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  • 28 October 2016 Volume 25 Issue 5
      
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  • Comparison Research on Three International Dosimetry Code in 60Co γ-ray Beams
    CHENG Jin-sheng, Lu Ji-long, LIU Ya, LIU Li-ming, GUO Zhao-hui
    2016, 25(5): 513-515,519. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.001
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    Objective The code of practice for radiotherapy dosimetry in our country is not directly based on standards of absorbed dose to water, but based on exposure standards or air kerma standards firstly, and then transform the measurement into absorbed dose by adopting various modifying factors through dosimetry code involved. This essay will probe into the error caused by different codes of practice for radiotherapy dosimetry in terms of absorbed dose. Methods In this research, we adopt three radiotherapy dosimetry codes including ICRU23, IAEA TRS277 and IAEA TRS398, by which different types of chambers measure the absorbed dose to water respectively in 60Co γ ray beams under same condition. We analyze the divergence produced by the three codes mentioned above. Results Having measured the absorbed dose to water through 10 six types of chambers under the same condition of 60Co γ ray beams, we find that three codes in question produce divergences, which are within 2% respectively. Meanwhile, there is certain dispersal among different types of chambers as well. Conclusion Different measurements of radiotherapy dosimetry codes will produce bigger divergences. To reduce inaccuracy in modern radiation therapy in our nation, we should establish the calibration system of measuring absorbed doses to water as soon as possible.
  • Investigation and Analysis About Entrance Surface Dose Induced by Medical Digital Radiography in Guangxi 2015
    LIANG Ting, CHEN Zhang-fan, CHEN Fa-xiang, DONG Yin, WU Ying-yu, LIANG Gui-qiang, ZHAO Xin-chun, XIE Ping, QIN ZHi-ying
    2016, 25(5): 516-519. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.002
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    Objective To acquire information about the entrance surface dose level induced by medical digital radiography (DR) in Guangxi. Methods Stratified random sampling method is used. We choose the subjects examined by DR on different time in fourteen hospitals in Guangxi, using thermoluminescence dosimeter to measure subjects' entrance surface dose in different parts. Results There are head (PA)、head(LAT)、chest (PA)、chest (LAT)、thoracicvertebra (AP)、lumbarvertebra (AP) of which the amount to six parts' entrance surface dose of 75% bit value exceeds the national guidance levels for medical exposure in the grade-one hospitals; there are chest (PA) andchest(LAT) amount to two parts' entrance surface dose of 75% bit value exceeds the national guidance levels for medical exposure in the grade-two hospitals and grade-three hospitals. Conclusion The entrance surface dose of DR photography in Guangxi is hight. We should a further strengthen the monitoring plan about the entrance surface dose.
  • Natural Uranium and Thorium Distribution of Teas in Typical Regions
    CHEN Fei, SHAO Xian-zhang, XU Ying, YIN Liang-liang, JI Yan-qin
    2016, 25(5): 520-522. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.004
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    Objective To acquire the content and distribution level of natural uranium and thorium in typical regional teas, and establish microwave digestion-high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method to determine uranium and thorium in tea samples. Methods Taking 20 kinds of teas produced in 15 provinces as samples, high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to analysize uranium and thorium after microwave digestion. Results The limit of detection for uranium and thorium was 11 ng/L and 8.0 ng/L, respectively. Their recoveries were between 97.5%~102.0% and 96.9%~102.3% for uranium and thorium. Conclusion Uranium and thorium content of teas have some differences in the regional distribution, and teas from the western and south central regions have higher uranium and thorium content than that of east and south regions.
  • Special Considerations about Designing and Protection Measurements of Radiotherapy Facilities
    GUO Zhao-hui, LIU Li-ming, LIU Ya, CHENG Jin-sheng
    2016, 25(5): 533-536. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.011
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    Objective Some radiation facilities are designed with little shielding in the ceiling above the accelerator. This paper is to calculate and mesure skyshine and side-scattered for these accelerator facilities, and to study the caution required for the calculation and measurement. Methods The examples are based on two medical linear accelerator room with little shielding in the ceiling. To compare skyshine and side-scattered measurements with values calculated using the techniques presented in NCRP Report No. 151. Results There is difference between the calculated and measured values of skyshine. It gets an rough order of magnitude between the calculation and measurement of side-scattered. Conclusion For radiation therapy rooms with thin roof barriers, we should consider skyshine and side-scattered. The calculation equation of skyshine given by NCRP Report No. 151 exists limitation.
  • Hygienic Evaluation and the Effective Annual Dose Level of Residents Caused by the Well Water Which Gross α Activity Being Beyond the National Standard
    ZHAO Xin-Chun, MA Yi-Long, LEI Jia-Jie, QIN Zhi-Ying, ZHOU Yan, XIE Ping
    2016, 25(5): 539-541. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.013
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    Objective To estimate the effective radiation annual dose level of residents caused by the well which gross α activity is beyond the national standard,and evaluate the health affection on residents that ingesting the well water consistently. Methods Estimates of the effective annual dose and evaluate of the health effect by using the related knowledge of radiation dosimetry. Results If residents drink the well water for Long-term,the effective annual dose they accumulated ranges for 0.22~0.80 mSv/a and the mean value is 0.44 mSv/a, single radionuclide 226Ra and the contribution to the annual dose is estimated to be 0.10~0.35 mSv/a which were higher than the drinking water guidance level 0.1mSv/a. Conclusion The content of 226Ra is high in the well and exceeds the guidance level of radioactive nuclide concentration recommended by WHO on health effects caused by drinking water. 226Ra is a highly toxic radioactive species. If residents drinking it for long-term it will cause hazards on their health.
  • Preliminary Study on the Treatment Process Applied Gonadal Protection Intervention in the Abdomen
    ZHANG Bin, CHEN Ying-min
    2016, 25(5): 552-554. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.020
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    Objective To investigate the radiation dose of gonadal tissue in patients during the interventional diagnosis and treatment and obtain the method for protecting gonadal tissue. Methods By DSA abdomen conventional fluoroscopy mode and photography mode, was collected the radiation dose with and without shielding the testes and ovaries suffered by data analysis was made SPSS13.0. Results The bilateral ovarian radiation dose was higher than that of the testis in the conventional abdominal X-ray and photography patterns. After the application of the protective device,the radiation doses of each gonad tissue reduced by more than 90%. Conclusion Without prejudice to the case of examination, abdominal interventional treatment process of gonadal tissue shielding has important clinical significance.
  • Study on Application of Reference Levels used in Radiation Workers' Individual Dose Monitoring
    Tang mu-tao, Li qi-hui, Wang xiu-de, ZHANG Hui-bin, GU Qian-min, WANG Qian, ZHAO Yong
    2016, 25(5): 554-556. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.021
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    Objective To study and estimate the results of the application of reference levels used in radiation workers' individual dose monitoring. Methods The threshold value of reference levels were set up according to the National standards and the current situation of individual dose monitoring of one military command, the occupational hazard were estimated. Results The detection results met to the proposed authorized limits well. Conclusion The usage of reference levels has important significance to decrease the dose and ensure the health and safety of radiation works.
  • Analysis on the white Blood Cell Abnormal Rate of Radiation Workers in Jiangsu Province
    ZHOU Yuan-yuan, YANG Chun-yong, YU Ning-le, WANG Jin
    2016, 25(5): 557-559. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.022
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    Objective To study the health status in the workers occupationally exposed to radiation in Jiangsu province, so as to provide scientific basis for the management of radiation production. Methods The abnormal rate of white blood cells analysze and evaluate in 2642 radiation workers from 13 cities. Result The abnormal rate of white blood cells of nuclear medicine workers was 6.94%. There was no statistical difference(P > 0.05) on the abnormal rate of white blood cells with each seniority group. Conclusion The abnormal rates of white blood cells in nuclear medicine and interventional radiology were higher than those of the other trades. Further radiation protection is needed for nuclear medicine and interventional radiology workers.
  • Risk factors of Carotid Arterial Intima-Media Thickness of Intervention Workers
    LI Wei-guo, JIA Pei-wan, XU Jian, HOU Dian-jun, JIA Xi-ming, MA Ya, FENG Li, LI Jie-qing
    2016, 25(5): 559-561. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.023
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    Objective To investigate the risk factors of carotid arterial intima-media thickness (IMT) of intervention workers,especially for the relationship between IMT and accumulated dose of radiation. Methods 1:4 matched case-control study was carried out. The study subjects consisted of 155 intervention workers and 620 diagnostic X-ray workers coming from different hospitals in Shandong province. IMT was measured by ultrasound, meantime their accumulated dose of radiation and other risk factors were collectd. necessary analysis was applied with SPSS. Results There exists a weak positive correlation between IMT and accumulated radiation dose, age and radiation senioroty, contrarily gender shows weak negative correlation. Finally accumulated dose,age and gender remain in the linear regression equation. Conclusion Accumulated radiation dose, age may promote IMT thickening while gender the opposite.
  • Analysis on Radiation Effect of Partial Different Posts of Radiation Workers
    XU Jian, LI Wei-guo, LI Peng, FENG Xian-xun, LI Jie-qing
    2016, 25(5): 564-566. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.025
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    Objective To understand the effects of ionizing radiation on the radiation effects of different posts of radiation workers, and to provide basis for improving the radiation protection conditions. Methods Extraction of radiation group and control group staff's peripheral blood hemogram. Detection and analysis were made of chromosome aberration and micronucleus cell. Results Radioactive radiation effect index abnormal detection rates were higher than those of the control group. Chromosome aberration abnormal rate and the difference were statistically significant (P < 0.05); intervention and industrial group radiation effect index abnormal detection rate is higher than that of other groups, which white cells reduce and chromosome aberration abnormal detection rate compared with the control group, the difference has statistical significance (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Conclusion A sensitive indicator in the radiation effects of different types of radiation workers abnormal detection rate were higher than the normal population, especially of intervention and industrial radiation workers in small doses of radiation damage effect is obvious. It is suggested that should be aimed at improving radiation protection conditions, strengthen the radiation workers personal awareness.
  • Results and Analysis of Partial Medical Electron Accelerators Output Test in Hebei Province
    ZHANG Jing-zhan, ZHOU Kai-jian, GAO Yan-hui, GUO Da-wei
    2016, 25(5): 567-568,572. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.026
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    Objective To investigate the accuracy of the province's output of medical electron accelerators and promote the quality and safety of radiotherapy. Methods According to the relevant standards and methods, some of the province's output of medical electron accelerators were tested. Results The passing rate of the medical electron accelerator output of the first test was of 88.2%. All qualified after re-examination, with a passing rate of 100%. Imported equipment output test results significantly better than that of the domestic equipment. The passing rate of 3 lever hospitals and the provincial hospitals was significantly higher than the 2-level hospitals and city-level, county-level hospitals. Conclusion Test results show that the accuracy of the output of Hebei Medical Electron Accelerator should be further be improved. Further measures should be taken to strengthen the quality control of radiotherapy.
  • Multislice spiral CT Examination Control of Radiation Hazards
    WANG Dao-qing, LIU Yu-li
    2016, 25(5): 569-572. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.027
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    Objective In this experiment we discussed the control policy of X ray radiation hazard during MSCT,to get the best usage of CT examination. Methods Combining the feature of ionization radiation of 64 slices MSCT, as well as the rules of radiation health and the quality control management of CT equipment, we sum up the feature, hazard, contropolicy of ionization radiation in MSCT. Results To control of X ray radiation hazard during CT examination, we need to reduce the radiation dosage during the technology aspect, as well as reducing the total dosage by improving the safety protection knowledge of the ordinary people and the medical staff. Conclusion We should improve the safety protection knowledge of the ordinary people and the medical staff to optimizing the usage of CT examination, to decrease the X-ray radiation hazard during MSCT.
  • The Design and Implementation of the Health Surveillance and Risk Assessment System Based on Web-GIS for the Residents Near a Nuclear Power Plant
    LI Xiao-liang, LEI Cui-ping, NIU Hao-wei, SUN Quan-fu, SU Yin-ping
    2016, 25(5): 588-591. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.035
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    Objective To develop the health surveillance and risk assessment system based on Web-GIS for the residents near a nuclear power plant and provide the basic data for the health management of the residents near a nuclear power plant. Methods Project team, with the reference of methods at home and abroad, investigated the basic situation of the nationwide emergency management for nuclear accidents. The system was designed and implemented by Web-GIS technologies, adopting B/S architecture. Results The system was initially established and tested. It can achieve the expected functions. The system function modules consisted of system management, data management, information display, data statistic and risk assessment. Conclusion The establishment and operation of the system will provide basic data for the health surveillance and early warning for the residents near nuclear power plant in our country, and provide a management platform for scientific studies and the government policy-making.
  • Radiation Hygiene Survey of Dual Tracer Thin Layer Identification Acquisition Tool
    SI Qin-tu-ya, TANG Xu-sheng, QU Shu-ying
    2016, 25(5): 592-595. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.036
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    Objective Radionuclide Tracer Logging technology is the critical technique in modern oil extraction. New model dualtracer thin layer identification acquisition tool is currently in the stage of indoor testing and field logging. This paper is to evaluate the radiation hygiene of this equipment. Methods The gamma air kerma rate and relating surface radioactive level of surrounding of the storage site of releaser, logging crane and the well head are mornitored according to the national standard and method. The contamination of the soil and water sample at the logging site and exposure dose of the operating person. Results In normal conditions, the surrounding environment radivetion as background level of the storage, transportation and work of he generator has no radintive surface contamination. No radiation hazard has found of the environment, the staff and public. The ganerator sperator is slightly subject to an additional effective dose, but far below the target management limit of 5 mSv. The public is not subject to an additional effective dose higher than the backgrouncl. Conclusion This tracer has some advantages in structure, safety, storage and transporting, operating and well logging. it has a good application prospects.
  • The Application of Bodies of Animals That Alcohol's Fixative Handling Radioactive Research
    XU Xi-jie, XIE Min-hao, WU Hong-yu, ZOU Mei-fen, CHEN Quan-cheng, QIN Xiao-feng, ZHOU Xin-qing
    2016, 25(5): 595-596. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.037
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    Objective Using alcohol's Fixative provides an environmental disposal of radioactive experiment of animal carcasses. Methods The same variety of radioactive half-life of experimental animal bodies immersed in a stationary alcohol's Fixative, up to 10 after the half-life directly into the corresponding medical waste disposal. Results Using alcohol's Fixative handling radioactive experimental animal bodies completely can achieve environmental protection effect of harmlessness. Conclusion Using alcohol's Fixative handling radioactive experiment animal carcasses is simple, efficient, safe, environmental protection way of innocuity, worthy promoting.
  • A Gyro Type Cobalt 60 Three-Dimensional Radiotherapy on Radiological Protection Evaluation System
    CHEN Yu, XING Ya-fei, DU Wen-xia, ZHANG Yan-wei, LIU Chao, LIU Ya-jie, WANG Li, ZHANG Shuang-bao
    2016, 25(5): 606-607,611. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.042
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    Objective To explore the gyro type cobalt-60 three-dimensional radiotherapy system to produce the bremsstrahlung radiation shielding and the impact on the environment. Methods Taking a gyro cobalt-60 three-dimensional radiotherapy system as an example. The dose estimation is used for shielding protection design and verification. Results Based on gyro cobalt-60 three-dimensional radiotherapy system running limit parameters, the radiation shielding layer and primary and secondary accelerator shield shielding ability and so on are calculated and analyzed. Computer room of the corresponding protective shielding layer thickness design can meet the design requirements. Conclusion The construction of such facilities, as long as the strengthening of radiation protection, gyro type cobalt-60 three-dimensional radiotherapy system to produce the bremsstrahlung influence to the surrounding environment is acceptable.
  • Clinical Observation of 89Sr Radio-Therapy Combined with Hyperthermia for Pain on Bone Metastasis
    ZHANG Lei, LIU Xiao, WANG Yan-jun, ZHANG Xue-yong
    2016, 25(5): 622-624. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.047
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    Objective To study the efficacy observation of bone metastases treated by 89Sr radio-therapy combined with hyperthermia. Methods A total of 70 patients were randomly divided into two groups. The experiment group(n=35) received 89Sr radio-therapy combined with hyperthermia and the control group(n=35) received only 89Sr radio-therapy. The efficacy and physical situation were observed two weeks after treatment. Results The experimental pain relief rate was 82.8%, the control group was 60%, comparing the two groups was statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The experimental group and control group KPS improvement rate were 57.1% and 31.4%,the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Conclusion 89Sr radio-therapy combined with hyperthermia can control the pain on bone metastasis which serves as a better therapeutic choice for pain on bone metastasis.
  • Application Effect Discussion of Breast Molybdenum Target Digital Photography Technology for the Occupying Lesions in Female Breast
    LIU Guang-hu, YU Hao, TANG Jie
    2016, 25(5): 627-629. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2016.05.050
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    Objective To study application effect discussion of breast molybdenum target digital photography technology for the occupying lesions in female breast. Methods 96 cases of patients with breast mass was chosen from May 2014 to May 2015 treated in our hospital as the research object. For the implementation of breast molybdenum target digital photography in all patients, and all patients of breast masses live to organize the implementation of pathological examination, recorded and contrast examination results. Results The diagnostic results of digital molybdenum target photography and pathological results were compared, which had no significant difference (P > 0.05). The age of onset of breast cancer after inspection to learn digital molybdenum target mammography and pathology after ≥ 40 years old showed a significantly higher rate than < 40 years of age. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Pathological examination results as the gold standard, digital molybdenum target photography sensitivity was 97.87% (92/94). The specificity was 100% (2/2) with the accuracy of 97.92% (94/96). Conclusion Mammography digital photography technology has great application value for the female breast lesions, and higher accuracy. It is worthy of promotion and application in clinical diagnosis.