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  • 28 March 2007 Volume 16 Issue 1
      
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  • Some Problems in the Action Level and Dose Assesment of Radon
    PAN Zi-qiang
    2007, 16(1): 1-2.
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    In the recent past, remarkable progresses has been made in radon epidemiological investigation for human populations, with the radon-induced excess relative risk being 0.16%/100 Bq m-3.It should be noted, for implementing radon action standards, that the action levels are differently implicated for population dwellings and workplaces.The dose limits and the derived air concentration are provided for the individuals, both of which can not be used as the main basis for controlling workplaces (sources).The controlling of radon concentrations should be based primarily on radiation protection optimization and constraints.
  • Intercomparison on the Measurements of Radionuclides in the Ceramic Brick of China
    ZHANG Jing, XU Cui-hua, ZHANG Qing
    2007, 16(1): 3-4.
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    Objective To inspect the veracity and reiteration of γ-spectrometry in radioactive measurements.Methods To be performed by multilateral intercomparison on measurements of radionuclides in two kinds of Chinese ceramic brick samples with γ-spectrometry between laboratories of Japan and of China.Results The maximum difference of which the values measured by our laboratory related to the total average is 4.21%, and with an equipotent probability of positive and negative difference occurred.These showed that the veracity and reiteration of our measurement system are fine without obviously system errors.Conclusion It has proved that the quality guarantee system and quality control technology of our γ-spectrum system is perfected and effective up to now.
  • The Comparison of Cell Survival Probability Values Obtained from Three Methods after Irradiation Respectively
    WANG Gao-ren, JU Yong-jian, Song Wei-hua, et al
    2007, 16(1): 5-6.
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    Objective To analyze the difference among the cell survival probability (S) results, which were measured and calculated with microscope, flow cytometry and MTT methods respectively.Methods For the same cell sample after irradiation, the S value was deduced by the above mentioned three methods respectively and was compared with each other.Results Among the S values obtained from three methods, it can be seen that, the lowest one is from flow cytometry, the largest one is from MTT method, which is so much large as several times as the tolal values of the other two.Conclusion It's better to choose the right method for different experimental objective, otherwise perhaps the error would be caused by the inexact data.
  • Left-half-body-irradiation Induced Mouse Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Cells DNA Damage in Non-irradiation Area
    YANG Long, WANG Yi-ping, RONG Shu, et al
    2007, 16(1): 7-10.
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    Objective:To investigate the DNA damage of mouse bone marrow hematopoietic cells in non-irradiation area after being irradiated by way of left-half-body.Methods 6~8 weeks male Kunming strain mice were randomly divided into 4 groups i.e.normal control (NC), total-body-irradiated (TBI), left-half-body-irradiated (LHBI), and total-body-shield-irradiated (TBSI).Half-body-irradiated model were made with two pieces of 5cm×8cm×16cm overlapped lead bricks shielding right-side body and irradiated with 8.0 Gy 60Coγ-ray.The TNF-α, SOD, MDA in mouse serum were measured and the DNA damages of bone marrow hematopoietic cells were observed by comet assay and the frequency of polychromatic erythrocytes micronucleated (fMPCE).Results In the left-half-body-irradiated condition, The TNF-α and MDA were increased and the SOD was decreased in serum remarkably (compared with NC, P<0.01);In non-irradiation area, the fMPCE and the percentage of bone marrow hematopoietic cells with comet-like tail, were aggravated significantly.Conclusions Our study suggest that the local irradiation result in the DNA damage of bone marrow hematopoietic cells in non-irradiation area, and the increasing of TNF-αand reactive oxygen or free radicals may play an important role in the damages.
  • Effects of 9402 to the Sensibility of the Epithelia of Mouse Small Intestinal Crypts
    LIU Xiao-qiu, WANG Rong-xian, et al
    2007, 16(1): 10-11.
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    Objective To observe on the effect of 9402 to the sensibility of the epithelia of mouse small intestinal crypts.Methods Put tissue slices of the mouse small intestinal under the microscope, and then to observe the number of the regenerated mouse small intestinal crypts under different dose of sole radiation, and radiation plus drug.Results In the circumstances of different dose, it all showed no obvious difference between the sole radiation group and the group of radiation plus drug.Upon statistic adjustment, it still did not show obvious difference (P>0.05).In case of joint implementation of 9402 and 60Coγ, the sensibility ratio is 1.02.Conclusion 9402 has no obvious effect to the sensibility of normal small intestinal crypts.
  • Theoretical Study of Radioprotective Agents DMSO, As2O3 as Differentiation-inducing Agent and Apoptotic Agent for Tumor Cells
    SUN Hua-bin, MA Guang-peng
    2007, 16(1): 12-14.
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    Objective To study the radiportective agents DMSO, As2O3 and their electronic structures, spectral and quantum mechanism as differentiation-inducing agent and apoptotic agent for tumor cells.Methods To study the radiportective agents DMSO, As2O3 and their electronic structures, spectral and quantum mechanism as differentiation-inducing agent and apoptotic agent for tumor cells by the quantumbiological methods:ab initio and Density Functional Theory (DFT).Results A hypothesis was produced of moderate oxidative stress of free radicals with bi-directional action selectively inducing the differentiation and apoptosis of cells.And it was tested by quantum results by way of the deputies DMSO and As2O3.In the meantime, the microstructural data of free radicals, including geometrical structure, electronic structure, spectral characteristics, frontier orbital, population analysis, spin analysis, etc., was studied.The free radicals were produced by exchanging electrons bidirections from DMSO and As2O3.A possible quantum mechanism on selectively inducing the differentiation and apoptosis of tumor cells was investigated.
  • Investigation of the Level of Radionuclide on 222Rn/220Rn and of γ dose rate in Underground Coal Mines in Hebei province
    LIU Fu-dong, SHANG Bing, WANG Chun-hong, et al
    2007, 16(1): 14-16.
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    Objective To investigate the level of radionuclide in underground coal mines at Tangshan district in Hebei province.Methods The radon concentration and γ dose rate of four underground coal mines were measured with accumulative method and instant method.The activity concentration of radionuclide was measured with high pure germanium (HPGe) spectrum.Result The accumulative measurement at four coal mines in the district show that 222Rn concentration is 50.1Bq/m3, 220Rn is about 38.4 Bq/m3 and γ dose-rate of underground coal mines is 108nGy/h;Instant measurement indicates that radon concentration is 8.7±17.0 Bq/m3 and γ dose-rate is 67nGy/h at the earth surface;the arithmetic mean values of activity concentration of radionuclides for 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K are 39.6, 31.3, 36.3, 26.0Bq/kg, respectively.Conclusion Radon concentrations in underground coal mines are higher than that in the open environment.Contents of radionuclide of coal are all apparent lower than that of average of the whole country.The normalized collective dose is 4.67 man·mSv (Mt)-1.
  • Measurement of DNA Breakage and Breakage Repair In Mice Spleen Cells Induced by Ionizing Radiation
    WANG Qin, YUE Jing-yin, LI Jin, et al
    2007, 16(1): 17-20.
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    Objective To investigate the radioresistance mechanism of IRM-2 mice through measuring DNA single-strand break (SSB) and double-strands break (DSB) as well as their repair.Methods Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used to measure DSB and SSB in IRM-2 mice and their parental mice ICR/JCL and 615 mice after exposure to different doses of γ-ray at different postirradiation time.Results The initial DNA damages, ie the quantities of DSB and SSB in unirradiation IRM-2 mice were less serious than that of their parental mice ICR/JCL and 615 mice (P<0.01).The percentage of DSB and SSB in IRM-2 mice was significantly lower than that of ICR/JCL and 615 mice after exposure to various doses of γ-ray (P<0.01 and P<0.05).There were not statistic differences in DSB and SSB repair between IRM-2 mice and their parental mice after exposure to 2Gy radiation.The DNA damage repair rate induced by 4Gy and 8Gy radiation in IRM-2 mice was rapid, ie the repair rate of SSB and DSB after 0.5h and 1h postirradiation in IRM-2 mice was higher than that of their parental mice (P<0.01 and P<0.05).And remaining damages after repair in IRM-2 mice were lower than that of ICR/JCL and 615 mice.Conclusion The DNA damages in IRM-2 mice were lower than that of their parental mice after exposure to ionizing radiation.Moreover, the repair rate of SSB and DSB was higher than that of their parental mice, which perhaps were the radioresistance causes of IRM-2 mice.Therefore IRM-2 mice are naturally resistant to DNA damages induced by ionizing radiation.
  • The Effect Caused by Low Dose Radiation on the Immune Function of Myelomonocytic Leukemia Mice
    Li Guang-zhou, LI Xian-jun, YU Ming-ming, et al
    2007, 16(1): 20-21.
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    Objective To investigate the effects caused by low dose radiation on the level of IL-2, TNFα and SOD in serum of myelomonocytic leukemia mice.Methods 48 experimental animal models of myelomonocytic leukemia were randomly divided into 6 groups.All were irradiated with 0mGy, 10mGy, 30mGy, 50mGy, 75mGy and 120mGy LDR respectively.and were to be killed at 24h in order to extract serum samples.The level of IL-2, TNFα and SOD in all the serum samples was examined.Results The level of IL-2, TNFα and SOD among the mice irradiated with different doses was different.A remarkable difference was caused by 50mGy, 75mGy and 120mGy radiation (P all<0.05).75mGy irradiation was the most efficient dose, which caused significant effect on IL-2 and SOD.Conclusion The most effect of immune in myelomonocytic leukemia mice could be significantly caused by 75mGy radiation.
  • Research on Radon Concentration and Radioactivity Level of Part Coal Mine in Guizhou Province
    LI Zhou, YANG Zhong, WEI Tao, et al
    2007, 16(1): 22-24.
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    Objective To research and assess radon concentration and radioactivity level of part coal mine in Guizhou province.Methods To measur the radon concentration in well, analyze the content of nature radionuclide, measure γ radiation levels, survey 13 underground coal mine in 4 county of Guizhou province.Results In this survey, radon concentration between 31.7 and 351.7 Bq/m3;content of nature radionuclide in coal, 226Ra is between 14.1 and 1 573.5 Bq/kg, 232Th is between 13.8 and 40.2 Bq/kg, 40K is between less than LLD (lower limit of detection) and 497.2 Bg/kg, γ radiation levels is between 4 and 48(×10-8Gy/h).Conclusion By using mechanical ventilation facility, there is good ventilated rate in the well of coal mine, therefore the radon concentration is lower using[1, 2].Coal with high radioactivity level and residue will be harmful to environment of storing site, affective the reuse of residue.
  • Changes of Serum Lipid for Patients with Subclinical Hypothyroidism Induced by Post-radiotherapy Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
    SHAO Qian, ZHAO Bao-hua, LIANG Chao-qian, et al
    2007, 16(1): 24-26.
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    Objective To study the changes of serum lipid of pre-and post-treatment by Levothyroxine (LT4) for patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT) induced by post-radiotherapy nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods From Nov.1998 to Nov.2002, 76 NPC pathologically confirmed patients were treated by radiotherapy.The total dose of thyroid was 45Gy~60Gy and the median dose was 50Gy.There were 40 patients with normal thyroid function (NC group) and 36 patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (SHT group).The SHT patients received LT4 treatment from 25μg/day with the does gradually increased till thyrotropin (TSH) was normal.The serum levels of TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in NC group and SHT group was measured and compared before and after LT4 treatment.Results The serum levels of TSH、FT3、FT4、TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C in pre-and post-treatment SHT group and NC group were significantly different between those in the pre-and post-treatment SHT group was measured ana compared, and pre-treatment SHT group and NC group except HDL-C (P<0.001 or 0.05).Conclusions Radiotherapy on NPC patients can induce SHT, and LT4 treatment for SHT patients can ameliorates the function of thyroid and metabolism of serum lipid.
  • The Effects of Low Dose Radiation (LDR) on Mice of Immune Function
    FENG Li, DENG Da-ping
    2007, 16(1): 26-28.
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    Objective To find out the Effects of Low Dose Radiation (LDR) on mice of immune function.Methods Through flow cytometry to observe and analyse the effects of the leukomonocyte.Through immunohistochemistry to study IL-2, TNF-а.Results At dose of 100mGy the stimulative effect on CD4+ cells, CD8+ cells and NK activity was higher than that at other doses.At dose of 500mGy leukomonocyte activity was lower.At dose of 100mGy, the colorations about IL-2, TNF-а deepen.Conclusion LDR could stimulate immune function, especially at dose of 100mGy.while at dose of 500mGy, radiation could restrain the leukomonocyte activity.
  • The Effect of Microwave on Thyroid Gland and T3、T4 in Blood Serum
    LU Bo, ZHONG Ming, ZHANG Guang-Bing
    2007, 16(1): 28-30.
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    Objective To study the effect of Microwave on thyroid gland and T3、T4 in Blood Serum.Methods After exposure to 65w/cm2 and 5w/cm2 microwave, changes of thyroid gland in rats were detected by HE stain and T3、T4 in blood serum was examined by radioimmunoassay.Result In 65 w/cm2 irradiation group, the physiological damage was developing with the days of the irradiation.And the T4 blood serum concentration increased on the 1d irradiation, but decreased gradually during the last irradiation and reached to the lowest point at the 14th day.T3 decreased gradually during the radiation.In 5 w/cm2 microwave irradiation group, only slight physiological changes were found.T4 decrease during irradiation but increased significantly at the 4th day after irradiation.T3 level decreased gradually during the irradiation while there was no statistical difference.Conclusion The results showed that the continued microwave irradiation can induce changes of thyroid gland and T3、T4 in blood serum.
  • Histopathologic Manifestationof Crinis Carbonisatusparticulates (CCP) Asa Vascular Embolization Agentby Animal Experiment
    YAO Zhen-jiu, Dai HONG-xiu, HAN De-yi et al
    2007, 16(1): 31-33.
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    Objective The purpose of this study is to evaluate the histopathologic manifestation of Crinis Carbonisatus particulates (CCP) as a vascular embolization agent by animal experiment.Methods A Chinese medicine product, Crinis Carbonisatus was made into particulates with a size 200 to 500μm in diameter.These CCPs were delivered into arterioles in left kidneys of three domestic dogs through 4F Cobra cathter under fluoroscopy.A super selective renal artery embolization was performed in 3 dogs by using these materials.Their six kidneys were removed and prepared for pathological examination and histopathologic study of 3 dogs were performed at different intervals within 8 weeks after embolization (7th, 14th, 56th, days).Results All 3 dogs well tolerated the anesthetic and endovascular procedures.On examination of the gross kidney speciments, thrombosis of the renal arterioles was noted.During the 8 weeks after embolization, a progressive, marked decrease in renal size occurred.Histopathologic evaluation conformed satisfactory of peripheral arteries.Acute or cheronic inflammatory cells were observed in several vessels containing CCP microparticles.The occlusion of vessels by CCP lasted at least for 8 weeks when a little recanalization was observed in the target tissue.Conclusion In the embolization mechanism, CCP attached to intima of target vessels firstly, induced thrombosis and a severe form panarteritis.Organization of the thrombos then took place and a complete occlusion of the vessels occurred, leading to severe ischemia as infaction of embolized area.
  • The Diagnosis Value of Endothelin, Calcitonin Gene-related peptide and the Ratio in Diabetic Nephropathy
    LI Lu-sheng, ZHAO Xin, CHI Liu-ying, et al
    2007, 16(1): 34-36.
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    Objective To evaluate the diagnosis value of Endothelin (ET), Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and theratio in diabetic nephropathy (DN).Methods To choose 54 healthy as the control group and 124 patients with diabetes or DN as test group.According to urinary albumin excretion rate (uAER), the test group was divided into three groups, which were diabetes group of normalalbuminuria (group A), early DN (group B) and clinical DN&renal failure group (group C).Plasma concentration of ET and CGRP were measured with radioimmunossay for those in the Control group and patients with diabetes or DN.Results The level of ET was significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy than that in the control group (P<0.01), and there was positive correlationbetween ET and uAER (r=0.591, P<0.01).The plasma level of CGRPwas significantly lower in diabetic nephropathy than that in the control group (P<0.01), and there was negative correlation between CGRP and uAER (r=-0.389, P<0.05).The level of ET, CGRP and ET/CGRP ratio have evidently changed with the uAER rised.Conclusion ①The level of ET, CGRP and type 2 diabetic nephropathy are closely related, and which probably plays a role in the development of DN.②ET/CGRP ratio, as a new way for diagnosis, can even more reflecte the seriousness of DN.③This experiment provide us a new way for the prevention and treatment of DN with extrinsic CGRP.