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  • 28 June 2005 Volume 14 Issue 2
      
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  • Characteristic Pathological Changes of Main Organs of Rats after Inhalation of Depleted Uranium Aerosol
    CAO Zhen-shan, ZHU M ao-xiang, YANG Zhi-hua, et al
    2005, 14(2): 81-84. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.001
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    Objective To explore the pathological and morphometric alteration of main organs of rat after inhalation of depleted uranium (DU) aerosole in order to provide information for medical protection against DU weapons.Methods Routine pathological technique and morphometric measurements were used to observe histopathological and morphological changes in lung, kidney, spleen, liver, brain of rats 1~14 months after inhalation of DU aerosol.Results After inhalaion of DU aerosol, lymphocytic infiltration in the pulmonary parenchyma, serious bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage and abscess formation were seen in some of the rats;distinct dilatation of tubules in renal cortex and papillae, casts in some tubules of the cortex, medulla and papillae, and interstitial hemorrhage were found in some other rats;deminution of the area of splenic white pulp, reduction of megakaryocytic mitosis were also observed.the incidence and severity of above changes in the lung and kidney, but not in the liver and brain, showed dependance on the length of time after inhalation or the dose of DU inhaled.Conclusion There are evident injurious effects on rat lung, kidney and spleen by inhalation of DU aerosol.
  • Rapid Analysis of Key Radionuclides in Urine and Estimation of Internal Dose for Nuclear Accident Emergency
    ZHAO Shuquan, HUANG Shi-bin, LIU Shi-ming, et al
    2005, 14(2): 85-87. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.003
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    Objective To estimate the internal doses of a Chinese visiting scholar in the Chernobyl accident.Methods The contents of 134Cs and 137Cs in urine were measured using a Ge (Li)γ-spectrometer.Their internal doses were estimated according to ICRP reports.Dose review of 131I was performed referring to UNSCEAR 2000 report.Results The effective dose equivalent from 134Cs、137Cs and 131I were 66 μSv、88 μSv and 1728 μSv respectively.Their summation was 1.9 mSv.Conclusion The internal dose from 131I was 10 times higher than that from 134Cs and 137Cs.So, the earlier estimation of internal doses for 131I is significant in evaluation on radiation injuries of a nuclear reactor accident.
  • Intercomparison Results on the Radioactive Measurement Between two sides
    HAN Yan-qing, XU Cui-hua, HU Ai-ying, et al
    2005, 14(2): 87-88. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.004
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    Objective To improving the radioactive measuring standards and guarantee the quality of the monitoring results.Methods To be done in accordance with the related national standards and the experience obtained in the long term the radioactive monitoring research.Results The analyzing results between each other are comparable within the acceptable difference.Conclusion The measuring results between the two labs are comparative, and the analytic method, mature and reliable.
  • Investigation on the State of Health (1993-1997)in Ambient Residents of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant in the Early Days
    YANG Yu-hua, LIANG Mian-ying, ZOU Jian-ming, et al
    2005, 14(2): 89-91. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.005
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    Objective To survey the data for the state of health in the ambient residents of Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant, and provide the background data to evaluate the state of health affected by fallout of nuclear power plant.Methods The datas were collected by a radiation epidemiology.The investigation was carried out in the area within 20 km of radius from Daya Bay Nuclear Power Plant, and the subjects who had lived there for three years or longer before January 1, 1993 and covered by the Household Registry were recruited to a cohort.Results The mortality rate of overall cancer (per 100 000 PYr) was 88.57 (the standard mortality rate was 79.77), the mortality rate of leukemia (per 100 000 PYr) was 3.24 (the standard mortality rate was 2.94), the palpation rate of the goiter in 7~14 years old was 8.34% (9.69% in B ultrasonic), the morbidity rate of newborn's defect (per 100 00 P) was 82.33.The mortality of all cancers or leukemia was similar to the result from other areas of Guangdong province or nation wide of China.The rate of the goiter in 7~14 years old was lower than the standard of the nation.The morbidity rate of newborn baby'defe ct was lower than that of the 30 provinces in China or the other areas of Shenzhen.Conclusion No unfavourable influences on the local residents in the early days of the power plant.
  • Study of the Frequencies of Micronuclei Induced in the Root-tip Cells of Onion Seedlings by 0.2 MeV Neutrons
    ZHANG Wenyi, JIAO Ling, HOSHI Masaharu
    2005, 14(2): 91-92. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.006
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    Objective To best understand the relative biological effectiveness (RBE) of mono-energetic neutrons.Methods To observe the difference of the frequencies of micronuclei induced in the root-tip cells of onion seedlings irradiated by 0.2 MeV mono-energetic neutrons from a Schenkel type accelerator and γ rays from a 60Co source.Results The frequencies of micronuclei induced by unit dose of 0.2 MeV mono-energetic neutrons and γ rays from a 60Co source are (133.0 ±6.4) and (3.59±0.19)% Gy-1, respectively.Thus, when a 60Co γ-ray source is used as reference radiation, the RBE value for 0.2 MeV mono-energetic neutrons to induce micronuclei in the root-tip cells of onion seedlings is about 37.0±2.7.Conclusions Using a 60Co γ-ray source as reference radiation, the RBE value of 0.2 MeV mono-energetic neutrons to induce micronuclei in the root-tip cells of Allium onion seedlings is as high as 37.0 ±2.7.It provides a good method to best understand the mechanism of the biological effectiveness of high LET neutrons, and for the basic study of radiation therapy.
  • Measurement of Indoor 222Rn、220Rn Concentration and EECTn in Nagoya Japan
    Chen Ying-min, Takao IIDA
    2005, 14(2): 93-95. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.007
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    Objective To study 222Rn、220Rn concentration and EECTn in indoor air.Method A small-scale survey of indoor radon and thoron concentration was carried out by using the new type of 222Rn、220Rn passive integrating cup monitor.M eanwhile the equilibrium equivalent concentration of thoron (EECTn) was measured with the Deposition Rate Monitor.Result For the random selective 20 dwellings the average concentration of 222Rn was 16.94 Bqm-3.The averaged concentration of EECTn and 220Rn was 2.75 Bqm-3 and 58.09 Bqm-3 respectively in 5 dwellings.Conclusion Indoor air 222Rn concentration of this study is consistent with the national survey of Japan in which the result was 15.5 Bqm-3.When the wall of dwelling is built by mud indoor 220Rn concentration maybe very high so further research on indoor 220Rn is necessary.
  • Protective Effects of Melatonin on Damage of Lymphocytes in Mice Induced by Ionizing Radiation
    ZHANG Xuan, WANG Zhenqi, LIU Yang, et al
    2005, 14(2): 96-99. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.cnki.issn.1004-714x.2005.02.009
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    Objective To explore the protective effects of melatonin (MLT) on the damage of lymphocytes in mice induced by ionizing radiation and its mechanism.Methods The percentages of apoptotic bodies and the DNA lytic rates of thymocytes and splenocytes in mice in vitro and in vivo were detected with flow cytometry and fluorospectrophotometry, respectively.MLT was given to mice through intraperitoneal injection 60 min before the whole-body irradiation with 2 Gy X-rays.Twenty four hours after irradiation, the number of thymocytes and splenocytes, 3H-TdR incorporative rate (HTIR) of thymocytes and T and B lymphocyte transfo rming rates (TLTR and BLTR) induced by Con A and LPS were observed.Results The apoptosis of mouse thymocytes and splenocytes in vitro increased with significant dose-dependence in 0.5~6.0 Gy irradiation.When MLT of 2 mmol/L was added into thymocytes or splenocytes in vitro before irradiation with 0.5~6.0 Gy, the percentages of apoptotic bodies and the DNA lytic rates all decreased significantly as compared with those in the irradiation group.When MLT was injected into intraperitonium in mice 60 min befo re the whole-body irradiation with 2 Gy, the percentages of apoptotic bodies and the DNA lytic rates were significantly lower than those in the irradiation group, and near or lower than those in the sham-irradiation group.MLT of 0.1~2.5 mg/kg decreased the ly mphocyte apoptosis, but without significant dose-dependence.The number of thymocytes and splenocytes, HTIR, TLTR and BLTR were all significantly lower than those in sham-irradiation group 24 h after irradiation (P <0.001).When MLT of 0.5~10 mg/kg BW was given before irradiation, the number of thymocytes and splenocytes was significantly higher than that in 0 mg/kg BW group (simple irradiation, P <0.01), and the effect of MLT of 0.5 mg/kg BW was more obvious;HTIR of thymocytes also increased significantly, and effect of 0.5 mg/kg BW was more obvious;TLTR induced by Con A in 0.5 mg/kg BW group increased more significantly, while BLTR in 10 mg/kg BW group increased more significantly.Conclusion MLT can decrease the damage of ly mphocytes in mice induced by ionizing radiation in vitro and in vivo, and has the protective effect on immune functions.