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  • 28 April 2015 Volume 24 Issue 2
      
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  • Ananlysis on Leucocyte of Radiation Workers in the Selected Health Checkup Institutions
    CHENG Xiao-qing, ZHAO Shi-yi, LI Jie-qing, WU Yan-yan, CHEN Wei, LIN Hai-hui, LEI Shu-jie, FU Ying-hua, LI Xiao-juan, SUN Quan-fu
    2015, 24(2): 97-100. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.001
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    Objective To investigate the physical condition of radiation workers by analyzing their leucocyte and try to identify major influential factors associated with their leucocyte. Methods Physical examination data of radiation workers in the selected health checkup institutions in 2011, 2012 and 2013 were analyzed and compared with that general population. Single factor analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used for statistical analysis. Results This study collected 7314 effective physical examine data. They were from 5595 (76.50%) male and 1719 (23.50%) female. The average age was (37.71 ±10.14) and the mean of leucocyte was (6.29 ±1.60)×109/L. Leucocyte mean of average population is (6.50 ±1.53)×109/L. According to analysis, the leucocyte level of the subjects was 3.23% statistically lower than those of average population (P < 0.001). The leucocyte mean of female was not as high as that of male. Among people under the age of 50, leucocyte level of elder people tended to be statistically lower than that of the younger ones (P < 0.05). Difference among provinces(city) were statistically different(P < 0.05). No statistical significance was found among different work types after adjusted by age, gender and district factors(P > 0.05). Conclusion Leucocyte level of radiation workers was within the medical reference range, but lower than average people. Gender, age and district related factors maybe influential. Whether work type is an influential factor or not needed further research.
  • The Distribution of 131I on Various Organs and Tissues in Mice
    ZHENG He, WANG Yan, WAN Shu-li, DONG Ye-guang-zhi, MENG Qing-yong
    2015, 24(2): 101-103. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.002
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    Objective To research the distribution of 131I on various organs and tissues in mice. Methods To give the different doses of 131I in mice by intraperitoneal injection, Count by γ counter detection rate of different mouse tissues and organs,the percent of the injected does per gram(% ID/g) was calculated for each sample. Results Mice were given intraperitoneal injection of 131I with 105 Bq/g. The content of 131I in thyroid was higher than that of the heart,liver,spleen,lung and other tissues 24 h after the injection of 131I. Except of blood,1 Bq/g + 105 Bq/g、10 Bq/g + 105 Bq/g and 100 Bq/g + 105 Bq/g the content of 131I in three groups of mice heart, liver,spleen,thymus and thyroid and other organs was significantly higher than that of pure mice of the group of 105 Bq/g. The two groups of 1 Bq/g + 105 Bq/g and 10 Bq/g + 105 Bq/g the content of 131I into blood in mice were significantly lower than those of the group of 105 Bq/g. Conclusion Thyroid is a clear poly iodine, performance of the highest content 131I into mice 24 hours later. Except of blood,pre 131I with 1 Bq/g, 10 Bq/g and 100 Bq/g and intraperitoneal injection of 105 Bq/g of 131I in the heart, liver, spleen, thymus and thyroid and other organs showed a synergistic effect. Distribution of 1 Bq/g and 10 Bq/g receiving intraperitoneal injections of 131I can reduce the content of 131I with group of 105 Bq/g in blood, which shows an adaptive response.
  • Radiological Health Standard System of Radiodiagnosis and Radiotherapy and Classification Criteria of Equipment Performance Parameters
    CHEN Er-dong, MA Yong-zhong, JU Jin-xin, XUE Ru, SU Xu
    2015, 24(2): 104-108,112. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.003
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    Objective To establish a basic radiological health standard system of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy and to propose a preliminary classification criterion of equipment performance parameters. Methods The current effective radiological health standards of radiological protection including the testing standards of quality control and radiation protection were confirmed as the investigation object, and they were classified according to their applied scope and implementation property. Then, the equipment testing parameters were studied and weight analyics was made by means of selecting GBZ126 as an example. Results In the field of current effective health protection of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy, statistics show that there were 9 standards of quality control and 8 standards of radiological protection respectively by the end of October 2014. On the basis of these criteria, a radiological health standard system of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy was built and a preliminary classification criterion of equipment performance parameters was formed. Conclusion The standard system of radiodiagnosis and radiotherapy should be modified, supplemented and perfected deeply on the basis of implementation status of existing standards and the current situation of medical equipment requirements. The reasonable and feasible classification criteria of equipment performance parameters can be proposed only after the relationship between quality control and radiological protection has been taking into account.
  • Dosimetric Comparison of Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy with Fixed Field Intensity modulated Radiotherapy for Cervical Carcinoma
    LIU Pei-pei, CAO Yong-zhen
    2015, 24(2): 109-112. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.004
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    Objective To compare the dosimetric difference between volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and seven fixed field intensity modulated radiotherapy (7IMRT) in middle and advanced cervical carcimona. Methods Ten patients of middle and advanced cervical carcinoma who are unsuitable for brachytherapy for technical or medical reasons were enrolled in this study. Seven field IMRT and VMAT plans were generated for these patients. Dose volume histograms were adopted for the statistics of D2,D98,Dmean,conformal index(CI),homogeneity index(HI) of GTV and PTV,dose volumetric parameters of normal tissues,the small intestine,rectum,bladder and femoral heads,total accelerator output monitor units and total treatment time. Results The mean dose of the GTV for the VMAT plan is higher than that of the 7IMRT plan, which has statistical significant differences. The D2,D98,CI,HI of the GTV for both plans have no significant differences, and still the D2,D98,Dmean, CI,HI of the PTV for the two plans have no significant differences. VMAT has a better sparing effect on the V40,V46, Dmean of the rectum and the two plans have no significant differences on the V10,V20,V30, of the rectum. And the effect of other sparing on the small intestine,bladder and femoral heads is weak between VMAT and IMRT. The mean monitor units by VMAT is fewer by 35.68% in comparison with those of 7IMRT,the treatment time by VMAT is shorer by 61.5% in comparison with that of 7IMRT. Conclusion VMAT achieves equal or better target coverage and organs at risk sparing while using fewer monitor units and less time. Key words Cervical Carcinoma; Volumetric Modulated Arc Therapy; Fixed Field Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy; Dosimetrics
  • Research on Intelligent Management of Radiopharmaceuticals
    MAO Yuan, YAO Tian-hou, ZHANG Yan-yan, LIU Jun, ZHANG Wei-fang, HOU Xiao-yan
    2015, 24(2): 113-116. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.006
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    Objective To aim directly at difficulty of month statistics for radiopharmaceuticals, the workers of nuclear medicine and the computer software professionals studied together for the intelligent management of radiopharmaceuticals in order to achieve an efficient and accurate statistics. Methods Radiopharmaceuticals statistical software by JAVA language and swing/jExeclApi library technology was made. All diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals were counted by this software in three (2012-2014) years. Results The statistical software make radiopharmaceutical statistics electronized and automatized, raising efficiency up to 12.5 times, the human error rate or the rate of repeat counting down to zero. Conclusion The intelligent management of radiopharmaceuticals was efficient and accurate, and making interdisciplinary troubleshooting efficient and feasible.
  • Measurement and Analysis of Leakage Radiation of A 15 MV Medical Electron Accelerator inside the M Area and outside the M Area
    YANG Shu-hui, LU Feng, ZHANG Lin, NIU Fei, ZHU Jian-guo
    2015, 24(2): 122-125. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.009
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    Objective To evaluate the protective performance of medical electron accelerator through measuring and analyzing the X-ray or neutron leakage radiation levels inside the M area and outside the M area of medical electron accelerators. Methods The ratio of X-ray and neutron leakage radiation on patients' radiotherapy plane was tested through thermoluminescent dosemeter(6LiF、7LiF glass tube and LiF(Mg,Cu,P) plastic tube) in a 23 Ex accelerator of Varian according to the measure method of leakage radiation inside the M area and outside the M area of GBZ 126-2011. Results The range of leakage radiation ratios of X-ray is between 0.023% to 0.028% with the average being 0.025% in M area. The range of leakage radiation ratios of X-ray is between 0.005% to 0.023% with the average being 0.014% outside the M area. The range of leakage radiation ratios of neutron is between 0.023% to 0.034% with the average being 0.031% outside the M area. Conclusion The maximum and the average ratio of leakage radiation of X-ray and neutron inside the M area and outside the M area meet the require of GBZ126-2011,but the average ratio of the neutron leakage radiation does not meet the require of GBZ126-2011.
  • Investigation of Radioactivity Level and Analysis of Nuclide Differences on Beijing Granite
    ZHANG Jie, CHENG Wu-yi, XIE Rui-nan, ZHANG Qin, LIANG Dong-sheng
    2015, 24(2): 127-130. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.011
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    Objective To detect the content of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K in granite, to explore the possible factors of radionuclide content, and make comclusions according to the national standards and the results of internal and external exposure index, radium equivalent, γ radiation effective dose equivalent to provide guidance for the choice of decoration with granite or formulat prevention measures in the future. Methods Using the ORTEC high purity germanium (HPGe) γ spectrometer to measure the contents and specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, the radioactive samples are collected in a stone trading market of Beijing. Results Radionuclide granite are diverse for the different regions and colors:Granites produced in south,such as Fujian, Guangdong and other places have higher radionuclide contents than that in the north region; Granite radionuclide contents with dark color are higher than the color of shallow. The radioactive level of basic rock and ultrabasic rock is low. The radioactive level of rock with no alteration is low. The longer the geological time,the lower the radioactive level. Conclusion To choose the type of low radionuclide content as the decorative materials, pay attention to the classification and the scope of application with the national safety standards, pay attention to the daily protection measures, to strengthen ventilation and to increase the monitoring and supervision of building materials are the measures to, for reduce the damage caused by radiation on the body.
  • Example Analysis of the Linear Accelerator Protective Door Reconstruction of A Hospital
    ZHU Wei-guo, LIU Mei, HOU Chang-song, LIANG Jing, ZHANG Qing-zhao
    2015, 24(2): 131-133. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.012
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    Objective To reconstruct the door of linear accelerator room for reducing the outside dose level of neutron shield door to reduce the harm to people. Methods According to the theoretical calculation results, to increase polyethylene based on the original door protection materials to reduce the neutron radiation outside. Results Prior to addition of polyethylene materials, neutron radiation dose level outside the door at 30cm were 2.54~3.83 μSv/h. After the reconstruction of the shield door, neutron radiation dose level outside were below the instrument detection limit. Conclusion When the electron nominal energy greater than 10 MeV, design of door of medical electron linear accelerator must consider the reduce of thought about the harm of neutron, materials with low atomic number were suitable for the neutron shielding.
  • Investigation on Personal Dose of Medical Diagnostic X-ray Workers in Lhasa City
    CHEN Wei, ZHANG Yi-mei, DU Xiang, CAO Xing-jiang, YU Ning-le
    2015, 24(2): 136-137. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.014
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    Objective To investigate the personal dose level of medical diagnostic X-ray workers in Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China and provide the scientific basis of protective measures. Methods adopt national standards for TL personal dose monitoriang methods. Results In this study, we selected 10 hospital for personal dose monitoring and the qualified rate were 91%. Conclusion Medical diagnostic X-ray workers protection is still the focus of future work in Lhasa City, Xizang Autonomous Region, China.
  • Health Status Analysis of 192 Interventional Radiation Workers in Shandong Province
    LI Bing, LI Jie-qing, HOU dian-jun, LI Wei-guo, MA Ya
    2015, 24(2): 138-140. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.015
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    Objective To understand the health status of the interventional radiation workers in Shandong province. Methods According to the occupational heath examination requirements for interventional radiation workers, Combining with personal dose monitoring results, the heath examination results of 192 interventional radiation workers in Shandong province were analyzed. Another 75 medical workers who had not been exposed to radiation and chemical toxicant professionally were taken as control group. Results The annual average dose equivalent of each interventional radiation workers increased with the length of service, reached the highest between 10 to 15 years of service, and then decreased. There were significant differences in medical symptoms, lens opacity rate,white blood cell,lymphocyte micronucleus rate between the groups. Conclusion Long term low dose professional ionizing radiation exposure can cause certain damage to the health of interventional radiation workers, and uherefore the protection need to be strengthened.
  • Analysis of the Key of the Radiation Protection Pre-Evaluation of Occupational Hazards of Large Irradiation Equipment
    REN Yue, ZHANG Hui-fang, WANG Jing-jie, HU Bo, DUAN Zhi-kai, LI You-shen
    2015, 24(2): 149-150. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.020
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    Objective To analyze the key step in the pre-evaluation of irradiation protection against occupational hazards aiming directly at giant irradiation facility, and provide references for the same kind of pre-evaluation in the future. Methods Taking the pre-evaluation of some giant irradiation equipment for example, it is separately discussed in three aspects:the devised evaluation of safety device, the verification calculations of shielding design and the management evaluation of irradiation health. Results The safety equipment of what the program intends to set up is all round in the three aspects mentioned in the method. Conclusion The activity of the radioactive source in giant irradiation facility is quite high, so we should refer to the more conservative principle in the pre-evaluation in the aim of confirming the irradiation facility going well.
  • Analysis of Nuclear Medical Staffs' Knowledge and Attitude on Radioactive Medical Wastes Management
    CHEN Xiang, QU Li-li, YIN Xin, GAI Ruo-yan
    2015, 24(2): 164-166. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.026
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    Objective To explore knowledge and attitude of nuclear medical staffs on radioactive medical wastes disposal and management. Methods A total number of 107 nuclear medical staffs working in tertiary hospital of Jinan City were questionnaired by answering a semi-structure self-administrated questions. Results The surveyed nuclear medical staffs has relevantly good knowledge on radioactive medical waste disposal and management in general. There was a statistical significance in categories of medical wastes, laws and regulations regarding radioactive medical waste management and correct hand washing practice among different positions. Longer working experience tends to have higher level of concern on radioactive medical waste management. Conclusion Occupational safety training and educational programs should target specific characteristics of nuclear medical staffs, such as working experiences and positions in order to achieve optimal effectiveness.
  • Study Indoor Eadon Concentration Levels and Human Radiation Exposure in Xi'an City
    JING Jun-bo, LU Xin-wei, LI Chang-zhuo, FU Lu-ying, SHI Lu, QIANG Long
    2015, 24(2): 167-169. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.027
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    Objective To get the understanding of the status of indoor radon concentration levels in Xi'an. Methods Indoor radon concentration in Xi'an was monitored with continuous radon monitor Model 1027.92 samples are selected in this research. In each sampling places, 2~3 points were chosen for 1 h continuous monitoring. The sample of indoor radon concentration level is on the average level at all points. Results Indoor radon concentrations within the range of Xi' an 3rd ring RD from 3.70 to 525.40 Bq/m3 with an arithmetic average of 89.93 Bq/m3, and in winter indoor radon concentration level is higher than that in spring. Conclusion The indoor radon concentrations of Xi'an are within the range of the national standard except for the cybercafe.
  • Performance Study on a Variety of Radon Measurement Instruments in Measurement of Rapid Changes of Radon Concentration
    SHEN Quan, WU He-xi, YANG Bo, WEI Qiang-lin, LIU Yi-bao
    2015, 24(2): 172-175. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.029
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    Objective To compare the performance and measurement results of three types of radon measuring instruments FD3017, RAD7 and Alpha GUARD which are commonly used for field radon measurement. Methods A common radon room and abasement with high radon soil were selected for field measurement of the radon gas and comparison. Results The measurement results of the three radon monitor are only affected by radon which remains in the device after measuring radon in the low to high radon environmental. Besides, RAD7 radon monitor is also influenced by the concentration of short-lived radon progeny which has accumulated in the detector, and also, affected by the short-lived daughters of Th. In "high to low" radon concentration process of the Alpha GUARD radon monitor, the higher the radon concentration, the farther deviate from the true value for the device indication or even to be collapsed. Conclusion Under the condition of rapid changes in radon concentration, FD3017 has higher stability, and others suffered different degree influences.
  • Comparative Analysis of Echocardiography With Electrocardiography, Coronary CT in Diagnosis of Coronary Heart Disease
    LU Ai-qing, LI Quan-tai, SUN Zuo-zhong
    2015, 24(2): 186-188. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2015.02.035
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    Objective To comparatively analyze the value of transthoracic echocardiography(TTE) and electrocardiography (ECG), Multi slice spiral CT coronary angiography(MSSCTCA) in diagnosis of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods The findings of TTE, ECG, and MSSCTCA were retrospectively analyzed in 207 cases diagnosed as CHD, and the results were compared with those of coronary angiography (CAG). Results Among the 207 cases, 165 cases of CHD were confirmed by CAG. TTE showed regional wall motion abnormality in 139 cases, ECG showed ST-T changes in 115 cases, MSSCTCA showed abnormal imaging in 149 cases. The sensitivity and specificity of TTE and ECG, MSSCTCA in diagnosis of CHD were 79.39%、59.39%、87.89% and 80.95%、59.52%、90.48% respectively. Conclusion The sensitivity and specificity of MSSCTCA is higher than TTE and ECG. It has higher accuracy in diagnosis of CHD, which is worth applying widely in clinic.