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  • 28 March 2011 Volume 20 Issue 1
      
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  • Overview on the Gross α,Gross β Survey Data in the Nationwide Drinking Water
    YIN Liang-liang, JI Yan-qin, SHEN Bao-ming, ZHOU Qiang, FAN Yao-hua, SU Xu
    2011, 20(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.036
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    Objective To investigate the distribution of gross α, gross β radioactivity concentrations data in drinking water in China. Methods Nearly 5 000 data during 1962~2007 involving 27 provinces and 4 municipalities from published books, journals, bulletins (before 2010) were collected, to establish the database of the gross α, gross β radioactivity concentrations,presenting a review on the gross α, gross β radioactivity concentrations value in drinking water according to the time and sample types. Results The range of gross α (mean) was 0~1.23 Bq/L and the range of gross β (mean), 0.02~0.67 for 20 provinces in 1980~2005. The range of gross α (mean) and gross β (mean) were 0-0.08 Bq/L, 0.02~0.46 Bq/L, respectively for 14 cities during 1964~2005. The range of gross α (mean) and gross β (mean) were 0.01~0.25 Bq/L, 0.04~1.22Bq/L, respectively for 18 cities in 1964~2004. Conclusion In China, the drinking water in most regions are safe on the radioactivity under the WHO as well as the national guideline. The radioactivity concentration in drinking water in western provinces are higher than its in south-eastern provinces. The gross α and gross β were the highest during 1960' s,becoming decreased in 1980' s, and then keep to a steady state up to now.
  • Determination of Urine Samples in the Vicinity of Qinshan Nuclear Power Plants by ICP-MS
    TIAN Qing, JI Yan-qin, HUANG Wei, YING Liang-liang, XUAN Zhi-qiang, LI Xin-xing, YU Shun-fei, FAN Yao-hua, SU Xu
    2011, 20(1): 6-8. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.002
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    Objective To obtain the basic data of the trace elements in urines of the residents in the vicinity of Qinshan nuclear power plants. Methods The urine samples of 35 healthy adults, who were long-term residents in the vicinity of nuclear power plants,were collected in ZheJiang province. Inductively coupled plasma mass spcctrometry (ICP-MS) was applied to the determination of U, Th, Rb, Cs, Sr, As, Pb, Ba, Co, Tl and Cd by using Bi and In as internal standard. Instrumental operating parameters were optimized. The detection limit range was 0.002~0.046μg/L. The recovery range was 91.4%-18.8%. It indicated that the method was accurate. Results The results show as followed:U:0.07μg/L (< DL~0.97 μg/L); Th:0.54μg/L (0.45~0.76μg/L); Rb:2736.06μg/L (610.80~7174.71μg/L); Cs:11.30μg/L (2.60~24.02 μg/L); Sr:480.07 μg/L (129.79~1275.89μg/L); As:124.57μg/L (13.63~501.21μg/L); Pb:31.10μg/L (3.85~235.04 μg/L); Ba:16.35 μg/L (1.64~82.64 μg/L); Co:0.82 μg/L (< DL~3.41 μg/L); Tl:0.34 μg/L (< DL~1.87 μg/L); Cd:1.23 μg/L (< DL~8.28 μg/L). Conclusion The results of this study were higher than the results for Chinese adult men.
  • Effects of Adenovirus-mediated IL-21 Gene Vector with γ-ray Radiation on Growth of Cervical Carcinoma Cells
    SHAO Ying, CAO Yong-zhen, LI Jin, et al
    2011, 20(1): 15-16. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.055
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    Objective To study the effect of inhibition on the growth of cervical carcinoma cells by introduction of foreign IL -21 gene vector with γ-ray. Methods The recombinant IL -21 gene adenovirus vector was transfected into cervical carcinoma cell line Hela. Hela cells were irradiated with 6Gy 137Cs γ-ray after 6 hours transfection The cells growth curve and cells cycle of Hela cells were detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry respectively. Results The growth of Hela cells transfected with Ad-IL -21, radiation and Ad-IL -21 combined with radiation group was all inhibited. The group of Ad-IL -21 combined with radiation resulted in greater inhibition of cells growth, reaching 44%, compared with Ad-IL-21 infection and radiation group. Cells of G1 phases of Hela cells for Ad-IL-21 combined with radiation group were the highest, reaching 88.9%, while those of S phases were the lowest, reaching 1%. Conclusion Ad-IL-21 gene transfer combined with radiation show synergism for the inhibition of cervical cancer Hela cells growth.
  • Effects of GADD45A Gene Expression in SD Rats'Peripheral Blood after 137Cs γ-ray Chronic Irradiation
    ZUO YA-hui, DANG XU-hong, DUAN ZHI-kai, et al
    2011, 20(1): 17-19. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.063
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    Objective To explore the changes of GADD45A gene expression in SD rats' peripheral blood induced by 137Cs γ ray chronic irradiation. Methods SD rats were exposed to 0.05~5Gy 137Cs γ ray and changes of GADD45A gene in SD rats' peripheral blood were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR. Results After irradiation, the expression of GADD45A gene in rats' peripheral blood up-regulated generally compared with the control. Specifically, from 0.05Gy to 0.4Gy, the expression of GADD45A gene decreased with the increase of irradiation dose. And from 0.4Gy to 5Gy, the expression of GADD45A gene increased with different degree compared with the control. Conclusion 137Cs γ ray chronic irradiation can induce the changes of GADD45A gene expression in SD rats' peripheral blood, and the gene expression level was up-regulated generally.
  • Effect of ErbB2 RNAi on the Content of Reactive Oxygen Species And the DNA Damage in Glioma U251 Cell
    GAO Ling, LI Feng-sheng, DONG Bo, CHEN Xiao-hua
    2011, 20(1): 20-22. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.057
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    Objective This study was conduced to investigate the effect of ErbB2 RNAi on the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the DNA damage in glioma cells (U251 cells) and the cell cycle distribution. Methods After the U251 cells were transfected with ErbB2 RNAi plasmid (pSilencer2.1-ErbB2), the levels of ROS and malondialdehyde (MDA) in cells were detected at different time point. The DNA damage in transfected U251 cells was also detected using single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE) assay at different time points. The cell cycle distribution of transfected U251 cells was examined using PI staining. Results The level of ROS remained unchanged in U251 cells up to 48h after transfection with pSilencer2.1-ErbB2. The content of MDA also remained unchanged up to 24h after transfection. however, 48h after transfection with pSilencer2.1-ErbB2, the content of MDA increased significantly, and,recoveried to the normal level 72h after transfection with pSilencer2.1-ErbB2. Furthermore, the DNA damage and recovered the cell cycle derangement were observed in U251 cells after transfection with pSilencer2.1-ErbB2. Conclusion The inhibition of ErbB2 resulted in the change of oxidoreduction status in U251 cells, as well as the damage and reparation of DNA.
  • Calculation of the Effective Dose for the Radiological Emergency in Bisection Technique
    LI Ming-sheng, OU Xiang-ming, NIU Hao-wei, CHENG Jin-sheng
    2011, 20(1): 23-25. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.013
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    Objective To calculate the organ dose and the effective dose quickly. Methods Calculate the transfer coefficient of organ dose in Geant4,and interpolate the coefficient in bisection technique, then get the effective dose under certain radiological conditions. Results The program can calculate the organ dose and effective dose, the calculation results tested and verified with Geant4 results. Conclusion The present software can calculate the organ dose and effective dose quickly and accurately
  • Study of Analog Measurement Dose Distribution of 125I Seed Source
    MA Rui, YUAN Shu-yu, KONG Ling-hai, et al
    2011, 20(1): 26-27. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.014
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    Objective To study the dose distribution of 125I seed source in the muscle tissue equivalent materials model. Methods Developing muscular tissue equivalent model, and studying radiation dose distribution of 125I seed source in two-dimensional radial with the method of thermoluminescence dosimetry and the theoretical formula (calculation method) recommended by American Association of Physicists in Medicine Report of Working Group 43 (AAPM TG-43). Results At 0.5cm point, When the angle is 0°、45°、90°、135°、180°、225°、270°、315°,TLD measured dose rate is 9.61, 5.72,9.33, 5.05,10.65,5.15,10.7,5.74 cGyh-1, Theoretical calculation is 3.94 cGyh-1. There is a good agreement between The TLD measured and theoretically calculated result. Conclusions The radial dose of 125I seed is attenuated very rapidly with radial distance.
  • Effect of Ionizing Radiation on Levels of Element and Androgenic Hormone in Mouse Blood
    XU Jia-ying, QIN Li-qiang, WANG Xiao-ping, et al
    2011, 20(1): 28-29. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.064
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    Objective To investigate the effect of ionizing radiation on levels of element and androgenic hormone in mouse blood. Methods Wistar rats were exposed to 5Gy irradiation and the levels of Ca, P, K, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn in blood and plasma, and testosterone and dihydro testosterone in plasma were determined after 0.5h, 4h and 24h. Results After 0.5h of exposure, the blood levels of Mg significantly decreased and Cu significantly increased (P < 0.05). After 24h, the blood levels of Fe was significantly higher in the irradiation group than in the control group; while, its plasma levels was significantly lower in the irradiation group (P < 0.05). After 0.5h and 4h, the plasma levels of testosterone was significantly lower in the irradiation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Some elements and hormone were affected by ionizing radiation. The mechanism and application value should be further studied.
  • Study of Uranium Concentration and 235U/238U Isotopic Ratio in Nine Kinds of Soils in China
    GUO Zhi-ying, LIANG Yue-qin, LI Juan, et al
    2011, 20(1): 30-32. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.032
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    Objective The uranium concentration and235U/238U isotopic ratio in nine kinds of typical soils in China were determined by different digestions followed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technology. Methods To prepare the soil samples with microwave digestion, ashing method and the hot acid-dissolution method separately, and the uranium concentration and 235U/238U isotopic ratio in soil samples are detected simultaneously using ICP-MS. Uranium concentration and235U/238U ratio of China's nine typical soils are detected by the above-mentioned method. Results When uranium concentration between 0 and 400 μg/kg, the cps ratio of U and Pt is linear with the uranium concentration (r=0.9 999). Comparing with different soil pretreatment methods, the test results have good agreement with certified values by microwave digestion method with HNO3 + HF + H2O2 (relative error is 5.2%). Uranium recovery is 100.6%~109.0%, and the method detection limit is 0.86 ng/kg. The uranium concentrations in nine kinds of soils in China are 1.2~4.0 mg/kg. The 235U/238U isotopic ratio of them is close to the natural 235U/238U ratio (0.00725). Conclusion The analysis method to determine the uranium concentration and 235U/238U isotopic ratio in the soil turns out to be accurate, sensitive and efficient, which applies the microwave digestion and ICP-MS technique. The uranium concentration and 235U/238U ratio in nine kinds of soils in China detected using the method are all in normal range.
  • Dosimetric Comparison of the Related Parameters between Simultaneous integrated Boost Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy and Sequential Boost Conformal Radiotherapy for Postoperative Malignant Glioma of the Brain
    SHAO Qian, LU Jie, LI Jian-bin, et al
    2011, 20(1): 33-35. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.039
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    Objective To compare the dosimetric of different parameter of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy(SIB-IMRT) with sequential boost conformal radiotherapy (SB-CRT) for postoperative malignant glioma of the brain. Methods Ten patients with malignant glioma of brain were selected to study. Each patient was simulated all by CT and MRI,and the imagings of CT and MRI were all sent to Pinnacle3 planning system. The fusion technology with MR-CT imaging was used on Pinnacle3 planning system. The target volume was delineated and defined based on MRI. The postoperative residual lesion and resection cavity were defined as gross tumor volume(GTV) and expanded GTV some scope was defined as clinical target volume(CTV). The margins of GTV expanded 10mm and 25mm were defined as CTV1 and CTV2 respectively. CTV1 and CTV2 all enlarged 5mm were defined as PTV1 and PTV2 respectively. The plans of simultaneous integrated boost intensity-modulated radiotherapy and sequential boost conformal radiotherapy were respectively designed for each patient using Pinnacle3 planning system and the dosimetric of different parameter was compared. The prescribe dose of SIB-IMRT was PTV1:62.5Gy/25f,PTV2:50.0Gy/25f; and SB-CRT was PTV1:66.0Gy/33f,PTV2:50.0Gy/25f. The dosimetries of different parameters of SIB-IMRT and SB-CRT were compared by using Paired-Samples T Test. Results The maximum and mean dose of PTV1,PTV2, and brainstem were of significant difference(P < 0.05) in two plans; and the mean dose of whole brain was significantly different(P < 0.05) in two plans. The conformity index(CI) and heterogeneity index (HI) of SIB-IMRT were superior to SB-CRT(P < 0.05). But the maximum dose of lens and optic nerves was of no significant difference(P > 0.05). Conclusion The SIB-IMRT plan is better than the SB-CRT plan. The CI and HI of SIB-IMRT are superior to SB-CRT. At the same time, it can preserve the important organs such as brainstem and reduce the mean dose of whole brain. On the other hand it can shorten the total period of therapy time.
  • Investigation on the Impact of Rate of Thyroid Iodine Uptake on the Effect of 131I Treatment of hyperthyroidism
    MA Yu-qin, LIANG Hua-ju, XU Yao-ling
    2011, 20(1): 35-36. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.049
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    Objective Through retrospective study of rate of iodine uptake (RAIU) and effective half-life (EHL) effect on the impact of 131I therapy for hyperthyroidism, To Investigate a more effective program of 131I treatment of hyperthyroidism. Methods Data of 531 patients with hyperthyroidism after 131I treatment were collected, and including test results of RAIU and EHL before the 131I treatment, the serum FT3, FT4, sTSH, TRAb and so on before and after 131I treatment. To be grouped according to the difference of the peak value and the peak time of RAIU and EHL, then to observe the short-term prognosis of each group respectively. Results The higher the peak RAIU, the higher the proportion uncured. RAIU peak (100~91)% group with the lowest cure ratio, and the peak (70~51)% group with the highest ratio of hypothyroidism. The earlier peak occurred, the higher uncured proportion and lower proportion of Hypothyroidism. The longest EHL group with the lowest cure rate, and with the highest uncured rate; the group of EHL shorter than 4 days with a higher uncured rate. Conclusion The effect of 131I therapy was worse when RAIU peak value was higher than 90% or lower than 70%, and RAIU peak occurred at 3 hours or EHL was shorter than 4 days. The length of EHL and the efficacy of 131I treatment were not directly proportional, so best not to reduce the dosage of 131I based on EHL longer than 7 days.
  • Effect of Human Interleukin-21 Gene Transfer Combined with γ-ray Radiation on Cell Cycle of Esophageal Cancer Cells
    ZHANG Hong-yan, ZHAO Xin-ran, CAO Yong-zhen, et al
    2011, 20(1): 37-39. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.058
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    Objective To study the combined effect of adenovirus-mediated IL-21 gene and ionizing radiation on the growth of esophageal cancer cells, and explore a gene therapy approach for esophageal cancer. Method The esophageal cancer cell line EC109 was transfected by recombinant IL-21 gene adenovirus vector and irradiated by 6 Gy γ-rays after transfection. The cohorts were divided into blank control,Ad-lacZ,Ad-IL-21,irradiation and Ad-IL-21 combined with irradiation. The cell growth curve and cell cycle of EC109 cell was detected by MTT assay and flow cytometry respectively. Results The growth of EC109 cells transfected with Ad-IL-21, radiation and combination of Ad-IL-21 and radiation was slower than that of Ad-lacZ and blank control significantly(P < 0.05). The combination of Ad-IL-21 and radiation resulted in greater inhibition of cell growth compared with Ad-IL-21 infection and radiation(P < 0.05). Cells of G1 phase transfected with Ad-IL-21 and radiation increased, cells of G2 and S phase decreased. Cells of the combination of Ad-IL-21 and radiation were arrested at G1 phases of cell cycle mainly. Conclusion Adenovirus-mediated IL-21 gene can inhibit EC109 cell growth and arrest the cells at G1 phase. It demonstrates a combined effect of Ad-IL-21 gene transfer and radiation in esophageal cancer.
  • Analysis on the change rule of TRAb and prognosis in the Patients with Graves'Disease After 131I Treatment
    LIANG Hua-ju, MA Yu-qin, ZHANG Xia, CHONG Guan-feng
    2011, 20(1): 39-40. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.050
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    Objective To discuss the change rule of TRAb and the correlation with prognosis in patients with Graves' disease before and after 131I treatment. Methods To collect 317 patients with Graves' disease treated with 131I, and measure the serum FT3, FT4, sTSH, TRAb Etc at 0 and 3,6,9,12 months after treated with 131I. All the patients were divided based on the change rule of TRAb into eight groups. The prognosis include uncured (inefficacy and mend), cured and hypothyroidism. Results Of all the groups, the group with TRAb negative always was the best, and the group with TRAb positive down then up after 131I treatment was the worst on the prognosis. The prognosis of the groups with TRAb negative before 131I treatment was better than that of the groups with TRAb positive. It was worse the prognosis of the groups with TRAb positive before and after treatment, or increased or decreased then increased. Conclusion The change rule of TRAb before and after 131I treatment could reflect better prognosis, and was valuable for 131I treatment.
  • Differential Expression Gene Profiling in Human Lymphocyte after 6h Irradiated
    LI Jian-guo, QIN Xiu-jun, ZHANG Wei, et al
    2011, 20(1): 41-42,45. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2011.01.065
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    Objective To provide the evidence of health damage for the staff irradiated from the gene level. Methods The study analyzed the differential transcriptional profile of normal human lymphocyte and human lymphocyte irradiated with 0.1Gy, 0.2Gy, 0.5Gy, 1.0Gy by whole genome chip after 6h irradiated. Results The results showed that there were 1177 differentially expressed genes with 0.1Gy after 6h irradiation, and there were 1922 differentially expressed genes with 0.2Gy after 6h irradiation, and there were 492 differentially expressed genes with 0.5Gy after 6h irradiation,2 615 differentially expressed genes with 1.0Gy after 6h irradiation, 114 differentially expressed genes in 4 dose points after 6h irradiation. RT-PCR results indicated that the relative quantity's result of EGR1, HLA-DMB and TAIAP1 was consistent with gene chip data. Conclusion The study found many significant different genes in human lymphocyte with different doses after 6h irradiation,which will provide a basis for the further radiation-different-genes and the mechanism of radiation damage.