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  • 28 February 2016 Volume 25 Issue 1
      
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  • Study on the Relationship between 212Pb and 7Be Concentration and Air Pollution during Spring Beijing in 2015
    ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Jing, TUO Fei, DING Yan-qiu, LI Wen-hong, YAO Shuai-mo, ZHANG Qing, SU Xu
    2016, 25(1): 1-5.
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    Objective To study the relationship between the composition of the types of radioactivity and air pollution in the near surface air aerosols in Beijing, 2015.Methods The portable Staplex TF1A type high flow air samplers were used to collect outdoor air near the ground aerosol. Membrane Whatman was used as air monitoring membrane. Radioactivity of aerosol filter samples were analyzed using a laboratory HPGe gamma spectrometer.Results The radionuclides detected in samples including 212Pb and 7Be, the radioactivity concentrations of 212Pb were approximately in order of 10-2 Bq/m3; radioactivity concentrations of 7Be were approximately in the order of 10-3 Bq/m3; no other radionuclides were detected.Conclusion The correlation between 212Pb and PM 2.5, PM 10 and air pollution index in the near surface of the air pollution index was statistically significant, and the positive correlation was found. The correlation between the radopactivity concentrations of radionuclides and the air pollution index in the near surface air of 7Be is statistically significant, and it is a weak negative correlation.
  • Cytogenetic Effects of Low Dose Tritiated Water in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes
    DENG Bing, JIN Jing, QUAN Yi, DONG Lan, TAN Zhao-yi
    2016, 25(1): 6-10,14.
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    Objective The yield of unstable chromosome aberration induced in human lymphocytes by β particles from low-doses HTO have been measured.Methods HTO was mixed with heparinised blood in various amounts so that dose of 6.24×10-4 Gy to 1.23 Gy were delivered in 24 h and 48 h. After culturing for 72 h, the dicentric yield was measured as a function of dose to the blood and compared with data from 60Co γ-radiation.Results Using a linear-quadratic dose-effect relation to fit the experimental data, a significant linear contribution Y=0.001+0.062D+0.053D2 was found. The main difference between the coefficients for β and γ radiation is in the a values, indicating that HTO β rays are more efficient, particularly at low doses. In accord with the theory of dual radiation, the RBE of HTO β-particles relative to γ rays is 2.21 at 0.06 Gy and decreases with increasing dose. Micronucles yield at low doses could be fitted to a linear equation Y=C+αD and the indicated RBE value of MN for HTO β-rays irradiation is between 1.46 and 2.17 which is similar in shape to the chromosome aberrations experiments.Conclusion Hence β-rays are found to be more efficient in producing two lesions with sigle ioniziong tracks at low dose.
  • The Dosimetric Effect of the Angle Change after Electron Beam Irradiation for the Patients after Breast Surgery
    WANG Chun-yu, WANG Tie-jun, MAO Tie-zhu, CHEN Da-wei, WANG Hong-wei, CHEN Chong
    2016, 25(1): 11-14.
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    Objective To study the dosimetric effect of the rotational angle change after electron beam irradiation after breast surgery.Methods The standard manikins model was used to simulate the female patients'left breast cancer, and was irradiated by 6 MeV electron beam at the horizontal position. The irradiatves dosimetry of target was 2 Gy. The irradiation was set 350°、355°、0°、5°、10° rotational angle change and applied 0.5 mm tissue equivalent bolus. Thermoluminescence dose meters was used to measure the dosimetric effect of chest wall, two lungs and heart.Results After set 350°、355°、0°、5°、10° rotational angle change, the dose of chest wall had no significant change. The dose change of chest wall in two sides at 355° and 5°rotational was higher than that of the middle parts, but the differences have no significant change(t=1.418,P > 0.05); sensitive organs had significant change, the dose of the same lung and the contralateral lung in control group was(0.79 ±0.15) Gy and(0.21 ±0.08) Gy, and in 5° rotational angle change group was(1.06 ±0.23) Gy and(0.31 ±0.11) Gy,the differences have significant change(t=2.42,t=3.14,P < 0.05).Conclusion In the process of electron beam irradiation for the patients with breast cancer, the rotational angle change degrades the dosimetric coverage of target organs' edge, and the 5° rotational angle change increases dosimetric coverage in the same lung and the contralateral lung.
  • Radiotherapy Monte Carlo Calculation of Dose Rate
    XU Yang-yang, DENG Lei, YANG Ya-xin, ZHANG Ye
    2016, 25(1): 15-17.
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    Objective To verify the accuracy of the calculation of MCNP ray air kerma rate and ambient dose equivalent rate.Methods The theoretical calculation of air kerma rates was compared with simulated values,and the actual measurement of ambient dose equivalent rate values and simulation values are compared.Results Kerma rate theoretical values and simulation values are in good agreement. The maximum error of the measured value of ambient dose equivalent rate of the analog value of is less than 7.9% and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the two present trends, error becomes smaller with increasing distance between the two points.Conclusion MCNP program can accurately simulate the air kerma rate and ambient dose equivalent rate,The program can be applied to the development of radiation protection programs and computer room and other work.
  • Investigation of Radiation Protection Status in Rural Public Health Centers in Anhui Province
    WEN Chong, YANG Yong-jian
    2016, 25(1): 18-21.
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    Objective To investigate the Status of Radiation Protection in Rural Public Health Centers in Anhui Province to provide important basis to strengthen radiation hygiene supervision at basic level to improve radiation safety condition in rural public health centers.Methods The questionnaires were filled in to learn the current situation of radiation protection in rural public health centers. The radiation workers'medical examination data from 2013 to 2014 in rural public health centers reported by the occupational physical examination institutes were sampled to explore the health status of radiation workers.Results The qualification rate of 11 indices to reflect the status of radiation protection in rural public health centers was low, sepecially the rate of centers which established sound radiation worker occupational health archives was only 25.95%, the rate of centers which provided personal protective equipment for the subjects and the rate of centers which periodically undertook machine room protection detection and machine performance detection were all less than 50%; Overall, health status of radiation workers was good,but the reduced white cells, eye lens opacities detected by slit lamp and the lymphocyte micronuclei abnormality rate in radiation workers with longer work time and to work under worse protection condition were compared with those in other radiation workers, the difference between them was statistically significant(P < 0.05).Conclusion Radiation protection in the medical therapy units at basic level must urgently be strengthened, support to installations, talents and techniques need be enlarged to make radiation diagnosis and treatment quality and radiation safety and primary level health care medicine synchronously and harmoniously develop to bring benefit to extensive populace.
  • A Comparative Analysis between the New Files of the Management on Health Standards and the Original Files
    JU Jin-xin, XUE Ru, CHEN Er-dong
    2016, 25(1): 22-25.
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    Objective The difference of the new committee charter on health standards and method of management on health standards was probed to provide a reference for applying the new files, and to further promote the development of management on health standards.Methods Referring to the name, organization and duty of the commission on health standards, and the management of professional commissions and committee members, differences of two versions of committee charter on health standards were compared and analysed. Combined with the actual situation, referring to every part of management on health standards, differences of two versions of method of management on health standards were compared and analysed.Results The new committee charter on health standards adjusted the name and construction of the commission on health standards, improved the duty of the commission on health standards, strengthened the management of professional commissions and committee members. The new method of management on health standards clearly indentified the requirements on each part of the management on health standards, strengthened regulations on management of the initiation, drafting, examination and so on, adjusted the process of examination of initiation and approval of health standards.Conclusion The new files of the management on health standards play an important role of norm and guidance for the management on health standards, and provide a strong guarantee for the promotion of quality and efficiency of health standard work.
  • The Assessment of Radiological Pollution from the Building Materials Fabricated by Ashes of Bone-coal
    LI Long-cai
    2016, 25(1): 40-43.
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    Objective The radiological impacts on the public individuals from the building materials fabricated by lime-ash of bone-coal were evaluated for a project of bone-coal comprehension utilizations in China.Methods The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides in the fabricated building materials by lime-ash of bone coal, and the potential exposure, the radiation risk for the public individuals living in the room were analyzed.Results It was shown that the dose and risk on the public would be increased obviously, including the external radiation from gamma rays and internal radiation from radon.Conclusion Suggestions were given for the comprehension utilization of the line-ash of bone-coal to meet the requirements of national standard on the limitations of radionuclides in building materials, and the requirements of radiation protection for public individual.
  • Investigation of Radiation Level for Mobile Medical X-Ray Equipment by the Bedside Operation
    SHEN Qing, CUI Qian, JI Hao, WANG Yu-xia, SHEN Jia, CHEN Biao, ZHU Guo-yin, CHEN Chun-hui
    2016, 25(1): 44-47.
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    Objective In order to assist relevant authorities to build the theoretical basis for implementing targeted intervening strategies, we investigated the radiation dose rate for mobile medical X-ray equipment through bedside operation from different angles at different distance.Methods A total of 20 pieces of mobile medical x-ray equipment, from three different levels of medical institutions in District Xuhui, Shanghai, were selected in appropriate proportions and monitored.Results For mobile X-ray equipment by the bedside operation,CR is the main imaging category which accounts for 80%. A total of 75% switches adoptly remote control method,but there is 25% equipment that is operated manually. In addition, the rates did not change according to changing angles, while they declined obviously with the increase of the stationing distance. X-ray dose rate ranges in 1000~2000 μSv/h, 300~500 μSv/h,40~300 μSv/h and 10~40 μSv/h, respectively, at 1 m,2 m and 5 m distance from equipment.Conclusion For mobile medical X-ray equipment by the bedside operation, X-ray dose rate does change according to various distances, and the recommended safe distance outside should be 5 m. Appropriate lead shielding facilities like lead screen should be used in order to protect the health radiological technicians and observers.
  • Study of Environmental Surface γ Radiation Level in Shenzhen Metro Stations
    DING Min-xia, LI Jia-ling, LIU Guoqing
    2016, 25(1): 59-61.
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    Objective To monitor and analyze the level of γ radiation and effective dose of workers in Shenzhen metro lines.Methods In metro stations, the γ radiation dose rate was determined by the universal monitor of radiation protection LB 123, the annual effective dose from γ radiation was calculated.Results The γ radiation dose rate of Shenzhen metro lines ranged from 0.08 to 0.35 μSv/h, with an average value of 0.168 μSv/h. The annual effective dose from γ radiation was 0.966 mSv/a for the workers.Conclusion The γ radiation levels of Shenzhen metro lines fall within the natural background values. The workers in the metro receive no additional external radiation dose.
  • Overview of Radiotherapy Resources of Medical Linear Accelerators in Lnner Mongolia
    LI Wei, HA Ri ba la, ZHANG Shuai, GE Ri le man da hu, XU Xiao, WANG Cheng-guo
    2016, 25(1): 71-73.
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    Objective To investigate radiotherapy resources in Inner Mongolia,and to provide reference for the resources allocation and subject development.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted by on-side inspection to know the current status of distribution of radiotherapy institutions and radiotherapy facilities.Results There were 29 linear accelerators, 1 60Co γ-ray teletherapy equipment in 27 hospitals up to the February 2012. Medical linear accelerator therapy were carried out in 26 hospitals, 60Co γ-ray teletherapy in 1 hospital. The number of professional personnel(nurses and personnel of 2 military hospitals) was 158.Conclusion Distribution of radiotherapy resources is imbalanced. Hospitals are short of unincluding radiation oncologists, radiotherapy physicists and radiotherapy technologists. Training of the personnel should be strengthened.
  • Analysis of the Radiation Protection of PET/CT Center in A Hospital
    LV Zhi-zheng, HE Qiang, WANG Hong-wei, CHEN Chong, FU Jia-xing, CHENG Da-wei
    2016, 25(1): 76-78.
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    Objective To analyze the radiation protection situation of nuclear medicine PET/CT workplaces in a hospital so as to evaluate whether it conforms to the criterion and provide a proposal for the weak item.Methods To detect and investigate the radiation dosage of workplaces according to the national standards, and compare the results with the national standards.Results The maximum radiation rate of workplaces and surroundings in PET/CT center was 0.40 μSv/h. The maximum surface contamination in the PET/CT workplaces was 0.20 Bq/cm2.Conclusion Site selection and composition was appropriate. The radiation protection level in the PET/CT workplace in the hospital was qualified according to the national standards. The hospital has a complete radiation protection management system and under normal operation can effectively prevent and control occupational disease hazards.
  • Comparison Result and Analysis of the Total Radioactivity Measurement in Water During 2009-2014
    KONG Yu-xia, SUN Ya-ru, WANG Hong-fang, CUI Li-meng, MA Yong-zong
    2016, 25(1): 83-85.
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    Objective To ensure the accuracy of gross α and gross β radioactivity measurement in drinking water, improve the quality of monitoring, reduce the system error caused by the introduction of the method.Methods Processing and measuring comparison water sample, then analyzing and evaluating the comparison result from 2009 to 2014.Results With the same method, the five times of measurement results from 2009 to 2014 show that for gross α and gross β,the max deviation and min deviation is 9.30% (in 2014)/-2.04% (in 2010) and 20.5% (in 2011)/-2.13% (in 2012), respectively. Capacity evaluation indicates the qualified results from 2009 to 2011 and the excellent results from 2012 to 2014.Conclusion The deviation of the measurement system can be found and corrected in time through the total radioactivity measurement in water, thus ensure the accuracy of the measurement results and improve the detection capability.
  • A Fast Method for Measuring Radon Concentration by 218Po
    ZHANG Feng, YUAN Jiu-lin, TAN ZHEN-Gan, WANG Xiao-yu, QU Guo-pu
    2016, 25(1): 93-94,98.
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    Objective To introduce a quick measuring method of radon activity concentration in air.Methods According to the method for measuring radon activity concentration by 218Po, aiming at low concentrations of radon and radon daughter in the air, firstly through sampling device collected radon daughter on the membrane filter, at the same time using the detector online detection 218Po activity in the filter membrane,the activity concentration of radon in air can be obtained by using the results of the detect.,and test the accuracy and error of this method.Results The experimental error of this method keep within 5%, sampling time reduced to 15 minutes.Conclusion This method is feasible for measuring radon, the method is fast in measurement with high accuracy for measuring radon activity concentration in the air.
  • A Survey about the Level of Radioactive Occupational Hazards Existing in a Product Line of Nucleus Fuel-Element
    GU Xiao-na, WU Xiao-yan, ZHAN Jing-ming, ZHOU Wen-ming, ZHAO Yang, HAO Jie
    2016, 25(1): 95-98.
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    Objective To learn the level of radioactive occupational hazards existing in a product line of nucleus fuel-element.Methods Radioactive occupational hazardswas in workplace were investigated and monitored, personal doses were computered, and how much damage caused by harazds to workers was analyzed.Results The concentrations of uranium in main stations were lower than the control value. Except for the place near gasification filling and the surface of fuel robs, the radiation dose rates met the criteria in other stations. Pesonal doses could be controled under the target value.Conclusion The radioactive damage caused by harazds to workers are acceptable when all protections are in normal runing.
  • Study of Dose Optimization for X-ray in Pediatric Intussusception Diagnosis and Treatment
    CHEN Yu-tao, DENG Da-ping
    2016, 25(1): 101-103.
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    Objective To explore dose optimization of pediatric intussusception reconstruction by digital pulse fluoroscopy and provide a feasible method to reduce radiation dose in fluoroscopy reconstruction.Methods By reviewing related literatures and combining objective as well as principle of this study, perform air enema by using digital gastrointestinal machine with low pulse on intussusception children.Results In experimental group with 60 cases, the accordant rate of diagnosis was 100%, and the reset success rate was 95%. In control group with 60 cases, the accordant rate of diagnosis 100% and reset success rate 93.3%. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the accordant rate of diagnosis and reset success rate, while in the time of radiation, experimental group was about 39.25% of the control group.Conclusion Reducing pulse can not only meet the demand of clinical diagnosis and treatment, but also reduce radiation dose in children with intussusception. It is worthy of being applied to air enema reconstruction by digital pulse fluoroscopy.
  • Comparative Analysis of Two Methods for 3D-CRT with Brain Metastases of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer
    SONG Jun-tao, LI Xue-yuan, NIE Dong
    2016, 25(1): 104-106.
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    Objective To assess the clinical efficacy of the SIB-CRT and SB-CRT with brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer.Methods 56 cased of patients with brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer were selected in our hospital from April 2010 to April 2012.29 cases were treated in whole brain PTV was 36Gy/20f, synchronous the metastasis PGTV was 15 Gy/10 f in SIB-CRT plan. 27 cases were treated in whole brain PTV was 40 Gy/20 f,then the metastasis PGTV was an extra boost 20Gy/10f. Curative effect was compared between two groups, adverse reactions were also recorded.Results 52 cases of patients were followed-up 3-48 months,4 cases were lost. The overall local tumor control rate was 81.4% by SIB-CRT, the median survival was 12.3 months. Karnofsky Per-formance Scale (KPS) score > 80 was 55.5% in 3 months. The overall local tumor control rate was 76% by SB-CRT, the median survival was 10.4 months. KPS score > 80 was 40.0% in 3 months.Conclusion Rather than SB-CRT, the SIB-CRT may more improve life quality of patients with brain metastases of non-small cell lung cancer, reduce radiation damage, and prolong patients'survival time.
  • Effect Analysis of Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure in Treating Severe Neonatal Pneumonia
    PAN Jie
    2016, 25(1): 106-108.
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    Objective To analyze the curative effects of nasal continuous positive airway pressure in treating severe neonatal pneumonia.Methods Selected 90 cases of patients with severe neonatal pneumonia who were treated in in our hospital from January 2014 to January 2015. According to the random number table method, they were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group, and the corresponding numbers were even as the observation group, odd numbers as the control group, 45 cases in each group. Two groups of patients were all given comprehensive treatment including antiinfection. Additionally, the control group was given nasal catheter oxygen inhalation or oxygen hood. While the observation group used nasal continuous positive airway pressure to treat. The clinical manifestations before and after treatment, two groups blood gas analysis and complications of two groups were compared.Results After the observation group was treated by positive airway pressure for 24 hours, the breathing, heart rate and critical score improved more significantly than those of the control group (P < 0.05). Besides, blood gas analysis index of the observation group after 24 hours was more significantly improved than that of the control group (P < 0.05) and the relieving time of dyspnea, heart rate back to normal, and the time of the disapearing of rales of lungs significantly shorter than those of the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion It has distinct clinical effect to apply nasal continuous positive airway pressure in the treatment of severe neonatal pneumonia. The operation is simple to handle, economical and practical, and shorten the course of the disease. Therefore it is worth popularizing in clinic.
  • Clinical Application of IVP, CTU and MRU in the Diagnosis of Hydronephrosis
    ZHENG Li-guang, ZHANG Hai-feng, ZHANG Le
    2016, 25(1): 111-112.
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    Objective To analyze the clinical value of intravenous pyelogram (IVP), MDCT urography (CTU), and magnetic resonance urography (MRU) in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis.Methods The image data of 96 patients with hydronephrosis were analyzed retrospectively. Among these patients, 72 cases were performed IVP examination, 43 cases were performed CTU examination, 36 cases were performed MRU examination, 23 patients underwent IVP and CTU examinations, 19 patients underwent IVP and MRU examinations, 6 patients underwent CTU and MRU examinations, and 3 patients underwent IVP, CTU, MRU examinations.Results 52 cases (72%) with IVP examination were diagnosed definitely; 40 cases (93%) underwent CTU examination were diagnosed definitely; 35 patients (97%) with MRU examination were diagnosed definitely; 23 cases (100%) with IVP, CTU examination confirmed the diagnosis; 19 cases (100%) with IVP, MRU examinations confirmed the diagnosis; 6 cases (100%) with CTU, MRU examinations confirmed the diagnosis; the diagnosis of 3 patients (100%) with IVP, CTU, MRU examinations were clear.Conclusion IVP, CTU and MRU each has its advantages and disadvantages. The combined application of these three methods is helpful to improve the diagnosis of hydronephrosis, and is important for guiding the clinical treatment.
  • Clinical Observation of the Treatment of Malignant Tumor Multiple Bone with 89SrCl2 Treatmat
    ZHANG Peng, LI Xue-yuan, TIAN Xiang-feng, LIU Juan, CHE Xin-yu
    2016, 25(1): 115-117.
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    Objective To explore the clinical value and effectiveness of strontium chloride (89SrCl2) in the treatment of malignant tumor with multiple bone metastasis.Methods The 76 cases of malignant tumor with multiple bone metastasis were observed in patients using 89SrCl2 and the pain relief rate as well as the imaging manifestations.Results Adverse reactions were seen 7 days after the treatment. Blood cells and platelet count are 20% lower than those of before treatment. Blood 30 days after treatment, There was no difference in bolld and the bone marrow 30 days after treatment. The pain relief rate was 71.1% (12 cases complete response, partial response 42 cases) and the total effective rate was 80.3%.Conclusion The clinical use of 89SrCl2 in patients advanced malignant tumor with multiple bone metastasis can significanthy relieve the symptom of pain and improve their life quality.