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  • 28 February 2019 Volume 28 Issue 1
      
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  • Estimation of eye lens dose in a patient with cataract using the new and old standards
    QIN Yongchun, WANG Jin, ZHU Xiaomin, YU Ningle
    2019, 28(1): 1-3. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.001
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    Objective To compare the estimated eye lens dose induced by ionizing radiation induced eye lens with two different versions of standards. Methods The dose of eye lens in a patient with cataract was estimated and compared according to the two versions of standards. Results According to the two standards,the eye lens doses were estimated to be 1.1 Gy and 2.0 Gy, respectively. Both of them reached the threshold of diagnostic criteria for occupational radiation cataract. while the dose, estimated by the old standard was higher than that of the new. Conclusion The new version of the standard improves the estimation of eye lenscaused by ionizing radiation, but there are still some difficulties in practicaluseapplication.
  • Study on the calibration method of absorbed dose to water using pinpoint ionization chamber
    HE Zhijian, YUAN Jilong, XUE Xian, CHENG Jinsheng
    2019, 28(1): 4-6. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.002
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    Objective To establish a calibration method of the absorbed dose to water using pinpoint ionization chamber at the radiation quality of 60CO gamma rays. Methods Reference dosimeter (FC65-G Farmer ionization chamber with DOSE 1 electrometer) was calibrated by the China Institute of Metrology for obtaining the absorbed dose calibration factor to water. 60Co gamma rays and the IAEA TRS-398 measuring procedure were used to measure the absorbed dose at depth of 10 cm water with the reference dosimeter. Alternative method, the water absorbed dose measurement and calibration of two pinpoint ionization chamber dosimeters were carried out. Replacing the 60Co gamma radiation field, the reference dosimeter and two pinpoint ionization chamber dosimeters were used to verify the dose. Results The measured results of absorbed dose to water at depth of 10 cm water at reference conditions were 0.249 9 Gy for reference dosimeter, 0.248 0 Gy and 0.250 0 Gy for two pinpoint ionization chambers,respectively. The relative deviations of the measurement were within ±0.8% between the reference dosimeter and two pinpoint ionization chamber dosimeters. The measurement uncertainty of the pinpoint ionization chamber was 2.8% (k=2). Conclusion The pinpoint ionization chamber can be used to measure the absorbed dose to water of small field.
  • Effect of montmorillonite on the transfer of cesium in soil-soybean system and analysis of bioavailability
    YAN Dong, JIANG Xiaoyan, DING Kuke, ZHAO Ye
    2019, 28(1): 7-11. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.003
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    Objective Radioactive cesium (Cs) was a mian cause of soil radioactive contamination. This study aimed at exploring the effect of montmorillonite on the transfer of cesium in soil-soybean system to provide theoretical basis for the remediation and evaluate bioavailability. Methods Varied montmorillonite were added to the Cs contaminated soil and pot experiments were conducted on soybean[Glycine max (L.) Merr.] uptake Cs in a green house. The bioavailability of Cs in roots directly contact soil, rhizosphere soil and non rhizosphere soil were analyzed with three different extractants. Results Adding 0.5% montmorillonite could significantly decrease Cs transportation, and the concentration ratio (CR) of roots, stems and leaves were 51%、76% and 66% respectively. The content of extracted Cs was in the order:NH4OAc > HAc > MgCl2. The exchangeable content extracted by NH4OAc was 10 times of the other two. There were positive correlation between exchangeable phrase Cs content by HAc and the Cs content in soybean organs. Conclusion By comparison analysis, 0.5% montmorillonite in experiment soil can be used as an optimal choice for soil remediation of Cs pollution. Meanwhile, HAc can be used as a reference to evaluate the bioavailability of Cs in soil.
  • Competitive combination with uranium(Ⅵ) between chelating agent and metallothionein
    ZHANG Xuxia, BAO Yizhong, WANG Mengmeng, CHEN Honghong
    2019, 28(1): 12-16. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.004
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    Objective To establish a new method for the in vitro screening of U(Ⅵ) decorporation agents by exploring the competitive combination with uranium (Ⅵ) between chelating agent and metallothionein (MT). Methods Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to detect the competitive ability of chelating agents to mobilize the U(Ⅵ) and Zn2+ binding to MT. MT antigen was coated on the surface of well of 96-well plates and then pretreated with U(Ⅵ) or Zn2+ and then individually treated with chelating agents of CBMIDA-CaNa2, BPCBG and DTPA-CaNa3 followed by reacted with MT antibody and the secondary antibody linked with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The absorption values were detected by spectrophotometry at 490 nm after the chromogenic reaction of OPD. Results The absorption values of this testing system increased with higher concentrations of coating MT and MT antibody, and the optimal concentration of coating MT and MT antibody were both 2 μg/mL. Similar to the effects of Zn2+, U(Ⅵ) treatment also reduced the absorption values of testing system, with the increase of U(Ⅵ) and Zn2+ concentration, and the optimal concentration of U(Ⅵ) and Zn2+ were both 300 μg/mL. Treatment with CBMIDA-CaNa2 and BPCBG significantly increased the absorption values of U(Ⅵ)-treated testing system, and effects of CBMIDA-CaNa2 were higher than that of BPCBG. DTPA-CaNa3 treatment had no effects on the absorption values of U(Ⅵ)-treated testing system. Importantly, the order of competitive ability of chelating agents to mobilize the U(Ⅵ) binding to MT was consistent with the results of previous in vitro cell culture and in vivo animal decorporation experiments for U(Ⅵ). In addition, treatment with the above chelating agents had no effects on the absorption values of Zn2+-treated testing system. Conclusion CBMIDA-CaNa2 and BPCBG can chelate U(Ⅵ) with MT, and the competitive chelation ability of CBMIDA-CaNa2 for U(Ⅵ) binding to MT is better than that of BPCBG while DTPA-CaNa3 has no obvious effect. This competitive ELISA assay can be used as a screening method for U(Ⅵ) decorporation agents in vitro which is simple, quick and high throughput.
  • A preliminary discussion on preventive effects of 1,2-propanediol against injury induced by 5.5 Gy 60Co γ ray in mice
    YI Lirong, TIAN Mei, PIAO Chunnan, GAO Gang, WU Lina, PAN Yan, LIU Jianxiang
    2019, 28(1): 17-21. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.005
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    Objective To explore the effect of 1,2-propanediol (PPD)against injury induced by irradiation in mice preliminarily. Methods 40 male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into five groups:control group, irradiation (IR) group, PPD administrated 1 h before irradiation,PPD administrated 3 h before irradiation, PPD administrated 6 h before irradiation. After 5.5 Gy 60Co γ-ray irradiation, peripheral blood in mice was collected on the 10th day to detect changes in peripheral blood white blood cell(WBC),red blood cell(RBC), and platelet(PLT). 36 male C57BL/6J male were randomly divided into three groups:control group, irradiation (IR) group, PPD administrated 1 h before irradiation. The mice were weighed at 7 d, 10 d, and 18 d after irradiation. The mice were sacrificed and the spleen index and thymus index were calculated. The pathological changes of spleen structure were observed 10 days after irradiation. Serum total superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were measured in mice 7 days after irradiation. Results PPD administered 1 h before irradiation significantly increased the peripheral blood WBC and PLT of mice 10 days after irradiation (t=2.53,3.72, P<0.05).The dose of PPD administered 1 h before irradiation significantly increased the body weight of mice 10 days after irradiation (t=2.86, P<0.05). The spleen index is higher than that of IR group 7 days after irradiation (t=2.95, P<0.05); the thymus index significantly increased 7 and 18 days after irradiation in PPD group (t=2.74, 6.81, P<0.05).PPD alleviated spleen damage of mice caused by irradiation. And PPD can alleviate the decrease of serum SOD in mice caused by radiation, but no statistically significance was found. Conclusions PPD administered 1 h before irradiation has a certain protective effect on radiation injury induced by 60Co γ-ray irradiation, by increasing the hematopoietic and immune capacity and alleviated oxidative stress.
  • Analysis on occupational heath management of medical radiation workers Gansu province in 2016
    WU Xiaoqin, LI Ye, LIU Gang, ZHANG Rong, NIU Limei, LIU Yinyin, LEI Hongyu
    2019, 28(1): 22-24. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.006
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    Objective To understand the occupational health management of medical radiation workers in Gansu Province. Methods The data of occupational health management of radiation workers in selected monitoring hospitals were collected through the questionnaire and further analyzed. Results The personal dose monitoring rate in the monitoring hospital of Gansu Province was 94.82%, the occupational health examination rate was 92.06%, the training rate was 86.93%, and the certificate rate was 76.42%. The protective equipments with low rate were lead protective gloves and lead protective hats. Conclusion The personal dose monitoring rate and occupational health check rate of medical radiation workers in Gansu Province are both high, but the training rate and the certificate rate are low. The supervision should be strengthened and the personal protective equipment allocation rate need to be improved.
  • Investigation on individual doses and health condition of nuclear medicine workers in a hospital in Nantong City,2010-2017
    ZHONG Ende, TAN Weiwei, CHEN Wucai, AN Na, SUN Huamin, SHA Lei, SANG Junyang
    2019, 28(1): 25-27. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.007
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    Objective Through analyzinge the status of individual doses and health condition of nuclear medicine workers in a hospital during 8 years, to provide scientific basis for the radiological protection management of nuclear medical department. Methods LiF(Mg,Cu,P) dosimeter was used for monitoring individual dose,and the physical examination data were recognized by the provincial administrative department. Results Totally 92 nuclear medicine workers and 512 radiological diagnosis workers were monitored during the 8 years. There was statistical difference between the individual dose of nuclear medicine workers and that of radiological diagnosis workers during 8 years(the per capita annual effective dose of nuclear medicine workers was(0.43~0.94)mSv/a,and the radiological diagnosis was(0.10~0.51)mSv/a,and the results of occupational health examination showed no obvious abnormality. Conclusion For the 8 years,the average individual dose level of nuclear medicine workers was lower than the management target value(5 mSv/a),and the individual dose level was obviously higher than the radiological diagnosis workers. The radiological workers were in a good health,and the department of nuclear medicine is still need to strengthen radiological protection.
  • Analysis on current status of medical response capability to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China
    YUAN Long, FU Xiinming, LEI Cuping, SUN Quanfu
    2019, 28(1): 28-32. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.008
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    Objective To investigate and evaluate the current of medical response capability to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China. Methods The questionnaire was designed according to the duties and responsibilities, and was used to conduct the nationwide survey of medical response capabilities to nuclear or radiological emergencies. The survey data were collected to assess medical response capabilities to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China. Results At present China has established a medical response system for nuclear or radiological emergencies, and has certain response ability to nuclear or radiological emergencies. However, the survey data also revealed that there still eists some vulnerable fields in the current medical response framework. The provincial-level treatment network can no longer meet the current needs. The municipal-level and county-level monitoring and treatment capabilities in key regions are weak, and relevant trainings are insufficient. Conclusion It is recommended that health authorities at all levels take targeted measures to improve the treatment network, to establish regional centers, and to strengthen grassroots treatment and monitoring capabilities for further enhancing medical response capabilities to nuclear or radiological emergencies in China.
  • Study on radiation protection and risk perception of percutaneous vertebral augmentation in orthopedic surgeons
    HU Xiaosu, Su Yinping, CHEN Lijuan, TIAN Yun, REN Hua, FU Qingxin, LI Peiyao, LI Donrong, SUN Quanfu
    2019, 28(1): 33-36,51. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.009
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    Objective To explore the influencing factors of radiation protection and risk perception of percutaneous vertebral augmentation surgery by in orthopedic surgeons. Methods By using the method of convenience sampling, 109 orthopaedic surgeons were investigated in typical hospitals of percutaneous vertebral augmentation including 6 third-grade hospitals and 2 second-grade hospitals by using mobile phone electronic questionnaire APP. Results The most common methods used by orthopedic surgeons for radiation protection equipment were lead shield (89.0%); lead aprons/vests (78.0%); lead protective neck cover (61.5%).The most common way to take protective measures during intraoperative exposure was to move the lead shield (69.7%);minimize exposure time (45.0%); and evacuate outside the operating room (39.5%).During the examination and training of radiation professionals, 50.5% received personal dose monitoring and 49.5% did not receive monitoring;43.1% received radiological health examination and 56.9% did not receive it;42.2% received radiation training and 57.8% did not accept it. In terms of the perception of radiation risk, 81.7% of the patients answered correctly and 18.3% of the patients answered incorrectly in the dose sequencing caused by CT, fluoroscopy and radiography. Thyroid diseases (83.5%), cancer (76.2%) and blood system (73.4%) are the most harmful diseases in the recognition of the radiation effects on physical health.The best way to promote radiation health education is professional training (79.8%),on-site lectures (47.7%) and WeChat, Weibo (45.9%). Conclusion Strengthen the occupational radiation protection and occupational health management of orthopaedic radiologists, improve the medical radiation knowledge and occupational protection of orthopaedic surgeons, strengthen the management of professional training and on-site lectures, and enhance their participation initiative, so as to better improve the level of self-protection and radiation risk perception of orthopaedic surgeons.
  • Investigation and analysis of the frequency of radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy in Huizhou
    JIANG Shifeng, LI Xiangwu, CHENG Baogen, HU Huosheng
    2019, 28(1): 37-39,51. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.010
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    Objective To master the basic situation of radiological diagnosis and treatment in Huizhou and the frequency of radiological diagnosis and radiotherapy, scientifically implement the radiation protection management of medical institutions, and improve the level of radiation hygiene supervision and management. Methods According to the requirements of the "Medical radiation protection monitoring program of medical and health institutions in Guangdong Province in 2017", we carried out the general survey and on-site verification of the medical institutions providing radiological diagnosis and treatment in Huizhou. The EXCEL table was used to analyze the survey data, and the frequency of Radiology and treatment was calculated according to the 2016 resident population from the《2017 statistical yearbook》of Huizhou. Results In 2016, the total frequency of radiation diagnosis and treatment was 482.68 person time/thousand people, of which, the frequency of radiological diagnosis is 478.29 person time/thousand people, the frequency of interventional diagnosis and treatment was 1.76 person time/thousand people, the frequency of nuclear medicine diagnosis and treatment was 2.48 person time/thousand people, and the frequency of radiation therapy was 0.16 person time/thousand people. Conclusion The distribution of the institutions offering radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions in Huizhou, the distribution of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment and the staffs of radiological workers are uneven. The frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment in Huizhou in 2016 was significantly higher than that in Huizhou, Guangdong and the whole country in 1998, but lower than that in the neighboring cities as Shenzhen, Dongguan and Guangzhou in 1998.
  • The testing and analysis of quality control in 60Co sources afterloading brachytherapy machines in Sichuan Province
    LIU Ran, MA Qiao, HU Bo, LI Changhong
    2019, 28(1): 40-42. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.011
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    Objective By testing the performance of 10 60Co sources afterloading brachytherapy machines, the quality control status in Sichuan province was investigated, and research the test methods for quality control. Methods According to the test methods of the standard WS 262-2017 "Inspection specification for quality control of γ-ray sources afterloading brachytherapy ", 6 quality control test items of 60Co afterloading brachytherapy machine were tested. Results The relative deviation of the activity of a 60Co source was -9.9%, which exceeds the range of ±5.0%. The source cumulative positioning error of 1 machine is not within the standard limit. Conclusion Before making the plan and treatment, the quality control test should be carried out on the activity of every 60Co afterloading brachytherapy source and the performance of afterloading brachytherapy machine. The maintenance of machine performance should be strengthened.
  • A study on influence of milliampere-second on radiation dose and image quality in SPECT/CT examinations
    CHEN Rui, FENG Zhihui
    2019, 28(1): 43-46. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.012
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    Objective To provide a reference basi for reducing radiationdose of some CT in SPECT/CT examinations while ensuring quality of image. Methods By using SymbiaT2 of Siemens SPECT/CT,fixed tube voltage 130 kV and pitch 2.0, the volume CT dose index (CTDIvol)was measuredwhile Model of Catphan 600 was scanned under the condition of 100 mAs、130 mAs、160 mAs、190 mAs and 230 mAs, respectively. The quality indexes of CT images under various conditions are obtained by analyzing the scanned images. Results CTDIvol increased linearly with the milliampere second. the change of mA second has no effect on the high contrast resolution, the CT value and the linear index of the CT value, and the low contrast detectability, the uniformity and the noise value index decrease with the increase of milliampere-second. Conclusion The image quality of SPECT/CT image and radiation dose of CT in SPECT/CT increases with the increase of milliampere-second. While milliampere-second has no effect on the high contrast resolution, the radiation dose couldbe decreased appropriately under the guarantee of the quality of the image in specific conditions.
  • Comparison of double probe SPECT rotation center drift values evaluated by the curve fitting method and arithmetic mean method
    ZHANG Yu, LIU Hui, SONG Ying, GUO Zhaohui, LIU Ya, CHENG Jinsheng
    2019, 28(1): 47-51. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.013
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    Objective To study the difference of the rotation center drift values of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) equipment evaluated by curve fitting method and arithmetic average method. Methods Nine SPECT devices from 3 manufacturers were selected. Use both the curve fitting method and the arithmetic average methodto evaluate the drift values of the probe rotation centerfor each device, and compare their difference. Furthermore, the probes were were grouped according to the manufacturer, and the two evaluated results were compared with the results calculated with the manufacturer's own software. Results Among the 13 groups of 13 probes, no statistically significant difference was found between the results by using the two evaluation methods (P>0.05), and the difference between the evaluated values and the manufacturer's values were also not significant (P>0.05). The results of the two evaluation methods were consistent with the manufacturer's valuesresults. Conclusions Both methods can provide reference for the detection of rotational center drift.
  • Analysis on the result of 2017 personal dose monitoring nationwide intercomparison with OSL dosimeter
    WANG Lijiao, XIAO Wenhui, LU Ying, LIU Xiaolin, LU Zheng, HUANG Yan
    2019, 28(1): 52-54,62. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.014
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    Objective Analyze the result of 2017 personal dose monitoring nationwide intercomparison. Methods Given the performance characteristics of the OSL dosimeter, the evaluation results of 5 groups of dosimeters in intercomparison were analyzed in the energy response, the angle response, and the linear response. Results The 5 groups of dosimeters were irradiated with rays of different energies, incident angles and exposure dose. The P value can reflect the performance characteristics of the OSL dosimeter. The OSL dosimeter has obvious over-energy response in the low energy zone, which leads to high P values in the 2 groups irradiated with low energy X ray. The OSL dosimeter has the excellent angle response irradiated with 662 keV γ ray, as a result, each group's P value wasn't obviously influenced by incident angles. Conclusion The intercomparison result was qualified. It means that using the OSL dosimeter in the personal dose monitoring experiments can meet the requirement of the quality assurance.
  • Investigation and analysis of individual dose level of occupational external exposure of interventional radiology workers from 2016 to 2017
    ZHANG Weiwei, ZHANG Yu, SHI Yiting, YANG Meng, MA Chao, LIANG Ruifeng
    2019, 28(1): 55-58. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.015
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    Objective To investigate the individual dose level and protection status of occupational external radiation of interventional radiology staff, and to provide scientific basis for strengthening the radiation protection and supervision management of interventional radiology staff. Methods The Thermo Luminescence dosimetry(TLD)of LiF (Mg,Cu,P)was used to monitor the personal dose equivalent Hp(10)of occupational external exposure of the interventional radiology staff, and the X, γ diffuse ray patrol instrument 451P was used to detect the air kerma rate of the DSA equipment in the see-through protection zone. Results In 2016, a total of 757 occupational external exposures for interventional radiology were monitored, and 536 people were effectively monitored. The effective monitoring rate was 70.81%, and the per capita annual dose equivalent (mSv) was 1.29 mSv. In 2017, a total of 1,123 people were monitored and 309 people were effectively monitored. The effective monitoring rate was 27.52%, and the per capita annual dose equivalent (mSv) was 1.47 mSv; the difference of the per capita annual dose equivalent among radiationstaff was statistically significant in different positions in 2017(χ2=11.612, P<0.01).The total air kerma rate in the second surgeon position was higher than the first surgeon position,and the head air kerma energy value was higher than other positions. Conclusion The personal dose of external radiation for interventional radiology staff in 2016-2017 is at a lower dose level, but the effective monitoring rate was low. The radiation protection work still needs to be continuously improved, and the emphasisshould be on strengthening radiation protection training for interventional radiology staff and their manage.
  • Comparative study on dosimetry of homemade TOMO phantom and Cheese phantom in tomotherapy
    GUO Xingzhao, XU Wei, DAI Xiangkun, CHENG Jinsheng
    2019, 28(1): 59-62. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.016
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    Objective To preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of home-made TOMO phantom for clinical practice by comparing the difference in dose verification between the home-made TOMO phantom and the Cheese phantom of the Tomotherapy(TOMO) system. Methods Five different test depths were selected on the central axis of the phantom, and the charge amount at each position was measured by the A1SL ionization chamber and the Tomoelectrometer electrometer in the condition of TOMO fixed irradiation field. According to the American Association of Medical Physicists (AAPM) TG-148 report and TG-51 report, calculate the absorbed dose at the corresponding position, and compare the dose difference between the two phantoms. Results The relative deviations of the five different depth doses in the home-made TOMO phantom and the Cheese phantom were 0.35%, 0.3%, 0.3%, 0.34% and 0.0%, respectively. Conclusion The relative deviation of the two phantom dose measurements were less than 0.35%,which indicates that the home-made phantom and the Cheese phantom consistent in dose performance. The home-made TOMO phantom could be used for the dose measurement of TOMO.
  • Measurement and analysis of the radioactivity concentration of in a kneepad and a waist support
    ZHANG Jing, WAN Yongliang, LI Zeshu, ZHOU Qiang, YANG Baolu, TUO Fei
    2019, 28(1): 63-65. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.017
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    Objective To measure the radioactivity concentration of in the kneepad and waist support samples with abnormally high gamma radiation. Methods The γ-spectrometer was calibrated by the method of sourceless efficiency calibration, and the concentration of radionuclides in the knee pad and the waist support were measured. Results The concentrations of the waist support were 409±30 Bq/kg、137±10 Bq/kg and 1 634±122 Bq/kg for the 238U, 226Ra and 232Th, respectively. While the concentrations of 238U, 226Ra and 232Th in the knee pad were 770±56 Bq/kg、283±22 Bq/kg and 3 106±230 Bq/kg, respectively. Conclusion The concentrations of radionuclides in both the kneepad and waist support were relatively high. It exists a potential external exposure to human body, and more attentions should be paid.
  • Study on radionuclides in air fallout analyzed by gamma spectrometry in Shenzhen
    FENG Jiangping, LIU Yan, DING Minxia, SHI Jinsong, GUO Jianfeng
    2019, 28(1): 66-68. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.018
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    Objective Based on the gamma spectrometry analysis of the radionuclides in the air fallout in Shenzhen between 2013 and 2014, to learn the contents of different kinds of radionuclides in the air fallout, providinge a scientific basis for the daily and nuclear emergency monitoring of the atmospheric radioactivity. Methods Dry deposition was selected and sampled in the method based on "The Environmental Air Quality Monitoring Specifications". Gamma spectrometry analysis was conducted on the samples collected according to "The Standard Testing Method for Drinking Water-Radioactivity Index (GB/T 5750.13-2006)". Results Natural radionuclides 238U, 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 7Be were detected in the air fallout. No artificial radionuclides were found. Conclusion The results are comparable to those aquired by the CDC of Shenzhen (1993-2005) and the Guangdong Environmental Radiation Monitoring Center (2007-2010). Their data share the consistent variation tendency, and falls within the normal range.
  • Results and analysis of participation in the medical accelerator dose output comparison organized by IAEA/WHO
    ZHAO Hongfu, ZHAO Zhipeng, WANG Zhiqiang, CHENG Guanghui
    2019, 28(1): 69-71. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.019
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    Objective To check the accuracy of medical accelerator dose by participating in international comparisons by postal TLD organized by the IAEA/WHO. Methods Apply for the IAEA/WHO postal TLD dose audit to obtain the participation qualification. For each energy condition, irradiate the 2 TLD samples at an irradiation dose of 2 Gy and fill out the data sheet. Mail the TLDs and data sheet back to the IAEA lab, and the results were given after the IAEA measurements. Results The mean measured dose of the 6 MV photon beam was 2.00 Gy with an average deviation of 0.0%, and the doses for 2 TLDs irradiated at 10 MV photon beam were both 2.02 Gy with an average deviation of -0.8%. Conclusion The comparison results met the requirement within allowable deviation of ±5% set by IAEA.
  • Study on the radon concentration and the surface level of γ radiation dose rate in the stations of Nanning metro line
    LU Xiufang, ZHAO Xinchun, MA Yilong, FENG Lanying, LEI Jiajie, LIANG Ting, XIE Ping
    2019, 28(1): 72-75. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.020
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    Objective To understand the levels of radon concentration and γ radiation in the stations of Nanning Metro Line 1, and evaluate the radiation dose exposed to the subway staff. Methods With scintillation flask and instantaneous monitoring instument, the radon concentrations and the gamma instantaneous dose rates of Nanning Metro Line 1 were determined, and the data were analyzed and compared. According to the evaluation method recommended by United Nations Scientific Committee on the effects of atomic radiation, the annual effective radiation dose caused by radon and its progeny and γ radiation, and its health effects on subway workers were estimated. Results the average radon concentration in Nanning Metro Line 1 was 18.5 Bq/m3; the average annual effective dose of radon and its decay products was 0.133 mSv/a; the average gamma radiation level was 0.097 u Sv/h; the annual effective dose exposed to subway workers was 0.194 mSv/a, and the combined dose was 0.327mSv/a. Conclusion Radon concentration level and γ instantaneous dose rate of Nanning Metro Line 1 will not cause an additional health deterioration on the subway staff and passengers.
  • Weakly penetrating radiation of pressurizer in the primary loop of Qin Shan phase II nuclear power plant
    WEI Yingjing, LIU Liye, ZHAO Pengfei, WANG Ruijun, KE Haipeng, ZHU Aozheng
    2019, 28(1): 76-79. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.021
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    Objective To survey the weakly penetrating radiation of the pressurizer during several overhauls in Qin Shan phase Ⅱ nuclear power plant. Methods To investigate the radiation source characteristics through measurement of γ spectrum and β spectrum, and use the directional dose equivalent rate meters and ambient dose equivalent rate meters to, monitor the dose rates of sealed linings of the pressurizer. Results The main radionuclides species and β energy distribution range in the pressurizer were analysisedas, and the ratios amongg the Ḣ*(10), Ḣ'(0.07) and Ḣ'(3) were given. Conclusion The weakly penetrating radiation of the pressurizer is related to type of overhaul and the running period of the reactor.
  • Investigation of environmental radioactivity level around a decommissioned uranium mine in western Yunnan
    ZHAO Zhen, MU Sheng, FAN Fang, ZHANG Bingxiang, YANG Zijian, WU Guoliang
    2019, 28(1): 80-84. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.022
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    Objective To investigate radioactivity level in the surrounding environment ofadecommissioned uranium mine in western yunnan,and evaluate health risks to residents. Methods The crops,soil andwater samples were collectedand analyzed using HPGe gamma ray spectrometer,to get the radionuclide contents in the environmental medium. Results In the samples, the mean specific activitiesl of 238U、232Th、226Ra、40Kand 137Csin soil were83.0,85.4,71.4,524and 1.27Bq/kg,respectively;the mean specific activities of 238U,232Th,226Ra,40K and 137Csin fresh tea leaves were 0.061, 0.652, 0.650, 92.5 and 0.061 Bq/kg,respectively;the mean specific activities of 238U、232Th、226Ra、40K and 137Csin maizewere0.184, 0.122, 0.302, 78.3 and 0.015 Bq/kg,respectively; Radioactivity levels of 238U、232Th、226Ra、40K and 137Csin cabbages were 0.090, 0.224, 0.469, 80.0 and 0.011Bq/kg,respectively;the mean specific activities of 232Th,226Ra and 40K in drinking water were 0.146, 0.310 and 2.25 Bq/L,respectively,and the specific activities of the 238U and 137Cs in drinking water were lower than the detection lower limit respectively. The average annual effective doseof natural radionuclides in soil was 131 μSv per year. Conclusion The level of radioactivity in the environment around decommissioned uranium mines is within the normal background, which poses low health risks to the residents.
  • Investigation and assessment of environmental gamma radiation dose rate in surrounding area of Haiyang nuclear power plant
    YANG Baolu, ZHOU Qiang, ZHANG Jing, LI Zeshu, LI Wenhong, TUO Fei
    2019, 28(1): 85-87. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.023
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    Objective Obtain the background data of environmental gamma radiation dose rate in the surrounding areas before the operation of Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant, and provide basis for evaluating the impact on the surrounding environment after the operation of the nuclear power plant. Methods The environmental gamma radiation dose rate was measured by vehicle radiation monitoring system (GR460) within 30 km of Haiyang Nuclear Power Pland and the resultant radiation dose exposure to local residents was also estimated. Results The air absorbed dose rate ranges from 39.6 to 109 nGy/h, and the average is 72.2 nGy/h. There is a significant difference between the mean values of gamma radiated air absorbed dose rates in the regions of 0~5 km, 5~10 km, 10~20 km and 20~30 km of nuclear power plant. The per capita annual effective dose of residents caused by gamma radiation dose rate in outdoor environment is 84.8 μSv. Conclusion The environmental gamma radiation dose rate in the surrounding areas of Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant and the resultant radiation dose exposure to the local residents was were within the normal background level in China.
  • The present situation and countermeasures of the radiological health supervision in Tianjin
    HAO Xinxin, CAO Zhiyong, WANG Ying, LU Kai
    2019, 28(1): 88-90,108. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.024
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    Objective The study aims at analyzing the construction of radiological health supervision system in Tianjin to provide reference for the medicine health supervision and law enforcement in Tianjin. Methods Collect daily supervision archives administrative punishment archives and the data from Tianjin health supervision platform. Excel 2007 was appliedfor statistic and analysis to summarize the situation of medicine institutions in accordance with the law practice in Tianjin. Discuss the existing problems through interviews and put forward countermeasures or suggestions. Results The radiological health supervision in Tianjin was solid and improved steadily. The law enforcement level was continuously standardized, while the radiological health technical service agencies registered in other provinces were difficult to manage. Conclusion In the future, we should implement the responsibility of self-management of radiology clinics and radiological health service institutions, strengthen the construction of the supervision system and improve the capability and level of supervision as well as law enforcement.
  • Analysis of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Shandong Province in 2017
    LIN Geng, WANG Lei, ZHANG Lingshuo, MA Yinghua, SHAO Hua
    2019, 28(1): 91-94. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.025
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    Objective Find out the current situation of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Shandong Province, and provide reference for the implementation of the Shandong Province Occupational Disease Prevention and Control Regulations (2017-2020). Methods The database was established using Excel2010, and the statistical data of the statistical declarations of occupational health examinations and occupational disease prevention agencies in various cities in 2017 were statistically analyzed using SPSS 22.0 software. Results There are 26 occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Shandong Province, including 2 centers for disease control, 10 occupational disease prevention hospitals, 13 hospitals and 1 private institution. There are 183 occupational health examination institutions, including 71 centers for disease control and prevention, 11 occupational disease prevention and treatment centers, 94 hospitals, 19 private institutions and 3 other institutions. Among the 17 districts and cities in the province, the top 5 institutions are Qingdao (20), Weifang (19), Dongying (18), Yantai (16), and Linyi (15). Among the institutions of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis in Shandong Province, there are 545 physicians with occupational disease diagnosis qualifications and 1,062 occupational health examination physicians. Conclusion The network of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis institutions in Shandong Province has been basically formed, but the distribution of occupational health examination institutions is uneven and the coverage of institutional examination software systems is relatively low. The number and quality of occupational health examination and occupational disease diagnosis institutions are far from the requirements set by the state.
  • Application value of spiral CT low-dose scanning in monitoring the condition of pulmonary tuberculosis
    ZHANG Yunxuan, ZHANG He, XIN Yazhou, HU Xianhua, WU Huiwen, RAO Guofeng, TIAN Leqing
    2019, 28(1): 95-97. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.026
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    Objective To investigate the application value of 64-row 128-slice spiral CT low -dose scanning technique in monitoring the condition of pulmonary tuberculosis. Methods The 120 pulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed in our hospital were collected. Routine dose(120 mA) and the following Low-dose(15~40 mA) scanning were used with the same tube voltage of 120Kv and other factors. Read a slice in a blind manner to record CT dose Index volume(CTDIvol) and dose-length product(DLP). Effective dose (ED) was estimated according to effective dose conversion factor. The special imaging manifestations of low-dose and conventional dose scanning and thin-layer reconstruction were compared for quantitative measurement and difference analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the two scanning methods in terms of the basic signs of tuberculosis, such as consolidation, bronchiectasis, cavitation, ground-class opacity, calcification, tree-in-bud sign, nodule, pleural hypertrophy and hydrothorax. The X-ray radiation dose received by the subjects in low-dose scanning decreased significantly. Conclusion Compared with the conventional dose, the low-dose scanning technique of PHILIPS 64-slice spiral CT can significantly reduce the radiation dose under the condition of guaranteeing the detection effect, which can be applied to the clinical diagnosis and follow-up of pulmonary tuberculosis.
  • Protective effect of amifostine on salivary gland function in radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
    HAN Pengbing, JI Xuejuan, GAO Liying, ZHANG Guiqiong
    2019, 28(1): 98-101. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.027
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    Objective To investigate the protective effect and safety of amifostine on salivary gland function in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy. Methods Eighty patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated in our hospital from January 2015 to June 2018 were randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 40 cases in each group. Radiotherapy was given to both groups of patients, mainly in the combined field of face and neck with tumor irradiationdose of 60~70 Gy. The patients in observation groupreceived an intravenous dose of 200 mg/m2 amifostine 30 minutes before each irradiation while patients in control groupwere given the same dose of glucose so as to observethe changes of salivary gland function and toxic side effect before and after the treatment. Results After treatment, the UR30, EF and ER of parotid gland of the two groups were significantly lower than those before treatment (P<0.05), but the indexes of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P<0.05), as shown in Table 2. The UR30 and ER of the observation group had no significant changes (P>0.05), but EF was decreased (P<0.05). After radiotherapy, 13 patients (32.50%) in the observation group had no symptoms of xerostomia, while all patients in the control group had different degrees of xerostomia. There was a significant difference in the degree of xerostomia between the two groups (P<0.05). The severity of oral mucositis in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05), but the number of patients with nausea and vomiting above grade Ⅱ in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Amfostine can improve the dry mouth symptoms and alleviate the effects of radiotherapy on parotid and submandibular glands, but it increasesthe digestive tract reaction.
  • The pass rate analysis of validation results for 200 SBRT therapy plans
    SU Feng, SHAN Guoping, DI Xiaoyun, ZHAO Kai, SHI Guodong, ZHANG Peng
    2019, 28(1): 102-104. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.028
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    Objective To investigate the γ pass rate and affecting factors by summarizing and analyzing the radiotherapy plan validation results of 200 SBRT plans. Methods Two-dimensional and three-dimensional detector matrix (Mapcheck,Sweden Delta4) was used to verify the plan for SBRT radiotherapy before treatment.Analyze the impact of different treatment technologies (such as IMRT and VMAT) on the pass rate plan verification. To study the difference between different validation criteria (2/2 mm/3 mm/5/3 mm, threshold 10%) and compare the differences of results between the verification plan and the treatment plan, and carry out independent sample t-test. To study and analyze the impact of different tumor types on planned pass rates. Results he γ pass rate of 200 SBRT plans can meet the requirements of clinical treatment; the γ pass rate of IMRT plan is (95.95±7.39)% and (99.76±1.94)%, successively, under the standard of 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm. The results show that theγpass rate of VMAT plan using Delta4 validation is (95.95±7.39)% and (99.76±1.94)%, successively, under the standard of 2%/2 mm and 3%/3 mm. The γ pass rate of different tumor type plan verification is different, but there is no significant difference to verify the γ pass rate between IMRT and VMAT plan. Conclusion The verification results of 200 SBRT plans can meet the requirements of clinical treatment. The IMRT and VMAT plans have different pass rates, but they have no statistical significance. The SBRT plans validations for different tumors and treatment technologies (IMRT and VMAT) have different verification pass rates. They statistical significance.
  • X-ray fluoroscopy results of health checkups of employees in Pingdingshan City from 2013 to 2017
    YUE Weiling, YUE Huifang, ZHAO Huabin
    2019, 28(1): 105-108. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.029
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    Objective Through the analysis of chest X-ray fluoroscopy in the industry medical examination to understand the health status of food and public health workers in Pingdingshan City and the situation of X-ray fluoroscopy radiation protection in order to provide a scientific basis for X-ray fluoroscopy to play a greater role in the industry medical examination. Methods The positive results of chest X-ray findings of practitioners in Pingdingshan City from 2013 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed,and statistical analysis was performed by using descriptive epidemiology. Results A total of 72,020 physical examinations were conducted between 2013 and 2017, with 1,456 positive cases and the a positive rate was 2.02%. Among them, 78 cases of active tuberculosis were detected with the positive rate of 0.11%(78/72 020).There was no statistical significance in the difference of positive rate of active tuberculosis between years(χ2=0.928,P=0.920).The difference in positive rate between gender (χ2=12.268, P<0.001), age (χ2=346.204, P<0.001) and education level (χ2=14.629, P<0.001) was statistically significant. The positive rate was higher in males, ≥ 60 years old, with junior high school education. Conclusions There is a great need to fFurther standardize the health medical examination work of employees,apply the X-ray examination reasonably, increase the detection rate of active tuberculosis, curb the spread of tuberculosis through practitioners effectively, and protect the health of communities.
  • Progress in the application of spiral CT low-dose scanning in the diagnosis of pulmonary diseases
    XIN Yazhou, ZHANG Yunxuan
    2019, 28(1): 109-112. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.01.030
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    With the extensively increasingly extensive application of spiral CT in clinical practice, more attention on the radiation hazard to the examinees should be paid. Therefore, the research and clinical application of low- dose CT scanning technology are very important and urgent. By adjusting the scanning parameters or modifying the scanning scheme, the multi-slice spiral CT low-dose imaging technology can largely reduce the radiation dose while satisfying the requirements of image diagnosis, it has attracted more and more attention. The lung itself has good natural contrast, with while the CT scan has a higher density resolution and no tissue overlap compared with X-ray plain film. Therefore,the spiral CT scan has been widely used in the diagnosis and review of lung lesions. Based on the necessity of low dose imaging and the methods of reducing radiation dose, this paper reviews the application and future direction of low dose imaging in different lung diseases.