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  • 28 October 2018 Volume 27 Issue 5
      
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  • A survey of terrestrial γ radiation level in high background radiation area of Yangjiang, Guangdong
    LI Xiaoliang, ZHAO Xipeng, ZHAO Yuqian, ZHU Weiguo, HUANG Zhibiao, CHEN Chisong, LEI Shujie, SUN Quanfu
    2018, 27(5): 427-429. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.001
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    Objective To obtain the levels of terrestrial γ radiation in the high background radiation area (HBRA) of Yangjiang and its control area of Enping.Methods A total of 112 houses in the HBAR and 147 houses in Enping were selected through multi-stage sampling. The in-room and at-gate γ radiation level swere measured by a survey meter(FH40G+FHZ672E-10). Meanwhile, the levels of outdoor γ radiation of selected villages were also measured.Results The indoor and outdoor γ radiation levels in the HBRA were (0.36±0.06) μSv/h and (0.16±0.06) μSv/h, while the levels in Enping were (0.13±0.05) μSv/h and (0.09±0.03) μSv/h, respectively. The levels of indoor and outdoor γ radiation in the HBRA are about 3 and 2 times of those in Enping, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant. The levels of indoor γ radiation in the HBRA were (0.34±0.05) μSv/h and (0.38±0.05) μSv/h for the new houses and the old houses, respectively. While the values in the control area were (0.18±0.02) μSv/h and (0.09±0.03) μSv/h, respectively. The differences between the new and old houses were both significant in the two areas.Conclusion The level of γ radiation in the HBRA of Yangjiang is much higher than that of control area, but the difference between the two areas is decreasing.
  • Investigation on outdoor level of short-lived radon prongeny in Xinzhen area, Beijing
    WANG Maozhi, PAN Ziqiang, LIU Senlin, CHEN Ling, LIU Yanyang
    2018, 27(5): 430-431,436. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.002
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    Objective To investigate the levels and variation of outdoor concentrations of short-lived radon progeny in Xinzhen district, Beijing, and to estimate the annual effective dose of local public exposed to outdoor radon progeny.Methods The concentration of radon progeny was measured with the BWLM-PLUS-S developed by Traclab, Germany, the NR-200A developed by University of South China, and the RPMD-SF01 developed by Peking University.Results The equilibrium equivalent concentration of outdoor radon was averaged to be 9.1 Bq/m3 during the measuring period, with a range from 0.4 Bq/m3 to 27.4 Bq/m3. The annual effective dose of outdoor radon progeny to the local public was 149 μSv, including 9 μSv of additional dose in haze days.Conclusion The concentration of outdoor short-lived radon progeny influenced by meteorological conditions, tends to be higher in the morning than in the afternoon, and appears to be higher in winter than in summer. The outdoor concentration is relatively high in haze days, and the additional annual effective dose of outdoor progeny to the local public during haze days accounts for about 6% of the total effective dose.
  • Influence of irradiation on the expression of MMP-2/9 and VEGF in IL-4 stimulated RAW264.7 cells
    LI Zhen, LI Hailiang, MENG Bin, SHANG Jie
    2018, 27(5): 432-436. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.003
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    Objective To study the effects of ionizing radiation on the secretion of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) by mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells, providing a basis for the study of prognostic factors of tumors.Methods The experiment was divided into two parts. In the first part, IL-4 was stimulated for 12 h after being irradiated by 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy X-rays for 24 h. The second part, RAW264.7 cells were irradiated by 0 Gy, 2 Gy, 5 Gy and 10 Gy X-rays for 3 h after being stimulated by IL-4.The expression of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF proteins in RAW264.7 cells were detected by Western blot.Results MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF expression increased with the increase of the dose in irradiation + IL-4 group (P<0.05), there was a dose-response relationship, and there was a strong correlation between MMP-2 and VEGF (P<0.001), as well asMMP-9 and VEGF (P<0.001).In the IL-4 + irradiation group, the expression levels of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF increased with the increase of the dose (P<0.05), there was a dose-response relationship, and there was a strong correlation between MMP-2 and VEGF (P<0.001), as well as MMP-9 and VEGF (P<0.001).Compared with the irradiation + IL-4 group, the increase of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF in the IL-4 + irradiation group was more significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Ionizing radiation can increase expression of MMP-2/9 and VEGF in mouse macrophage system RAW264.7 cells. Different irradiation methods had different effects on the expression of MMP-2/9 and VEGF in RAW264.7 cells, and this study provided a target for the treatment of tumors.
  • Effects of small dose accumulative γ-irradiation on the small molecular metabolites in rats urine
    ZHANG Huifang, REN Yue, WANG Hongli, HU bo, ZHANG Zhongxin, WANG Chao, GUO Yuefeng
    2018, 27(5): 437-441. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.004
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    Objective To observe the effects of accumulative Cs-137(137Cs) γ irradiation at small dose on small molecular metabolites in rats urine.Methods 40 specific pathogens free grade healthy male SD rats were divided into control group and irradiated group with 20 rats in each group. The irradiated group was irradiated by 137Cs γ-ray at absorbed dose rate of 0.353 mGy/min. The accumulated dose of every day was 0.083 3 mGy. The control group was not irradiated. Urine of irradiated group was collected at first day before irradiation and 3 rd, 6 th, 9 th, 12 th day after radiation commence. Urine of control group was collected at 6th day after radiation commence. The accumulated doses were 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 Gy consequently. Urine of control group and irradiated group were collected at the same time. Techniques of 1H-NMR combined with principal components analysis (PCA) and partial least square discriminate analysis(PLS-DA) were used to compare the metabolite disparity of different groups.Results The results demonstrated obviously differences in urine metabolites after irradiation. There were five kind common different metabolites at different dose. They were carbohydrate, citruline, taurine, citric acid and uracil accordingly. The relative contents of five metabolites at different dose group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). The relative contents of taurine has the positive proportion with accumulated dose, the dose-effect relationship was ŷ=0.004-0.015x+0.058x2(R20.8821).Conclusion There are some changes in small molecular metabolites about rats urine before and after small dose accumulative γ-irradiation.
  • Analysis on occupational health management of radiation workers in Gansu Province in 2016
    NIU Limei, LIU Gang, ZHANG Rong, LI Ye, WU Xiaoqin, LIU Yinyin
    2018, 27(5): 442-445. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.005
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    Objective To understand the status of occupational health management of radiation workers in Gansu province.Methods Collect relevant data through training, filling in questionnaire, supervision and inspection, etc., and use SPSS 19.0 software package for statistical analysis.Results There were 1 268 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions,5 240 radiation workers in 14 prefectures in the province. The personal dose monitoring rate was 72.18%, and the occupational health examination rate was 85.71%. The number of radiation workers in 91 surveillance hospitals was 1 987, and the individual monitoring rate in monitoring hospitals was 94.82%, and the occupational health examination rate was 89.33%. The individual monitoring rate and occupational health examination rate in different monitoring hospitals were statistically significant (χ2=55.445, P<0.05; χ2=46.531, P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the training rate of radiation workers at different monitoring hospitals (χ2=3.174, P>0.05). There was a statistical significance in the percentage of radiological staff at different monitoring hospitals (χ2=38.991,P<0.05).Conclusion The occupational health management of radiation workers in Gansu province is good, but the regional difference is obvious and needs to be improved continuously in the future work.
  • The health investigation of 916 radiation workers in Jinan, 2016
    YAN Ling, WANG Zhikui, LIU Xiaojuan
    2018, 27(5): 446-448. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.006
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    Objective study the occupational health status of radiation workers in Jinan in order to provide reliable scientific basis for future making health policy.Methods Basic information and related health indexes were collected from 916 radiation workers in Jinan, and all workers were grouped by gender, age, working age and type of work to analyzing the health status in different groups.Results The peripheral blood index, cardiovascular system index, rate of chromosome aberration and micronucleus of radiation workers were changed to some extent. The effect of radiation on workers was affected by gender, age, working age and type of work.Conclusion Ionizing radiation is harmful to radiation workers, some effective measures must be taken to promote the status.
  • Analysis of individual external radiation dose of radiation staff and status of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Luannan County in 2016
    MA Enhong, WANG Chunbo, FANG Yumei, ZHENG Yekun
    2018, 27(5): 449-451,454. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.007
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    Objective To investigate the individual external radiation dose level of radiation staff and the status of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Luannan County, andto provide basis evidence for evaluating the current radiation protection situation in workplace.Methods According to the requirements of the "Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure"(GBZ 128-2016), dose level of occupational external exposure of all medical and health institutions in Luannan county were measured by thermoluminescence dose method.Results There are 30 radiological diagnosis and treatment units and 146 radiological staff in luannan county. 131 people among the staff were monitored and the monitoring rate was 89.73%. The collective annual dose equivalent was 51.97 mSv, and the average annual dose equivalent was 0.40 mSv. Among the staff, the annual dose equivalent of 128 was less than 2 mSv/person, and the annual dose equivalent of other 3 people was between 2~5 mSv, accounting for 2.29%, the annual dose of all the people was less than 5 mSv. About average annual dose equivalent, it was 0.36 mSv in the county hospital, and 0.44 mSv in the township hospita and 0.34 mSv in the dental clinic and 0.31 mSv in the individual clinic. Among the radiation staff, mainly the general staff, were 97, accounting for 74.05%, and the average annual dose equivalent was 0.38 mSv; 19 people were engaged in the CT and their average annual dose equivalent was 0.50 mSv; 9 people were engaged in interventional radiology and the average annual dose equivalent was 0.24 mSv; 4 full-time dental staff and their average annual dose equivalent was 0.34 mSv; 2 radiation therapy staff and their average annual dose equivalent was 1.04 mSv; By comparison, the difference in average annual dose equivalent between radiotherapy and other radiological staff was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion The average annual effective dose of radiation staff in the county is far lower than the national standard limit, which indicates the radiation workplace environment is relatively safe.
  • Health monitoring analysis of 488 radiation workers in Lanzhou City
    GAO Jinxia, CHANG Xuhong, LIU Gang, LIU Yinyin, LI Sheng, WANG Yuhong, HAN Xiaoqin
    2018, 27(5): 452-454. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.008
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    Objective The aim of this study is to understand the effects of occupational exposure on health of radiation workers in lanzhou city, and to provide reference for health monitoring.Methods We collected the medical data of radiation workers in 2016 and analyzed different gender, age, type of work, routine blood, eye lens by SPSS 18.0 software.Results There had 488 physical examination worker in lanzhou city in 2016. There was no statistically significant difference between gender, length of service, unit level and the abnormal rate of red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, hemoglobin (P>0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the abnormal rate of leukocyte in different radiographs (P<0.05). The abnormal rate of liver function in man worker was higher than that of women (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in the abnormal rate of liver function between working age, unit level and work group. There was statistical significance for the difference of abnormal blood pressure between different working ages (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance between gender, working age, work type, unit level and electrocardiogram (P>0.05). There was statistical significance for the difference of intraocular lens abnormalities in different working ages (P<0.05). There was no statistical significance in the difference of electrocardiogram between sex, work type and unit level (P>0.05).Conclusion After long-term low-dose occupational exposure to radiation, workers had a certain influence on peripheral blood cells, blood pressure and eye crystals. There is a need protection measured for radiation workers.
  • Analysis on occupational radiation disease diagnosis in Guangdong Province in 2008-2017
    LI Mingfang, ZOU Jianming, ZHANG Sufen, HUANG Weixu, TAN Guangxiang
    2018, 27(5): 455-457,461. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.009
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    Objective To investigate the situation of diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases in Guangdong Province, analyze the occupational contact characteristics and the key control points of occupational exposure.Methods Analysis of 35 cases of applied occupational radiation diseases in Guangdong Province in 2008-2017 years.Results 10 cases were diagnosed as occupational radiation diseases, among this 8 cases as occupational radiation tumors. At the time of diagnosis their average age M(P0~P100) was 62.5 (42~76) years old and the radiation seniority was M(P0~P100) for 27.5 (5~33) years.The probability of causation (PC) value is between 26.34%~97.98and 95% confidence limit of PC value is greater than 50. 75% of the cases are miners and mineral treatment workers under the mine, who were exposed to γ、α、β rays in occupations. 2 cases were diagnosed as acute radioactive skin injury and mainly expose to γ、β rays in occupations. Two per capita is accidental exposure and unable to estimate the exact dose.Conclusion The knowledge, technical level and protection consciousness of some employing units and radiation workers need to be further improved, and the radiation protection training, especially the pre-service training, should be strengthened.
  • Radioactivity level and health risk assessment of artificial nuclide 137Cs in food in Guangxi Province
    ZHAO XinChun, FENG LanYing, MA YiLong, LEI JiaJie, LU XiuFang, CHEN ZhangFan, QIN ZhiYing, XIE Ping
    2018, 27(5): 458-461. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.010
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    Objective To investigate and master the radioactivity level of artificial radionuclide 137Cs in Guangxi food and estimate the committed effective dose of dietary intake in different populations and assess the health risk.Methods According to the national standards GB/T 16145-1995 "gamma ray spectrum analysis method for radionuclide in biological samples" and GB/T 11713-2015 "general method of gamma spectrometry analysis of high purified Ge", 202 samples of 7 categories (including grain, vegetables, seafood, freshwater fish, poultry meat, tea and milk powder)collected in Guangxi were monitored and determined. The data were compared and evaluated.Results The detection rate of 137Cs was 91.6% (185/202), the specific activity ranged from 0.011 to 0.931 Bq/kg (for fresh weight). The content of 137Cs in tea was the highest in the samples, and the mean value in tea was 0.263±0.067 Bq/kg and ranged from 0.164 to 0.735 Bq/kg. The average annual committed effective dose by 137Cs intake for school-age infants, children, young men/male adult and young women/female adults was 0.141μSv/a, 0.189μSv/a, 0.251μSv/a and 0.152 μSv/a, respectively. The risk of lifetime cancer caused by 137Cs intake was(0.74~1.33)×10-6.Conclusion 137Cs radioactivity level in Guangxi food is far below the national standard limit, the dose burden for the population is slight and it will not affect human health.
  • Investigation of knowledge about medical ionizing radiation among medical staff
    LIN Qingqing, KANG Fuxin
    2018, 27(5): 462-464. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.011
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    Objective To investigate the knowledge of medical radiation exposure among medical staff.Methods 150 medical personnel who worked in our hospital in June-2017 in June 2016 were selected to carry out a questionnaire survey on medical ionizing radiation related knowledge and cognitive level, and 100 nonmedical personnel were selected for the same period. The awareness of medical ionizing radiation, the perception of employment and medical personnel and nonmedicalpersonnel on medical electricity were compared and analyzed.Results The awareness rate of the basic knowledge of ionizing radiation of medical radiologists was 48%, the awareness rate of radiation hazard knowledge was 67.9%, the awareness rate of protective knowledge was 23.8% (P<0.05), and the ways of obtaining medical ionizing radiation are mainly professional books, followed by clinical practice, media coverage, network.As for non radiant people,the main ways to obtain medical ionizing radiation are media coverage and network (P<0.05). Among all medical personnel, the female medical personnel are not willing to be exposed to the higher proportion of the workers under ionizing radiation compared with the male medical personnel, and the medical personnel in the medical imaging department of different departments are reluctant to do so. Exposure to ionizing radiation accounted for a relatively high proportion of work (P<0.05).Conclusion The awareness of medical ionizing radiation related knowledge is not very high and lake of related knowledge. Therefore, the corresponding measures should be taken to strengthen the propaganda and popularization of medical radiation safety culture and education so as to promote the correct attitude of medical personnel to treatment of medical ionizing radiation.
  • A perliminary study on the radiation dose levels due to MDCT examination in Guangdong Province
    TAN Zhan, ZOU Jianming, HUANG Weixu, LONG Xuan, MA Rui
    2018, 27(5): 465-467,471. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.012
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    Objective To know the radiation dose levels subjects caused by MDCT examination in Guangdong Province.Methods A stratified random sampling method was used to investigate the medical exposure dose level by selected 24 MDCT machines in Guangdong Province.Results The adult's means weighted CT dose indices of head, chest, abdomen, spine, limbs and coronary head, chest, abdomen, spine, limbs and coronary were 44.5 mGy, 15.4 mGy, 20.0 mGy, 23.4 mGy, 16.9 mGy and 38.2 mGy,respectively, while the mean values for the corresponding dose length product were 776 mGy·cm, 482 mGy·cm, 693 mGy·cm, 691 mGy·cm, 539 mGy·cm, 1056 mGy·cm, respectively. The children's means weighted CT dose index for head, chest and abdomen were 20.9 mGy, 9.6 mGy and 15.1 mGy, respectively, while the mean values for the corresponding dose length product was 257 mGy·cm, 167 mGy·cm and 472 mGy·cm, respectively.Conclusion The survey data can promote the dose control of the subjects, so as to better promote the optimization of radiation protection.
  • Survey and analysis of the application frequency of radiotherapy in Jiangxi Province in 2016
    CHEN Qingfeng, ZHU Ruokai, CHEN Yishui, XU Yuping
    2018, 27(5): 468-471. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.013
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    Objective To understand the status of application frequency of radiotherapy in Jiangxi Province in 2016.Methods The different level hospitals were surveyed and analyzed in forms of questionnaires and on-site survey based on the typical sampling method.Results The top frequency of radiotherapy for females was urogenital neoplasms accounting for 47.40%, followed by thoracic tumors with 25.14%; while the top for males was thoracic tumors accounting for about 34.71%, followed by head and neck tumors with 34.46%. In the age of 0~15, radiotherapy was mainly applied for head and neck cancers accounting for 62.96%, followed by lymph and blood system tumor with 22.22%, for the group of 16~40 years old, the frequency accounted for 29.09% for head and neck tumors, followed by 23.85% and 17.22% for breast tumors and, urogenital neoplasms, respectively.; while in the age of older than 40, the frequency accounted for 30.59% for thoracic tumors, and 29.29% and 22.56% for urogenital neoplasms and head and neck tumors, respectively.Conclusion The application frequency of radiotherapy in Jiangxi Province increased rapidly compared to the Ninth Five-year Plan period. Therefore, appropriate allocation of radiotherapy equipment should be strengthened in order to make the full use of irradiation resources.
  • Investigation and analysis on the frequency and dose of medical exposure for radiologists in Langfang
    ZHANG Jie, GUO Yunfei, HUANG Jie, REN Yang, WANG Na, LI Shaojing, XU Ping, WANG Xinwei
    2018, 27(5): 472-475. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.014
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    Objective To understand the medical exposure frequency of and individual external exposure dose of various radiologists in different level hospitals of Langfang city, so as to evaluate the occupational health risk of radiologists and to provide technical basis for radiation protection.Methods The all medical exposure frequency and the external exposure personal dose of radiologists in 6 different level hospitals of Langfang in 2016 were investigated and the data were statistically analyzed.Results Among all 6 hospitals, the average number of medical exposures per person of radiological diagnostics workers in the third, second and first level hospitals was 4217, 3066, 883 respectively. The number of medical exposures per person of the interventional radiologists of the third, second level hospitals was 174, 115 respectively. The number of medical exposures per person for radiotherapy workers in the third level hospital was 30. The annual effective dose range of various kinds of radiologists was 0.78~1.29 mSv. The effective doses of single exposure for interventional, radiotherapy, dental and diagnostic radiation workers were 0.02~0.039 mSv, 0.038 mSv, 0.0013~0.0042 mSv, 0.00027~0.0023 mSv respectively.Conclusion The health risk of single exposure to ionizing radiation for radiologists engaged in intervention and radiotherapy is much higher than that of other radiologists. The interventional and radiotherapy workers and low-level hospitals should be given more attention to strengthen radiation protection.
  • Detection and analysis of the quality control for 78 CT machines in Nanyang City
    LI Shizheng, CHU Caifang, LI Qingxin, PENG Yang, YAN Yijie
    2018, 27(5): 476-478. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.015
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    Objective To know the current quality situation of CT machines in this city based on image quality control testing of 78 CT machines and to explore its countermeasures according to the existing problems.Methods The CT machines were tested and evaluated according to GB/T 17589-2011 "X-ray computed tomography device quality assurance testing specifications".Results Among 78 CT machines, the 64 were qualified for all 10 indicators, the qualified rate was 82.05%, 14 CT machines have some unqualified indications.Conclusion The overall performance of these sampling CT machines is good.however, the indifference to the quality control of the radiological diagnosis and treatment insitutions should be the main reason for the unqualified quality control test of CT. Radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions should do a good job in the procurement process of CT machines and preventive maintenance work in the process of using.
  • Study on level and control measures about typical value of entrance surface air kerma rate for routine radioscopy in Fuzhou
    WANG Xintao, ZHENG Senxing, LIN Yan, LIU Xiangquan, SHI Wenhua, SU Danhua, LIU Wen
    2018, 27(5): 479-482. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.016
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    Objective To research the level of the typical air kerma rates of incidence body surface using conventional medical X-ray perspective examination machine in Fuzhou, and to study the control measures, protect the health rights of the examinee.Methods Referring to "Specifications for quality control of image in conventional medical X-ray diagnostic equipment" (WS 76-2011), the level of the typical the air kerma rate of the incidence body surface using conventional medical X-ray perspective examination machine were investigated and evaluated, and the control measures were followed up.Results A total of 87 X-ray image intensifier fluoroscopy machines were investigated, the results show there are 22 machines which of typical values of the kerma rate of the incident surface air were over 25mGy/min, and 17 machines were intervened. 5 machines were repaired, and 5 machines were operated by "high voltage, low current, thick filter" method, then their typical kerma rate of the incident surface were reduced to less than 25 mGy/min. In addition, there were 4 machines to be shut down And 3 new machines to be replaced.Conclusion Strengthening supervision and management, training radiation workers, strengthening health awareness of radiation protection, carrying out quality control inspection, repairing and replacing the perspective machines in time, using reasonable operation methods such as "high voltage, low current, thick filtration" are the main measures to control the typical air kerma rate of the incident surface for perspective examiner.
  • The measurement of the depth dose distribution of proton beam using the PEAKFINDER
    LI Mingsheng, YUAN Jilong, JIANG Qinghuan, CHENG Jinsheng
    2018, 27(5): 483-485,489. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.017
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    Objective To measure the depth dose distribution of proton under spot scanning in water, testing the reproducibility of the depth of maximum dose value and depth of penetration.Methods Measure the depth dose distribution of proton in low、middle and high energy scope with the PEAKFINDER, get the depth distribution curve.Results The maximum standard deviation of repeatability of maximum dose value and penetration depth is 0.05mm and 0.03mm, respectively, which is lower than the permitted value 1mm.Conclusion The reproducibility and precision of the depth of maximum dose value and depth of penetration fulfill the testing request of PEAKFINDER.
  • Monitoring results of the external individual dose of radiation workers in Shijiazhuang in 2016
    ZHANG Yuanyuan, CHEN Yan, SHI Zhenxiang, ZHANG Weijia, ZHOU Jing, MENG Yuejie, JIANG Lihong, LIU Yong
    2018, 27(5): 486-489. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.018
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    Objective Through analysis of external individual doses to radiation workers in medical system in Shijiazhuang in 2016, to find the problems in individual monitoring so as to provide related proposals to further standardize the wearing of personal dosimeters for radiation workers.Methods According to the requirements of the Specification for Individual Monitoring of Occupational External Radiation (GBZ 128-2016), the LiF(Mg, Cu, P) thermoluminescence dosimeter was used to monitor the external individual dose of radiation workers by Shijiazhuang Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital, and relevant data in 2016 were collected and statistically analyzed.Results A total of 3749 radiation workers were monitored, and the effective monitoring rate was 63%. The per capita annual dose equivalent of 2362 radiation workers was 1.55 mSv/a, and the highest value of 1.82 mSv/a was found in nuclear medicine workers. There was overlap in the 95% confidence interval of the effective dose for different types of radiation workers, the relative expanded uncertainty were all around 14%, and the difference of individual dose was statistically significant among different working types (P<0.01).Conclusion The level of individual dose for radiation workers in medical system in Shijiazhuang City in 2016 basically met the requirements of national standard. However, the individual monitoring should be further strengthened for the nuclear medicine and interventional radiology staff.
  • Analysis of the total α and total βactivity in airborne aerosols in haze weather
    ZHUANG Jiayi, YAO Zhiyang, TAO Yi, NI Haiping
    2018, 27(5): 490-491,495. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.019
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    Objective To understand and analyze aerosol radiation levels under hazy weather and normal weather in Lianyungang City.Methods The total α and β activity levels of airborne aerosol samples were monitored in haze days and non-haze days. A total of 44 samples were collected in the whole year.Results There was no statistically significant difference of the annual averages of total α or β activity between the haze days and non-haze days (P>0.05). In the spring and winter, the total α activity in the aerosol was higher than that of the autumn, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion On averages, there was no significant change of the total α or β activity in aerosols throughout a year, but the total α activity in the spring and winter seems higher than that in autumn. The radioactivity level in airborne aerosols in Lianyungang area was not abnormal.
  • Investigation of radioactivity levels of surface water and dringking water in Beijing from 2011 to 2017
    WANG Huan, SUN Yaru, KONG Yuxia, CUI Limeng, MA Yongzhong
    2018, 27(5): 492-495. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.020
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    Objective To investigate the radioactivity level and its distribution in surface water and drinking water in Beijing from 2011 to 2017 for better launching the program of monitoring and assessment of water.Methods 551 water samples including 287 surface water and 264 drinking water were collected from 16 districts. The gross α, gross β of these samples were measured by using the BH1217B dual-channel low α/β measuring instrument.Results The gross α, gross β of surface water and drinking water in Beijing from 2011 to 2017 were averaged to be 0.082, 0.230, 0.090 and 0.090 Bq/L, respectively. The level of gross α in drinking water was higher than that in surface water. The level of gross β in surface water was higher than that in drinking water. The difference of gross α activity from 2011 to 2017 in surface water was statistically significant. The difference of gross β activity from 2011 to 2017 in surface water was not statistically significant. The difference of gross α and gross β activity from 2011 to 2017 in drinking water were statistically significant respectively.Conclusion The radioactivity level in surface water and drinking water in Beijing from 2011 to 2017 are in a normal background level.
  • Monitoring and analysis of radon concentrations in an underground air-raid shelters in Guang zhou
    ZHANG Jingbo, WANG Chang, MO Sufang, LI Jinrong
    2018, 27(5): 496-498. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.021
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    Objective To acquaint the level of 222Rn concentrations and its behavior in an underground air-raid shelters in Guangzhou.Methods 222Rn concentrations were monitored by the RAD7, and the annual effective dose from 222Rn and its progeny was roughly estimated.Results The daytime averaged 222Rn concentration were 106.7 Bq/m3, 98.4 Bq/m3, 129.0 Bq/m3 and 111.1 Bq/m3 in the command center, wireless communication room, the central main channel and warehouse area channel,respectively, with an average of 111.0 Bq/m3. The personnel's annual effective dose from 222Rn and its progeny was estimated to be 0.400 mSv/a.Conclusion 222Rn concentration and its behavior differs from workplace, ventilation,drainage system or other human activities.
  • Study on the environmental impact of the I-131 treatment in clinical nuclear medicine
    YAN Yuan, JIN Xiao
    2018, 27(5): 499-501. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.022
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    Objective To master the release source and key release pathways of the I-131 treatment site, and to give the annual normalized discharge by cases and public collective dose within 80 km.Methods According to monitored data of in-site samples, the annual normalized discharge by cases of the chimney discharge is derived. Using the Screen3 program and AirDos program, the public doses are calculated.Results The annual average case normalized discharge amount from chimney is 6.6E+06 Bq/a. The annual release of radioactive gases from unorganized release is 1.4E+07Bq/a. For the maximum individual dose of the four major regions:the northern coast, the southern coast, the northern inland and the southern inland, dose of the child is the greatest among the different age groups. Individual dose in case of the 20m release height is six times higher than that in case of 50m release height,and it is twice in collective dose.Conclusion It is recommended that the regulatory authorities should pay attention to the changes of airborne I-131 concentration in the environmental sensitive points and the effectiveness of the radioactive airborne effluent filtration system. When a hospital conducts a site selection and design of a radionuclide treatment facility, it should be located in the downwind direction of the dominant wind direction and stayed away from children and maternity wards.
  • The feasibility study of ATCM combined with ASiR-V technique to detect the pulmonary GGO nodules with a diameter around 10 mm using ultra-low dose CT
    Wang Naiwu, Han Wenjuan, Li Qingguo, Li Ying, Yang Chenxiao, Jia Shouqiang, Wang Junxin
    2018, 27(5): 502-506. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.023
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    Objective To investigate the feasibility of ATCM combined with ASiR-V technique for ultra-low-dose CT examination and to determine the optimal level of ASiR-V for displaying pulmonary ground-glass-opacity nodules (GGO) with a diameter around 10mm.Methods Three GGO of diameter 12 mm, 10 mm and 8mm were randomly placed in a chest phantom. The chest phantom was scanned on a Revolution CT and ATCM at a high noise index(NI=35 Hu), with different levels of ASiR-V (0%、20%、40%、60%、80%、100%). Scanning parameters included:tube voltage 120 kVp,Helical scan,GP:0.5s,SPR:0.992:1. Images were reconstructed by standard algorithm with slice thickness of 5mm. The background image noise of the three nodules was measured as the average of the standard deviations of ROIs (≧1.0 cm2) placed in the heart as the same slice. CT dose index (CTDIvol) and dose length product (DLP) were measured and effective radiation dose (ED) was calculated. Objective analysis and subjective evaluation was done with image quality and radiation dose. Image noise with different nodules at different weighted levels was compared with Single factor ANOVA and correlation analysis by using SPSS 20.0 statistical software. Subjective evaluation was performed by two radiologists using a 5-point scale, and Kappa test was used to examine the agreement of the two readers.Results NI=35Hu.With the increase of prescribed ASiR-V weight, the tube current decreased(16~34 mA,11~24 mA,9~15 mA,9~10 mA,9 mA,9 mA),and ED decreased (0.62 mSv,0.44 mSv,0.30 mSv,0.25 mSv,0.24 mSv,0.24 mSv). The image background noises (SD) at the slice of the three nodules (12mm,10mm,8mm) were (0% ASiR-V,21.33±1.88;20%ASiR-V,21.27±1.43;40% ASiR-V,19.30±1.90;60%ASiR-V,13.73±1.36;80%ASiR-V,10.63±0.45;100%ASiR-V,9.70±0.82),the SD decreased(P<0.05). Two physicians had good agreement on subjective scores (K=0.75). The subjective scores with the increase of ASiR-V were 4.50、4.50、4.67、5.00、4.16、3.50. The highest subjective score was with 60% ASiR-V.Conclusion Radiation dose and image noise can be significantly reduced by using ATCM combined with ASiR-V technique on Revolution CT, and Image quality meets the requirement of clinic diagnosis. Ultra-low-dose scanning using NI=35 combined with 60% ASiR-V is the optimal scanning parameters for the GGO nodules with a diameter around 10 mm.
  • The application of digital radiography in pneumoconiosis screening
    QU Liangyong, YUAN Cuihong, NIU Jianwu, LIU Jing
    2018, 27(5): 507-510. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.024
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    Objective To compared the performance of pneumoconiosis diagnosis with high kVp film-screen radiography (FSR) and digitized radiography (DR) in terms of image quality, radiation dose, high quality rate, and positive detection rate, and to provide scientific evidence for there placement of traditional high-kV photography by DR in pneumoconiosis screening.Methods To compare the objective image quality, low-contrast-detail phantoms were radiographed using traditional high kVp FSR and digital DR respectively. 120 patient were selected to come to our hospital for pneumoconiosis screening whose chest radiographs acquired by kVp FSR and digital DR, and the image qualities were compared based on the Appendix C of the National Occupational Hygiene Standard of China (Diagnosis of Occupational Pneumoconiosis GBZ70-2015). In addition, retrospective statistics of the positive rate of pneumoconiosison DR and FSR chest radiographs were carried out.Results The IQFinv of high-kilovolt mode photography and digital DR mode photography were 1.41 and 2.58, respectively. The excellent rate for the DR chest radiography group and the high kVp FSR chest radiography group were 82.50% and 68.83%, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between DR and FSR in terms of image quality while no difference in the efficiency of pneumoconiosis screening was observed.Conclusion The image quality of DR chest radiographs is significantly higher than that of traditional high kVp FSR radiographs, while the diagnostic consistency between these two modalities is very good. Therefore, digital radiography can be used for occupational health screening of dust workers.
  • Study on phase locking ring in new ultrasonic generator
    WEI Qian, CHENG Zhixin, HAN Aimin
    2018, 27(5): 511-512. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.025
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    Objective Track the resonance frequency of the transducer by using the technique of phase lock loop to make the transducer work normally and stably in the resonant state.Methods Based on the tracking method of phase difference,the sampling voltage and sampling current are measured,compared, and shaped by the phase detection circuit to assure the phase of the sampling signal in the same position,and the phase difference to be zero.Results The detection circuit designed in this work uses the oscilloscope to detect the voltage current signal in real time,and the voltage current signal is in the same phase to realize the frequency automatic tracking function.Conclusion The system design is simple and stable,and can be applied to the frequency automatic tracking system of low frequency ultrasonic equipment.
  • Imaging diagnosis of Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome: a report of two cases with literature reviews
    MA Aidong, SHI Dongmei, ZHANG Qianli
    2018, 27(5): 513-516. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.026
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    Objective This study aimed to improve the diagnosis and management of PJS.Methods The clinical data and imaging findings of two PJS cases were retrospectively analyzed.Results Both cases were clinically diagnosed as Peutz-Jeghers syndrome with a history of abdominal pain, secondary intussusception of the small intestine polyps and intestinal obstruction, and one of the cases complicated with breast cancer and uterus diseases. The imaging findings consistent with the clinical manifestations.Conclusion Patients with PJS usually present hematochezia, abdominal pain, bowel obstruction. They also have an increasing risk of developing cancer or transformation to malignant polyps in the gastrointestinal tract and other organs. Imaging finding and clinical features of PJS have certain characteristics. Surgical resection may appropriately be used for the patients with polyps.
  • The comparison of the quality for 18F-FDG synthesized by two kind of FDG modules
    ZHOU Wenshan, DENG Pengyi
    2018, 27(5): 517-520. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.027
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    Objective To compare the quality of 18F-FDG synthesized by Sumitomo F300E module and domestic PET-FDG-IT-N modules which used different synthesis progress.Methods 18F-FDG samples synthesized by the two modules were randomly chose and the quality of the 18F-FDG samples was determined according to the method stipulated in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2015. The pH values of samples were measured by precision pH test paper. The radiochemical purities of samples were measured by thin layer chromatography. The amino polyether (K2.2.2) concentrations chloroplatinic acid indicator strips. The organic solvents concentrations of samples were measured by gas chromatography.Results All indicators of 18F-FDG samples synthesized by both Sumitomo F300E and domestic PET-FDG-IT-N modules fitted the standard of Chinese Pharmacopoeia (version 2015). The pH values of samples were about 6.0~6.5 (standard value:5.0~8.0). The radiochemical purities of all samples were above 99% (standard value: ≥ 90%). The residue of K2.2.2 was significantly lower than the standard of 50 g/mL. The average residue of acetonitrile(g/mL) synthesized by the two modules were (0.014±0.003)% and (0.016±0.003%), respectively, and there was no statistical difference (P=0.39) and the standard was below 0.0041%. The average residue of ethanol (g/mL) of samples synthesized by F300E module was (0.101±0.016)%, which was higher than samples synthesized by PET-FDG-IT-N module (0.023±0.016)%, g/mL, P=0.000). However, the ethanol concentrations of all samples were fitted standard (<0.5%). Acetone residues were not detected in all samples.Conclusion Although synthesis processes of the two modules were different, the quality of 18F-FDG synthesized by them fitted the Chinese Pharmacopoeia standard of 2015 edition.
  • 131I Labeling of Ribrinogen
    CHEN Rui, SUN Ziping
    2018, 27(5): 521-522. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2018.05.028
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    Objective A simple and efficient method for protein radioactive iodine labeling was proposed by studying the retention time of 131I-fibrinogen in vivo.Methods Iodogen was used to mark the 131I for fibrinogen, sampling and determining the marking rate and biological activity.Results After 20 minutes of reaction, the marker rates were 89.2%, 88.4% and 88.7% for 5 μg, 10 ug and 20 μg of Iodogen oxidants, respectively. using,. By using 10 μg of Iodogen oxidants, the mark rates were 64.3%, 89.6% and 88.2%, and the biologically active rates were 86.1%, 84.7% and 85.5% after 5 minutes, 15 minutes and 30 minutes of reactions, respectively.Conclusion By using Iodogen as an oxidant, one step reaction can obtain the fibrinogen iodide marker. Both the marking rate and the biologically active rate are close to 90%.