperative pathological results were retrospectively reviewed.Results Among the 31 misdiagnosed, small, benign thyroid nodules, the preoperative ultrasound findings mainly included solid nodules (28 nodules), unclear margin (13 nodules), irregular morphology (10 nodules), extremely low echo (16 nodules), anteroposterior/transverse diameter (A/T) ratio ≥ 1 (12 nodules) and calcification (12 nodules). The postoperative pathological diagnosis mainly included nodular goiter (21 nodules), adenoma complicated by fibrosis (5 nodules), lymphocytic thyroiditis (4 nodules) and subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (1 nodule), and the major pathological characteristics included extensive fibrous tissue hyperplasia with hyalinization (25 nodules), lymphocyte infiltration and eosinophilic change of follicular epithelium (11 nodules), calcification (8 nodules), condensed colloid (4 nodules), inflammatory cells infiltration (2 nodules) and old hemorrhage (1 nodule).Conclusion Small, benign thyroid nodules are easily misdiagnosed as papillary thyroid microcarcinoma at ultrasound examinations, which requires a comprehensive diagnosis based on pathological examinations in combination with other approaches.
  • Research on how the variation of bladder volume impacts upon the dose distribution of rectal cancer undergoing postoperative in intensity modulated radiation therapy
    XUE Hongyuan, LIN Rong, ZENG Zili, QIN Shufu, LIN Feng, TAN Yong
    2017, 26(6): 726-729.
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    Objective In order to study how the variation of bladder volume impacts on the distribution of the irradiated dose of planning target volume and normal tissue volume in intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT), and to provide reference material for rectal cancer undergoing postoperative IMRT.Methods 19 pathologically confirmed idiopathic patients are taken computed tomography (CT) scan under two situations-bladders full and bladders empty. Making use of those CT images, we delineate their planning target volumes and surrounding normal tissues for the two situations in treatment planning system (TPS). The results are compared.Results Contrasting bladder full and empty situations, we find that the dose of PTV and femoral head do not variate obviously (P>0.05). However, the dose statistical results of bladder, bowl and colon are 0.019, 0.022 and 0.037 (P<0.05). These differences are obvious on statistics.Conclusion In rectal cancer undergoing postoperative IMRT, compare to bladder empty situation, the irradiated volume and dose of bladder, bowl and colon reduce obviously when bladder is full. But the impact of PTV and femoral head could be ignored in these cases.
  • Comparison of the BMD in middle-aged and elder women in Jinan
    TIAN Ning, WANG Dongmei
    2017, 26(6): 730-732.
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    Objective To explore the difference between the diagnosis of osteoporosis based on the measured value of lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density in middle-`aged and elder women in Jinan.Methods Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (Hologic. USA)was used to measure the lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density of women aged from 50~79 in 253 cases, grouped according to the age.Results Lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density values decreased gradually with the increasing of ages in 70~79 age group. The detection rate of osteoporosis of the hip was higher than that of the lumbar spine, which was of statistical significance(P<0.05).Conclusion Lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density values decreased gradually with increasing age. Combined detection of lumbar spine and hip joint can reduce the missed diagnosis of osteoporosis.
  • Significance of abdominal DR post-processing technique in qualitative diagnosis of newborn necrotizing enterocolitis
    WEI Shu, WANG Laiyou
    2017, 26(6): 733-735,748.
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    Objective To review the imaging findings of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and explore the significance of abdominal DR post-processing technique in qualitative diagnosis of NEC.Methods Retrospective analysis was done on 41 cases of pediatric and pediatric surgical hospitalized children with complete information of NEC imaging.Results Before the application of DR post-processing technique, there were 11 cases of localized intestinal wall pneumatosis and 30 cases of generalized intestinal wall pneumatosis. 8 cases were pneumatosis under pure submucosa, 33 cases were pneumatosis in combined oar membrance or muscular layer, among which 2 cases were combined with hepatic vein. After the application of DR post-processing technique, 14cases of Hepatic portal vein accumulation are found in the rest of 31 cases of pneumatosis in combined oar membrance or muscular layer by adjusting the width of window edge enhancement and liver area after image magnification.Conclusion Hepatic vein pneumatosis signs are specific to the diagnosis of NEC, using abdominal DR post-processing technique can significantly improve prevalence of hepatic vein pneumatosis, DR post-processing technique has vital significance in the qualitative diagnosis of neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis.
  • Development of information system for radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment based on risk monitoring
    CHEN Chun-hui, CHEN Biao, JIA Ru, BEI Wen
    2017, 26(6): 736-739.
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    Objective To develop the monitoring information system of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment in order to control the risk of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy.Methods This paper introduces the framework of the monitoring information system of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment in medical institutions from the aspects of construction target, user object, information source and function. The modules and related contents of information system are described in detail.The characteristics and advantages of the system are analyzed. The importance and feasibility of system development are discussed.Results The system is aimed at many users, such as medical institutions, technical institutions and regulatory departments. Based on radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment basic information, location information, testing and maintenance information, analysis the risk of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy are analyzed to help medical institutions and regulatory departments to strengthen supervision.Conclusion It is necessary and feasible to develop monitoring information system of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy equipment.
  • Levels of indoor thoron (220Rn) concentrations in China
    LEI Shujie, LI Xiaoliang, ZHANG ShouZhi, SUN Quanfu
    2017, 26(6): 740-744.
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    The health effects of thoron (220Rn) and its daughters have attracted more and more attentions. The content of 232Th in soil in China is obviously higher than that of the world, which leads to high content of 232Th in building materials. In our country the materials of a considerable number of residential houses are brick and soil. So the level of 220Rn in the house is higher than that of 222Rn. Based on the papers of 220Rn and its daughters published at home and abroad, the actual radiation doses might be higher than the estimated average of the world. The balance equivalent concentrations of 222Rn and 220Rn calculated by ICRP 50 publication were 15 Bq/m3 and 0.5 Bq/m3. The increasing numbers of lung cancer were 32 and 3.6 per 1,000,000 person-years, respectively. The geological structure and geological fracture are different in different regions in China. The loess plateau in northwest region, the Gejiu city in southwest region and Yangjiang city in south China are typical high level of thoron areas. The levels of indoor 220Rn in the three areas are higher than that of 222Rn. The concentration of 220Rn in cave dwelling in loess plateau was higher than the other two areas. 220Rn concentration was up to 9 times of 222Rn in cave dwelling. The effective dose of 220Rn and its daughters in cave dwelling was much higher than that of 222Rn and its daughters.
  • Research status of DWI-IVIM for the curative effect evaluation of locally advanced rectal cancer to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
    ZHOU Jingjing, LI Kun, LI Aiyin, LI Wen, XIA Lijian
    2017, 26(6): 745-748.
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    Preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision is becoming the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer(LARC).The sensitivity of different patients to chemoradiotherapy(CRT) is different.The accurate evaluation of curative effect of preoperative NCRT is of great significance to the formulation of subsequently individualized treatment schemes.Diffusion weighted imaging-intravoxel incoherent motion(DWI-IVIM) had been used for evaluating the effects of NCRT and predicting the pathological complete response and so on.The research status of DWI-IVIM for the curative effect evaluation of LARC to NCRT was reviewed in this article.