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  • 28 August 2016 Volume 25 Issue 4
      
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  • Study of Calibration the Dosemeter for Measuring Eye Lens Dose in Terms of Hp(3) with Medical Diagnostic X-ray
    LI Hai-liang, WANG ZHong-wen, XU Jia-ang, LI Fu-Sheng, MIN Nan
    2016, 25(4): 385-388. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.001
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    Objective To study the application of medical diagnostic X-ray in the dosemeter for measuring eye lens dose in terms of H p(3).Methods The standard for calibration is based on ISO 12794 (2000) and radiation quality for calibration is medical diagnostic X-ray in IEC 61267 (RQR4 RQR7 RQR9).The experimental result is compared with the result calibrated with the narrow beam X-ray(N60~N120) taken from ISO 4037.Results Energy response is 20% < R < 40% for the narrow beam,and-10% < R < 10% for RQR beam. As isotropy,mean the difference of value of the response from the response of normal incidence is(0.99 ±0.08) for the N80,(1.02 ±0.04) for the RQR4,(0.99 ±0.03) for the RQR7,and (0.98 ±0.06) for the RQR9.Conclusion RQR spectra are much wider than N spectra ISO series which better resemble the real spectra at workplaces.Medical diagnostic X-ray (RQR) is more suitable as a radiation quality for calibration the dosimeter.
  • The Dosimetric Effect of the Angle Change in Electron Beam Irradiation after Breast Surgery by Monte Carlo Simulation
    WANG Chun-yu, HOU Ji-guang, LI Cong, CHEN Da-wei, CHEN Chong, WANG Hong-wei
    2016, 25(4): 389-392,397. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.002
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    Objective To study the dosimetric effect of the rotational angle change in electron beam irradiation after breast surgery by Monte Carlo method.Methods The MCNP5 Monte Carlo code was used to simulate the female patients'left breast cancer.The irradiation was set 350°、355°、0°、5°、10°rotational angle change.The dosimetric effect of chest wall,two lungs and heart was measured and analysed.Results After the set of 350°、355°、0°、5°、10°rotational angle change,the dose of chest wall of 0℃ontrol group was the highest dose,the dose of 355 ° group,350°group,10°group,5°group in turn reduced.The irradiation dose of sensitive organs was increased in the simulation of rotation angle.Two lungs and heart near the radiation field,their dose and the dose change were large.the dose of 0℃ontrol group,350°group,355°group,10°group,5°group of the same lung was in turn increased,the dose of 0℃ontrol group,355°group,350°,10° group,5°group of the heart and contralateral lung were in turn increased.Conclusion The electron beam irradiation after breast surgery was explored by Monte Carlo simulation,which indicate irradiation angle change target to lower dose of target organs and the higher dose of sensitive organs.
  • Ultrasonic Measurement Techniques Applied to Assay the Human Body Chest Wall Thickness and Tissue Element in Internal Radiation Individual Monitoring
    WU Meng-meng, Wang Jun-yan, CHEN Ling, PANG Hong-chao
    2016, 25(4): 393-397,405. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.003
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    Objective By using medical diagnostic ultrasonic imaging method,the chest wall thickness and component of radiation workers was measured to reduce the error of internal radiation dose brought by the uncertainty of human body chest wall attenuation coefficient.Methods We measure 26 people's chest wall thickness and component by medical diagnostic ultrasound and gather the images,analyze the data to get the content ratio of muscle and fat in the chest wall thickness.Results We transform the chest wall thickness which have different organization composition into muscle equivalent chest wall thickness by the formula to normalize the blocking effect of human body chest wall with different organizational composition to gamma and X-ray of different energy which emit from lung.Conclusion Measuring human body chest wall thickness and tissue composition by ultrasonic is more accurate than traditional formula computing method and can reduce the error of measurement result of lung counter by ±20%.It has great significance to estimation of internal radiation dose for it can greatly reduce the system error in vivo measurement.
  • Correction of Angular Dependence of MatriXX Ion Chambers for IMRT Plan Verification
    KONG Yan, KONG Dong, WEI Xian-ding, CUI Qiang-liang, YANG Bo
    2016, 25(4): 398-400. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.005
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    Objective Angular dependence of MatriXX is a problem when used in composite dose verification of IMRT,and this work aimed at correcting angular dependence of each unit ion chamber(UIC) in MatriXX array respectively.Methods At 0° gantry angle with open field 28cm×28cm,plane dose distribution was measured by MatriXX,and then compared to the calculated value from treatment planning system(TPS),so that dose calibration coefficients of each UIC were obtained.Based on this,dose distributions under different gantry angles and open field were also measured,and corrected by the corresponding calculated value for each UIC at each gantry angle.Then,dose distributions from actual IMRT plan fields were measured,and plan verification Results with angular dependence correction or not were both obtained and compared,in order to evaluate this correction method.Results At 0° gantry angle,the dose calibration coefficients of each UIC lightly increased with their X,Y values increasing,and were averaged to be 1.00 ±0.01. For 60°~150° and 210°~300° gantry angle ranges,the angular dependence coefficients had large range and fluctuation,and around 90° and 270°,the coefficients reached the smallest. Verification results after correction were better than those without.Conclusion After this angular dependence correction,MatriXX could be more suitably used for actual IMRT plan with different gantry angles.
  • Investigation of the Radiation Dosiology in a X-ray Biologic Irradiator
    ZHENG Zu-an, LIU Fei, ZHONG Wei-wei, CAO Yu-chun
    2016, 25(4): 401-405. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.006
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    Objective To investigate the field dosage and the environmental radiation dose of the X-ray biologic irradiator.Methods To measure the doses of the multiple-twin points in the 80 percent area of the effective field of the X-ray biologic irradiator,and to measure the dose of the central point of the field and repeat once a week,when the X-ray biologic irradiator was working,by using PTW UNIDOS ionization chamber dosimeter. To measure the environmental radiation doses of the front,the back,the left,the right and the top of the X-ray biologic irradiator,by using 451p model dosemeter,when the X-ray biologic irradiator was working.Results The results showed that the export stability of the field was less than 1%,the dose symmetry of the field equal or less than 2%,the platness of the field was 9.8%,when the X-ray biologic irradiator was working.The environmental radiation dose of the X-ray biologic irradiator,when it was working,averaged 0.194 μSv,which remained with the background radiation.The maximum value of the doses was 0.308 μSv that was the dose of the front,which was slight higher and approached the highest standard of the background radiation.Conclusion The dose exported steadily in the X-ray biologic irradiator.The dose symmetry of the field of the X-ray biologic irradiator was fine,and the flatness of the field had flaw.The environmental radiation dose of the front of the X-ray biologic irradiator was slighty higher and approached the highest standard of the background radiation.The environmental radiation doses of the other parts of the X-ray biologic irradiator remained with the background radiation.The operator is suggested to stay away from the X-ray biologic irradiator for less radiation dose,when the X-ray biologic irradiator is working.
  • Meta Analysis of the Effect of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation on Peripheral Blood Cells of Radiation Workers
    ZHANG Xin, ZHAO Yong-cheng
    2016, 25(4): 406-409. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.007
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    Objective To assess the effect of low dose ionizing radiation on the peripheral blood cells of radiation workers in our country by using Meta analysis method.Methods According to the predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria,the relevant literatures were searched,the number of workers exposed to radiation,the abnormal number of white blood cell,hemoglobin,platelet in Peripheral blood and abnormal rate were basic data,the heterogeneity of data was tested,the OR was as effect size,and the fixed effects model or random effects model was used to meta analysis.Results In meta analysis of Low dose ionizing radiation for radiation workers in white blood cells,the combined OR was 1.81,95% CI was (1.23,2.65).The risk of abnormal white blood cells of radiation workers was higher than that of the non radiation workers.In meta analysis of Low dose ionizing radiation for radiation workers in hemoglobin,the combined OR was 0.83,95% CI was(0.63,1.08).There was no statistical difference between the radiation group and the control group In meta analysis of Low dose ionizing radiation for radiation workers in platelet,the combined OR was 1.30,95% CI was (0.89,1.90).There was no statistical difference between the radiation group and the control group.Conclusion Long term exposure to low dose ionizing radiation environment will significantly increase the radiation workers abnormal WBC rate,but it has no significant effect on hemoglobin and platelet.
  • Capability Investigation of Radiological health in Manegement and Technical Service Yunnan Province
    TANG Li, WU Guo-liang, HU Pei, KUANG Jing-ying, XU Wen-ping, ZHANG Jia-sheng
    2016, 25(4): 415-416. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.011
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    Objective To investigate current capability of radiological health in Yunnan Province,provide evidence for the government to regulate effectively radiological health resources,and promote scientific and normative development of radiological health system.Methods Current capabilities of technical service institutions of radiological health of 16 states in Yunnan Province were investigated by using questionnaires and field verification methods.Results Current data of 111 technical service institutions of radiological health were attained,such as base situation,personnel,detection device,testing capability,etc.Conclusion Capability of radiological health in Yunnan Province is weak and falls behind the other provinces in the county.All or different levels CDC should take main responsibilities in the radiological health work of medical system and social institutions have some auxiliary roles on the basis of national requirements and Yunnan Province realities.Capability building and technical material reserve of technical service institution of radiological health should be reinforced for improving public health of Yunnan Province effectively.
  • TLD Quality Audit Method for Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy in the Presence of Heterogeneities
    HE Zhi-jian, LUO Su-ming, WU Hao, HU Chuan-peng, LIU Ran, WANG Jin, LIU Bao-chen
    2016, 25(4): 417-419. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.012
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    Objective To check the heterogeneity corrected dose calculations performed by the treatment planning system.Methods Homogeneous polystyrene solid phantom with TLD,Polystyrene/lung solid phantom with TLD and Polystyrene/bone solid phantom with TLD will be required to be CT scanned respectively,images exported to the TPS and monitor units calculated as if to deliver 2Gy to the TLD on photon beam axis.The TLDs was irradiated by high energy X-ray. TLDs irradiated by measuring and dose calculation,and D(TLD)/D(TPS) dose ratio in 0.95 to 1.05 was acceptable.Results Verificationresults showed that homogeneous polystyrene solid phantom on axis (P) dose and polystyrene/bone solid phantom on axis (BP) dose are good,polystyrene/lung solid phantom on axis (LP) and off-axis (LL) relative deviation are large.Conclusion Heterogeneity of photon beam dose correction is very important in radiotherapy,especially in the lung tissue. Improper correction,the deviation for lung tissue can also be reached 11.1%,off-axis cases up to 18.4%.The deviation for bone tissue is smaller.
  • Health Survey Analysis of 128 Interventional Radiology Workers in Chifeng
    ZHANG Xu-hui, SUN Yuan-hai, ZHANG Xiao-guo
    2016, 25(4): 430-433. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.018
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    Objective To investigate the effect of long-term exposure to low dose ionizing radiation on the physical health of the intervention staff.Methods According to the occupational health standards of radiation workers,the results were analyzed with the results of individual dose monitoring for 128 workers.66 medical staff who are not inuloued in the radiation exposure were selected as the control group.Results The annual effective dose of the eyelens,of the arm skin,thyroid and gonads infease with age in the intreventional medical slaff.The peak raches at the radiation working age of 10~15,then begin to deatine year by year.Medical symptoms intervention group,the positive rate of eye lens opacity,white blood cells,micronucleus cells,chromosome aberration and differences in the control group was statistically significant.Conclusion Long-term exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation,interventional radiology staff there are some health effects,the need to further strengthen the protection.
  • The Analysis of Blood Cells in Interventional Radiology Staff
    WEN Wei, SU Shi-biao, XIAO Bin, CHEN Hui-feng, LI Xiao-liang, YANG Yu-hua
    2016, 25(4): 434-437. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.019
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    Objective To investigate the effect of interventional radiology staff on the blood cells,which would provide the basis to prevent and control the health of interventional radiology staff.Methods The study selectect 34 interventional radiology staff in the contact group,35 workers without exposure to ionizing radiation as control group,to analyze the changes of blood cells.Results The mean lymphocyte in exposure group was significantly lower than in the control group.The white blood cell outlierdetection rate of female in intervention radiology staff was significantly higher than that of the male.The effect on the intervention radiology staff in the blood cells of age and length of service was not obvious.Conclusion The onizing radiation had a certain influence on the intervention radiology staff in the blood cells.We should strengthen the intervention of health management of intervention radiology staff,and improve the awareness of personal protection.
  • Comparison of Past and Present the Chernobyl and the Fukushima Nuclear Accident and Elicit Thinking
    WANG Yan-jun, LI Wen-hong, DENG Jun, GAO Ling
    2016, 25(4): 459-462. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.030
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    Objective This paper focused on the Chernobyl nuclear accident in 1986 and the Fukushima nuclear accident in 2011,which were worst nuclear accients in the the history.Methods The two Level 7 "major nuclear accident" of Chernobyl and Fukushima are retrospective analysised,includes occurrence and resue,the dose of nuclear accidents and the impact on health.Results The Chernobyl nuclear accident and the Fukushima nuclear accident,are 25 years apart.In terms of the acute radiation damage,the personnel hazard in the Fukushima nuclear accident was serious,except for that one the Chernobyl nuclear accident.To evaluate the long-term effectiveness in the Chernobyl nuclear accident,the health hazards caused by radioactive contamination on rescuers,nearby residents,populations of different age contaminated with radioactivity may portend for the future of people infukushim.Conclusion Regative effects of residents' health and nuclear industry development caused by Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents are painful and sad,and the only thing to do is it encure nuclear safety and peace of people.
  • Study on the Final Response Time of the AT1123 Χ-γ Ray Dose Detector
    WANG Jun-sheng, LI Zhi-min, LING Da-feng
    2016, 25(4): 483-485. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.040
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    Objective To determine the final response time (FRT) of the AT1123 Χ-γ ray dose detector and to evaluate its applicability on radiological protection detection of the medical diagnostic X-ray photography room.Methods The medical diagnostic X-ray camera was set on fixed tube voltages and tube currents,exposure time increased from 10ms to 1000ms,AT1123 Χ-γ ray dose detector was used to measure the dose rate at different exposure time. FRT was defined as the shortest time when the dose rate readings stabilized to the maximum value.Results AT1123 Χ-γ ray dose detector was tested under 4 kinds of radiation intensity of X-ray. When exposure time increased to 100ms,the readings were over 93% of the final value. When exposure time increased to 250 ms,the final value could be fully displayed.Conclusion FRT of AT1123 Χ-γ ray dose detector is about 200~250 ms,suitable for the radiation protection detection of the medical diagnostic X-ray radiography room.
  • The Control System Design of the Standing Wave Accelerator Extension Frequency Automatic Frequency
    YANG Shi-tao, HUANG Zhi-cheng, LUO Rui, DONG Fu-hua
    2016, 25(4): 486-489. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.041
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    Objective To design a standing wave accelerator extension frequency automatic frequency control system in order to achieve the purpose of removing automatic frequency control system failure factors.Methods Through the automatic frequency control system to coordinate the microwave source and accelerating tube working status analysis,adjust the frequency of magnetron,add a dose of variables and to start the general microwave phase-locked automatic frequency control system.Results By eliminating the multiple values of anode voltage change,a standing wave accelerator extension frequency automatic frequency control system was designed.Conclusion In accordance with the theory analysis,the desiged control system by running on the test equipment can in a large range of temperature and pulse which modulation output pulse is stable and reliable work,obtaining good effect.
  • 3DCRT Combined with Shenqi Fuzheng Injection Effectiveness Observation Treatment of NSCLC
    CHE Xin-yu, LI Xue-yuan, TIAN Xiang-feng, ZHANG Peng
    2016, 25(4): 498-499. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.04.045
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    Objective To thoracic tumors in non-small cell lung cancer,for example,investigated the three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) combined with Shenqi Fuzheng Injection treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) effectiveness.Methods To clinical NSCLC refused surgery or lose the timing of surgical operation in treating 83 patients were randomly assigned into control group and experimental group,and control group 41 cases,42 cases of the test group. For patients to take 3DCRT combined with Shenqi Fuzheng Injection,radiotherapy standards DT(60~70) Gy/(6~7) weeks,Shenqi Fuzheng Injection 250ml intravenous infusion dose per day. Prognostic Assessment two groups of patients,including short-term effect,gastrointestinal reactions,bone marrow suppression,and the incidence of radiation pneumonitis.Results all cases the remission rate was 53%,which controls the remission rate was 51.2%,the experimental group remission rate was 54.8%;P>0.05,Control group and experimental group there was no significant difference in the near future curative effect,the bone marrow suppression,gastrointestinal tract reaction,radioactive pneumonia complicated with rate control group were 3 cases 7.3%,5 cases 12.2%,9 cases 22% and 2 cases 4.8%,4 cases 9.5% and 7 cases 16.7%,treatment group was significantly lower than the control group,P<0.05,with statistical significance.Conclusion 3DCRT combined with Shenqi Fuzheng Injection effective treatment of NSCLC,significantly reduces radiation toxicity.