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  • 28 February 2013 Volume 22 Issue 1
      
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  • Determination of Thorium in Soil by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Study of Thorium Memory Effect in Analysis
    GUO Zhi-ying, LIANG Yue-qin, CUI Xiao-lei, YU Shui
    2013, 22(1): 1-4,7. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2013.01.003
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    Objective A method involving microwave digestion and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) analysis was established for the determination of thorium in soil. Thorium memory effect in analysis and the method to eliminate the memory effect were studied. Methods Pt was confirmed as the internal standard to compensate matrix influence. Three kinds of solutions containing different concentration of Th were analyzed respectively, to study the thorium memory effect, and to find the rinse solutions to eliminate the thorium memory effect. Results The higher content of thorium in solution, the better obvious memory effect became. Addition of nitric acid to rinse solution eliminated the Th memory effect, and blank level counts were achieved after 1.5min wash-outs with 5% (V/V) HNO3. Detection limit for thorium was 0.6 μg/L, and the recovery ranged from 89.5% to 102.9%. The cps ratio of Th and Pt is linear with the thorium concentration (r=0.9999). The accuracy of this method is corrected using standard soils, and the analytical results are in good agreement with certified values by RSD < 3%. The thorium contents in nine kinds of soils in China had been determined with the developed method, and the contents ranged from 2.48 mg/kg to 8.02 mg/kg. Conclusion The analysis method to determine the thorium concentration in the soil turns out to be accurate, sensitive and efficient. During determination of thorium concentration the memory effect could be found, and 5% nitric acid would be useful for eliminating it. The thorium concentration in nine kinds of soils in China detected using the method was all in normal range.
  • Theory Model and Application Research of Biological Effects of Radiation Unity in Diversity Radiation Biological Effects
    SUN Hua-bin, YU Xiu-xin
    2013, 22(1): 5-7. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2013.01.017
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    Objective Try to put forward of the radiation dose biological effects theory of radiation biological effects diversity, a unified whole dose radiation biological effects theory model, quantitative description and explain the diversity of biological effect of radiation. Methods Based on the summary of six princples of radiation dose biological effects theory, establish the unified uniform dose radiation biological effects theory model. Results Having put forward radiation biological effects diversity of radiation dose biological effects theory and set up eight radiation dose biological effects equation, the diversity of biological effects of radiation can be described quantificationally and explained. Conclusions The establishment of radiation dose biological effects theory and the theory model, quantitative description and interpretation of radiation dose biological effects:general damage effects, low dose hormesis effect, bystander effect and hyper-radiosensitivity. The theory and theoretical model is suitable for the other generalized stimulation:physical factors, chemical factors and biological factors, psychological factors, drugs, toxicans, information isodose biological effects relations, which can be called generalized stimulus dose biological effect theory model, which is of important academic significance and application value.
  • γ Dose Rate Level in Terrestrial Field Environment from 1995 to 2008
    HU Xiao-yan, LIU Hong-shi, XIANG Yuan-yi, LU Yue-ping, HE Bi-sheng, ZHOU Yan
    2013, 22(1): 8-11. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2013.01.004
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    Objective To further understand the level and the distribution of the natural γ radiation dose rate in terrestrial field environment in China. Methods Collect the γ dose rate data from published books, journals and bulletins, then check, analyz, and rearrange these data to summarize the γ radiation dose rate level in terrestrial field environment of 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities from 1995 to 2008. Results The instantaneous γ dose rate in terrestrial field environment in 30 provinces from 1995 to 2008 is in the range of 46.3~98.1 nGy/h, the arithmetic mean value is about 62.3 nGy/h. The γ radiation dose rate level in south of the Yangtze fields(63.9 nGy/h) is slightly larger than the north of the Yangtze(60.6 nGy/h). According to the environmental instantaneous γ radiation level, except slightly higher in the South China region, in the north, east, central, southwest and northwest areas it is at the same level. Conclusion In China, the instantaneous γ radiation dose rate of terrestrial field environment from 1995 to 2008 is close to the background value during 1983 to 1990(62.8 nGy/h), and there is no significant change by years. The γ radiation dose rate of each region/province are at the same level.
  • The Radioactive Injury of Different Doses with a Single Electronic Ray Lrradiation on Rat Kidney
    ZHOU Yan, CAO Yong-zhen, MAO Yu, ZHANG Yin-ling, ZHANG Wen-xue, GENG Kai, WANG Ke-qiang
    2013, 22(1): 11-14. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2013.01.057
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    Objective To investigate the impact of single electronic ray irradiation on renal damage in rats so as to provide a reference for its clinical application. Methods A total of 120 SD rats were equally randomized to five groups as control, 8, 10, 12 and 15 Gy. Corresponding doses were offered. Renal functions were examined at the 1st,3rd,6th,9th month after radiation. Morphological changes were observed by HE staining. Results Compared to control group,renal index of ≥ 8 Gy groups significantly reduced in 9th month; Scr,BUN and UP/UC of different radiation groups were increased at different time points,which can indicate the renal function declined. In all irradiation groups,pathological changes of different degree can be seen in 9th month. Conclusions The single radiation from 8 to 15 Gy may cause radiation damage in the following 9 months to rat kidney, which is dose and time-dependent.
  • Analysis and Estimate of Target Parameter in Transmission X-ray Tube
    CAO Qin-qin, JIN Chuan, REN Xiang, SHA Jing-tian
    2013, 22(1): 15-17. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2013.01.016
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    Objective To analyse the variation of eight kinds of eight kinds X-ray emitting efficiency with the target thickness and X-ray tube voltage transmission targets. Methods Keeping stable the target thickness and distance between source and detector, X-ray emitting efficiency of different target thickness is calculated by using the MCNP software for eight kinds of targets when the tube voltage is 10kV, 20kV,30kV,40kV,50kV,60kV. Results Maximum X-ray emitting efficiency and optimal target thickness is made certain for the eight kinds targets of 24Cr、29Cu、42Mo、45Rh、47Ag、74W、79Au、82Pb on six kinds of tube voltage. Conclusion X-ray emitting efficiency will increase at first and then decrease and it will to be maximized with the optimal target thickness. Emitting efficiency and optimal target thickness will increase with the increase of the tube voltage increase, but the would be different for different targets.
  • Effect of γ-ray Irradiation With Different Dosage on the Expression of BMPR2 in Human Hepatocytes
    LI Jian-guo, YIN Jing-jing, YUAN Hui, QIN Xiu-jun, ZHANG Wei, WEN Jian-hua
    2013, 22(1): 18-21. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2013.01.058
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    Objective To investigate the effect of irradiation of different dosage and different time on the expression of bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2) in Human Hepatocytes, and provide evidence for early damage of hepatocyte. Methods The human hepatocytes were irradiated with 60Co γ-ray at 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 Gy, BMPR2 expression was detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR after irradiation 6, 12 and 24h. Results Melting curve of β-actin gene and BMPR2 with different dosage and time was the single peak, which means the specific ampliations. Relative quantitative ratio of different dosage irradiated 6 h lower than 1 showed down-regulated. Ratio of irradiated 12 h greater than 1 showed up-regulated. Irradiation 24 h, 0.2 and 2.0 Gy showed down-regulated, and 0.1, 0.5, 1 and 4 Gy showed up-regulated. Conclusion BMPR2 does not show dose-effect relationship irradiated by different dosage, but shows obviously differential expression with different time.