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  • 28 April 2019 Volume 28 Issue 2
      
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  • Effect of X-ray irradiation on migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-derived endothelial cells and its mechanism
    YU Huijie, LI Wei, WEN Yusui, SONG Xiujun, LI Fengsheng, JIANG Qisheng
    2019, 28(2): 113-115,119. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.001
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    Objective To investigate the effect of X-ray irradiation on migration of human hepatocellular carcinoma tumor-derived endothelial cells(TEC)and its mechanism.Methods Migration test of TECs was detected by wound healing assay. The expression level of Plk1 mRNA was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and the levels of Plk1, STAT3 and phosphorylated STAT3 were assayed by Western Blot.Results The migrationdistance of 2Gy group was(114.37±35.12)Pixel in 24 h,which was significantly higher than that of control group(78.89±24.67)(P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the expression level of Plk1 mRNA increased significantly in 2 Gy dose group(P<0.05).The expression level of p-STAT3Y705 decreased after the activity of Plk1 was inhibited by BI2536.The levels of Plk1 and p-STAT3Y705 increased significantly after 2 Gy X-ray irradiation.Conclusion The results indicated that 2 Gy X-ray irradiation promotes the migration of TEC through activation of STAT3 phosphorylation modulated by Plk1 instead of increasing the expression level of STAT3..
  • Investigation of abnormal individual dose from 2015 to 2017 in Huizhou City
    CHENG Jinpeng, HUANG Lifang, ZHENG Xueting, CHENG Baogen, LI Yucheng
    2019, 28(2): 116-119. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.002
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    Objective To investigate and analyze the cause of abnormal individual dose from 2015 to 2017 in Huizhou City.Methods The personnel whose individual dose monitoring results were larger than 1.25 mSv were given out the dose verification registration form of occupational external radiation personal monitoring to the level of investigation, and the reason of the abnormal dose was verified by telephone inquiry and field survey.Results A total of 126 questionnaires were collected in 3 years. The abnormal dose of 69.84% was not the actual exposure. In the actual exposure, occupation categories such as reactor operation and industrial radiography were dominant, but the single exposure dose was below 20 mSv.Conclusion The cause of abnormal individual dose mostly came from human factors, therefore, we should strengthen the training of radiation protection knowledge and supervision and administration of law enforcement, enhance the personal protection consciousness of radiation workers, and meanwhile, make clear the investigation level and standardize the investigation procedure.
  • Analysis of national assessment results of biological dose estimation ability in 2017
    JIANG Hong, ZHANG Chengsi, LONG Gaoqun
    2019, 28(2): 120-122. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.003
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    Objective Through the summary and analysis of the national assessment of biological dose estimation ability in 2017, the professional and technical ability of this work was improved.Methods According to the "Assessment Program of Biological Dose Estimation Ability in 2017", the unstable chromosome aberrations were cultured, produced and analyzed after irradiation. And the number of unstable chromosome aberrations (dic+r) was counted. The dose was estimated by using the curve Y=7.3512×10-3+3.4037×10-2D+8.0398×10-2 D2 in the national standard.Results The average of sample 05~1 is 3.62 Gy, the 95% confidence interval is (3.32~3.90)Gy, and the relative deviation is 0.56%. The average of sample 05~2 is 2.37 Gy, the 95% confidence interval is (2.19~2.54)Gy, the relative deviation is 7.73%, and the relative deviation of both samples is less than 20%. It is concluded that the estimated results of biological dose ability in our laboratory are qualified.Conclusion The laboratory can meet the needs of biological dose work, but it still needs to strengthen quality control, standardize operation, constantly summarize and analyze, establish the biological dose curve of the laboratory, reduce systematic errors, make the results more accurate and reliable, and provide scientific basis for clinical treatment and supervision and management of nuclear and radiation accidents.
  • Investigation on occupational health status of radiation workers in Shandong Province
    YANG Chunwang, YAN Ling
    2019, 28(2): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.004
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    Objective To evaluate the occupational health status among radiation workers in Shandong Province, and to provide reliable reference for the formulation of relevant health policies.Methods Basic information and physical examination indicators of 3 104 radiation workers from 372 companies in Shandong Province were collected by occupational health investigation. The abnormal ratio of each health index was calculated. All participants were grouped by gender, age, working age, types of work and company level, and their health status was compared and assessed accordingly.Results There are 2 118 males(68.2%) and 986 females (31.8%)among 3 104 participants with an average age of 37.28±9.65-year-old and an average working age of 11.50±9.75 years. The peripheral blood index, the function of liver and renal, and the condition of eye lens of radiation workers have changed to some extent and are related to gender, age, working age, types of work and company level. Generally, the abnormal ratio of male was significantly higher than that of female, and the abnormal ratio significantly increased along with the augment of age and working age. The abnormal ratio of heart rate in workers from institution, the abnormal rate of liver function in workers from third-senior hospital, and the abnormal rate of eye lens in workers from enterprise increased significantly. The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and eye lens of nuclear medical workers and the abnormal rate of blood pressure in industrial detection workers increasedsignificantly.Conclusion Long-term low-dose ionizing radiation is harmful to human health. Specific protective measures should be established based on gender, age, working age, types of work and company level and implemented in radiation workers to promote their health status.
  • Simulation analysis of casualties in a single nuclear attack
    YUAN Long, FU Ximing, SUN Quanfu
    2019, 28(2): 129-134,138. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.005
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    Objective To assess the extent of harm and impact to the public by a single nuclear attack.Methods Using theoretical tools such as nuclear weapon explosion parameters and atmospheric diffusion models, the toll of nuclear explosion in specific scenario can be calculated.Results The number and geographical distribution of trauma, thermal burn, and radiation injuries after a single nuclear weapon attack in potential conflict hotspots are obtained through calculation, and the distribution maps of nuclear explosion effects are also provided.Conclusion Considering the mass casualties caused by a single nuclear attack, it is recommended to strengthen the study on the outcome of nuclear explosion, to assess the existing health emergency system, and then to improve the medical response capability to nuclear or radiological emergency based on the assessment.
  • A field research on the ionizing radiation level and protective effect in X-ray bedside radiography
    CHEN Biao, CHEN Chunhui, GAO Linfeng, YAO Jie, XIAO Hong
    2019, 28(2): 135-138. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.006
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    Objective To study the level of ionizing radiation and the protective effects after taking intervention measures for the X-ray bedside radiography, and to provide the basis for further development of management standards.Methods A total of 15 bedside radiography sites from 12 medical institutions were randomly selected from the 9 districts in Shanghai.By simulating their daily working conditions, the dose equivalent rates at the observation points were monitored and evaluated.Results The dose equivalent rates around the bedside were all higher than the background in this study.Even at the similar exposure conditions, the dose rate largely varied with the device.The range of the dose rate varied from 3.9 μSv/h to 5 800 μSv/h without any protective screens, while the range was only from 0.095 μSv/h to 22.1 μSv/h with the use of protective screens.The higher the lead equivalent of the screen, the better the protective effect.Conclusion Different bedside X-ray equipment have different self-protective performance, which leads to the difference of radiation level in the workplace. Purchasing equipment with good protective performance, using carefully and doing well in maintenance are the important guarantees to reduce the radiation dose. The adjacent patients, medical staff and visitors are recommended to be evacuated when performing the bedside X-ray photography. For those who can not be evacuated, it is suggested to use a convenient and practicaland mobile protective screen.
  • Evaluation of exposure dose to medical staff during brachytherapy by 125I source
    HE Lijuan, YIN Chunxu, ZHANG Ling, HE Tinggui, SI Shumin, GAO Liang
    2019, 28(2): 139-142,147. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.007
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    Objective To investigate the dose level of radiation exposure of medical staff during 125I brachytherapy, analyze the radiation risk, and propose the suggestion of radiation protection.Methods One hundred 125I seeds whose activity of every single source is 2.96×107Bq were selected for dose rate measurement of treatment places. One 125I seed whose activity is 3.145×107Bq was selected for dose equivalent rate investigation around single source. The preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative radiation doses of medical staff during 125I brachytherapy were calculated with point model. And the radiation exposure dose of medical staff was also evaluated with measuring data at the distribution points. The dose equivalent rate measurements around single 125I source were performed with TLD. The measurements of treatment place were performed with X-ray and gamma radiation dosimeter AT1121.Results The hand dose of pre-installation personnel will reduce to 5.02 mGy/a when wearing 0.025 mmPb lead gloves; for the operators, hand dose will be reduced to 3.01 mGy/a; for nursing staffs, the dose will reduce to 0.013 mGy/a when cosidering one hundred 125I seeds with an implant depth of 2 cm and wearing a 0.25 mmPb lead coat. The results of dose equivalent rate around a single 125I seed indicate that the dose rate will be the background level beyond 30 cm away from the seed. For the dose equivalent rate distribution around the single seed source, the result of the point source model is larger than that of the TLD experiment; for the treatment places, the point source model result is also larger than that of the measurements.Conclusion A single 125I source should be regarded as a line source, so the point source calculation result is larger than the measurement result when the distance to the 125I seed is close. As the distance increasing, the point source calculation result is approaching to the measurement result. It was suggested that the medical staff should wear protective equipments during 125I brachytherapy, and the postoperative patient implanted 125I should be covered with lead apron over the implanted position.
  • Investigation and analysis of X-ray imaging diagnostic resources in Xuzhou in 2016
    WU Pangpang, HU Liangyu, CHEN Yong, XU Huihui, WU Gang, LU Xingzhan, LI Guirong, LI Yicheng, QIU Zhenzhen, QI Yuqing
    2019, 28(2): 143-147. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.008
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    Objective To understanding and master X-ray imaging diagnostic resources, and to provide a scientific basis for rational allocation of radiological diagnosis or treatment resources and their supervision and management.Methods The on-site investigation was carried out at the medical institutions with the license for conducting radiological diagnosis or treatment in Xuzhou City at the end of December, 2016. The contents of the survey included basic information on the institution, equipment and staff related to the radiological diagnosis.Results By the end of 2016, Xuzhou had a total of 713 sets of diagnostic X-ray equipment. Among them the largest number was for DR, followed by CT. The first-level and others without rating institutions had the most X-ray imaging diagnostic equipment, and the tertiary medical institutions did not have the direct fluorescent screen fluoroscopy machine. On average, for per million population in Xuzhou, they had 81.86 sets of X-ray diagnostic equipment and 193.46 X-ray diagnostic staff. The number of people engaged in X-ray diagnosis increased with the number of X-ray diagnostic equipment. The number of X-ray diagnostic equipment and the number of people engaged in X-ray diagnosis increased with the increase of residents. There were 1 685 radiation workers engaged in X-ray imaging diagnosis in Xuzhou City, more men than women. Among them, most (700 persons) were working in the institutes with the first level or not rated level.Conclusion Most of the X-ray imaging diagnostic equipment in Xuzhou are advanced. There is a positive correlation between the allocation of X-ray diagnostic resources and the number of permanent residents. It is necessary to enhance the supervision and management for areas with relatively large populations to ensure the safety of radiation protection.
  • Measurement and comparison of intraocular lens dose in five cranial CT scanning methods
    YANG Hongyun, LI Hailiang, YANG Shuhui, ZHANG Lin, MIN Nan, ZHU Jianguo
    2019, 28(2): 148-151,154. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.009
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    Objective Measure and compare the dose of ocular lens in five cranial CT scanning methods by using simulation human body model and thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD).Methods The TLD was placed in the reserved hole of the eye lens of the head model.Five cranial CT scanning methods were performed on 8 CT. At the end of each scan, take down the TLD was taken down,andrecord the numbered for later measurement.Results The eye lens radiation dose measured of anthropomorphic phantom by TLD under the condition of head CT scanning respectively was that (17.78±10.03)mGy under the brainhead CT scanning,(17.45±7.92)mGy under the Orbital cavity CT scanning,(14.65±3.80)mGy under the nasal bone CT scanning,(9.93±6.25)mGy under the Sinuses CT scanning,(7.94±5.18)mGy under the temporal bone CT scanning.Conclusion The overall level of the exposure dose to the intraocular lens during the CT scan of the skull was(13.55±7.89)mGy. The dose of ocular lens shows significant difference in different CT and craniocerebral scanning methods.
  • The investigation on parameters and doses of CHD children during interventional diagnosis and treatment
    MIN Nan, NIU Fei, LIU Qian, YANG Shuhui, CHEN Yingmin
    2019, 28(2): 152-154. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.010
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    Objective To investigate the main types of interventional operation and the dose of CHD children.Methods A retrospective investigation was conducted on the demographic information and radiation dose data of children with CHD who were collected for interventional treatment in a class a hospital in 2016.Results The radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) had the longest fluoroscopy time in the interventional diagnosis and treatment of children with CHD for 21.8 min; The maximum number of frames was VSD, about 355 frames;The high dose of cumulative dose (CD) and dose area product (DAP) was VSD, about 728 mGy and 1 415 mGy·cm2; The proportion of 10 years old children was highest, especially PDA, about 83%.Conclusion Cardiac interventional therapy should be used reasonably to optimize the surgical parameters and reduce the radiation dose of children.
  • Investigation and analysis of medical radiation exposure frequency in Fujian Province in 2016
    ZHANG Yan, ZHENG Qishan, HUANG Lihua, ZHENG Senxing, LI Jin, GUO Huozhong, WEI Weiqi
    2019, 28(2): 155-159. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.011
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    Objective Through the investigation of radiological diagnosis and treatment performed in the 37 sampled hospitals to estimate the application frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment in Fujian.Methods Adopting the nationwide unified questionnaire, collect the information on the amount of outpatient and emergency patients, in-patients, radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment, radiological workers in the sampled hospitals through the hospital information system or the manually registering notebooks. The information of examinees were further counted by sex, age, diagnostic or treatment types and irradiation positions.Results The total number of medical radiation exposure in the 37 hospitals was 4 496 833 persons time. For per 1 000 population, the frequency of X-ray diagnosis, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy were 459.1, 1.8, 2.4 and 0.50.Conclusion The general situation about the frequency of medical exposure in Fujian has been grasped throughout the investigation, and the results can provide many useful suggestions for both rational uses of radiological techniques and the protection and safety of medical radiation exposure.
  • Investigation on the frequency of X-ray diagnostic medical exposure in Hebei Province in 2016
    LUO Yingnan, GAO Yanhui, GUO Dawei, ZHAO Zhihui, ZHOU Kaijian, DONG Xiaoju, HAO Wei, ZHANG Jingzhan
    2019, 28(2): 160-165. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.012
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    Objective To study the distribution and application of X-ray diagnosis medical exposure in Hebei province and to estimate the frequency of X-ray diagnostic medical exposure, so as to provide support for the radiological protection of medical exposure through investigating 31 samples of hospital.Methods The information of diagnosis and treatment equipment and the types of radiology were surveyed by a unified questionnaire survey in the whole country. Using stratified random sampling principle, 31 hospitals were selected, including 5 tertiary hospitals, 11 second-class hospitals and 15 first-class hospitals. By reading the hospital information management system, manual copying, the data of emergency outpatient volume, number of hospitalizations, person-times of routine X-ray diagnoses (including CR and DR), digital gastrointestinal machines, CT diagnoses, etc. used in patients of different genders and ages in institutions was investigated in 2016. The results were analyzed and the frequency of X-ray diagnostic irradiation was estimated by linear regression method.Results There were 6 210 diagnostic X-ray machines in the province, with 0.76 equipment per 10 000 people. In the 31 hospitals surveyed, the gender ratio was 1:0.93 and over 40 years old, the highest was 52.35%.Frequency of chest photography was the highest (19.19%) and the increase on CT examination frequency was significant in all types of X-ray diagnostic radiation in the same level hospital. Using the linear regression equation, it was estimated that the total person-times of medical exposure for X-ray diagnosis in the province was 28 998 652, the annual application frequency was 355.17 person-times per thousand people and the frequency of the same type of X-ray radiation was the most in the second level hospitals with proportion of 66.65%.Conclusion The numbers of X-ray equipment, exposure person-times as well as the application frequencies of medical X-ray diagnosis are much higher than that of the "Ninth Five-Year Plan", and the higher requirements for the protection work of the X-ray diagnostic equipment were needed, especially on CT radiation in Hebei Province.
  • The study of measurement of cosmic ray response by X-γ dosimeter
    WANG Guihua, QIN Huan, LI Xiaoheng, YU Meixiang
    2019, 28(2): 166-167,170. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.013
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    Objective Through the measurement of cosmic ray response of different lakes by X-γ dosimeter,selected stable radiation field for measuring cosmic rays.Methods Choose different lakes in Shandong Province to compare the measured value of the cosmic ray response by X-γ dose rate meter with the theoretical value,determine the best measurement point by statistics of different types of X- γ dosimeters from 2015 to 2018.Results From 2015 to 2018, the response range of different types of X-γ dosimeters to the cosmic rays of the Xueye Lake is as follows:FH40G(9.7~12.4)nGy/h;BH3103A(34.6~35.4)nGy/h; 6150AD(33.0~36.8)nGy/h;FH40G-L10(11.2~12.0)nGy/h;RSS131(43.2~47.0)nGy/h.Conclusion On the surface of Xueye Lake, the measurement of cosmic ray response is relatively stable for different types of X-γ dosimeters, and the surface of Xueye Lake can be used as the stable radiation field for cosmic rays.
  • Study on radioactivity level of 90Sr in environmental media in Haiyang
    WANG Xiao, SHAO Xia, LV Yunhai
    2019, 28(2): 168-170. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.014
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    Objective To investigate and study the radioactivity level of 90Sr in environmental media in Haiyang and to provide basic data for evaluating the impact of the operation of Haiyang Nuclear Power Plant on the surrounding environment.Methods The analytical methods are referred to "Radiochemical analysis of 90Sr in water and ash of biological samples" (HJ 815-2016), and "Analytical method of 90Sr in soil" (EJ/T 1035-2011).Results The 90Sr activity ranges from 2.49 to 6.68 mBq/L in the environmental water samples. For the soil it ranges from 0.223 to 1.63 Bq/kg and for the organism it ranges from 0.063 to 0.140 Bq/kg·fresh.Conclusion There is no abnormality in the radioactivity level of 90Sr in environmental media in Haiyang.
  • Analysis of biological dose blindness assessment of Chongqing Municipality in 2015
    TAN Xiuhong, YE Cheng, ZHANG Yan
    2019, 28(2): 171-172. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.015
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    Objective In order to further improve the analytical ability and level of chromosome instability aberration in radiological health establishment and guarantee the quality of biological dose assessment for irradiated victims.Methods The experiments and its results were analyzed by National Institute for Radiological Protection of Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention according to appraisal program.Results The relative deviations of estimated doses for both samples were less than 20%, and the results were all qualified.Conclusion The overall technical level of the biological dose laboratory meets the requirements of relevant national standards.
  • Study on radioactivity of centralized drinking water sources in Shandong Province
    XIA Bing, TIAN Kun, LIU Kai, DING Hongshen
    2019, 28(2): 173-174,178. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.016
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    Objective To investigate and grasp the gross alpha and gross beta activity levels of centralized drinking water sources in Shandong Province.Methods The radioactivities were measured according to the "Determination of gross alpha activity in water thick source method" (EJ/T1075-1998) and "Determination of gross beta activity in water evaporation method" (EJ/T 900-94).Results Thirty-four samples from drinking water sources of seventeen different cities were analysed. The gross alpha activity measurement value range was from 0.010 to 0.239 Bq/L,and the gross beta was from 0.063 to 0.286 Bq/L.Conclusion The gross alpha and gross beta activity levels of centralized drinking water sources in Shandong Province were up to the requirements of "Standards for Drinking Water Quality"(GB 5749-2006).
  • Monitoring results of individual dose of external irradiation among radiation workers in Nantong City in 2016
    TAN Weiwei, ZHONG Ende, SANG Junyang, AN Na, SUN Huamin
    2019, 28(2): 175-178. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.017
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    Objective To explore the dose level and distribution of Nantong radiological workers' occupational exposure, evaluate the occupational hazards and protective effects of radiological workers and provide scientific basis for the management of radiological protection.Methods External irradiation dose equivalent HP(10) monitoring for radiation workers was conducted using RGD-3D thermoluminescent dosemeter. Occupational categories include diagnostic radiology, interventional radiology, nuclear medicine, dental radiology,radiation therapy, industrial applications and so on. Data summary and statistics were conducted using the national radiation health information platform personal monitoring and management system.Results The annual personal average effective dose of radiation workers in Nantong was 0.273 mSv/a, The annual effective dose of all monitoring personnel is less than the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. The collective effective dose was 0.570 person·Sv. The annual effective dose per capita of interventional radiology was slightly higher (0.375 mSv/a), followed by nuclear medicine (0.316 mSv/a), and then diagnostic radiology (0.271 mSv/a), and the annual effective dose values of the other occupational classes were at relatively low levels. The average annual effective dose of radiological workers in different regions was not significantly different, and the per capita annual effective dose in Haian county (0.418 mSv/a) was slightly higher than that in other areas. The monitoring dose value of medical units below Second-senior class hospital (0.361 mSv/a) is higher than that of medical units above Second-senior class hospital (0.182 mSv/a) and industrial enterprises(0.143 mSv/a).Conclusion In 2016, the annual effective dose of radiological workers in Nantong city was at a low level. The radiation protection conditions of radiological workers in our city were good and the working environment was safe.
  • Practice and experience of a new radiological protection management model in hospital
    WEI Qin, XIE Xianyu, ZHENG Senxing, HONG Huashan
    2019, 28(2): 179-181,185. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.018
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    Objective This paper introduces the specific practices and results of a new radiation protection management model in Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, with a view to providing reference for radiation protection management in similar medical institutions.Methods The practices and management results before and after the new management model are compared.Results The new radiation protection management model has perfected the supervision before and after incidents, and the new radiation protection management is more scientific and effective.Conclusion The hospital leaders attach great importance to radiation protection, the functional departments actively supervise, radiation workers clearly understand the importance and actively cooperate, and the administrative supervision departments actively supervise and inspect. All these are important guarantees for the safety and sustainable development of radiation work. Further optimization of some procedures in the supervision process will make radiation protection management more scientific and effective.
  • Analysis of administrative penalties for radiation health in Tianjin from 2014 to 2017
    QU Yi, CAO Zhiyong, WANG Ying
    2019, 28(2): 182-185. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.019
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    Objective Through analyzing the administrative punishment of radiation health from 2014 to 2017 in Tianjin, to understand the radiation health supervision status of Tianjin in recent years, and to provide the data support and theoretical basis for the supervision work of radiology clinic in the future.Methods Statistical analysis was conducted on the data about radiation health administrative punishment case occurrence region, punishment subject, source of cases, the types of punishment and punishment case in Tianjin.Results The number of Tianjin radiology clinic administrative punishment cases showed a growing trend on the whole from 2014-2017, but there were still some questions such as punishment focus wasrelatively single, and the number of administrative penalties varied widely between different areas.Conclusion In the future, the health and family supervision team constructionshould be improved, the use of discretion in administrative punishment should be regulated and controled, and the training and management should be strengthen to ensure the legitimacy, reasonability, fairness and justice of health and family planning administrative penalties.
  • Compensation for radiation-related diseases in the United States
    JIA Tianjiao, YAO Zhu, ZHANG Wei
    2019, 28(2): 186-189. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.020
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    The United States is a nuclear weapon power and its disease compensation for staffs in nuclear industry and nuclear research has caught the attention of society. Compensation has been applied as an after-the-fact remediation guarantee in a certain range. This paper summarizes three compensation plans established by the United States for radiation-related diseases in terms of the scope of the population covered by the compensation, the scope of the disease compensated for, the method of determining the compensation, and the amount or form of related benefits and compensation.
  • Application of three-dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiation therapy in radical mastectomy
    ZHANG Wen, SHI Linxin, LIU Yazhou, SHAO Weixian, YUAN Cheng, MIAO Hui
    2019, 28(2): 190-193. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.021
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    Objective To investigate the efficacy and dosimetry of three-dimensional conformal intensity modulated radiation therapy(RT) in patients with modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer after observation and research.Methods 90 patients with breast cancer who underwent modified radical mastectomy in our hospital from February 2016 to February 2017 were randomly divided into two groups, the control group received three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), the researchgroup were treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (IMRT).The radiation dose and adverse reactions of the two groups were compared.Results There was no significant difference between IMRT and 3D-CRT target dose percentage (P>0.05), IMRT V105%, V110%, V115% were significantly lower than those of 3D-CRT (P<0.05), while IMRT HI was significantly lower than that of 3D-CRT (P<0.05); compared with 3D-CRT, IMRT can effectively reduce the homolateral lung, heart, liver and contralateral breast dose (P<0.05); the adverse reactions of IMRT treatment in patients with hepatitis, radiation-induced lung injury, bone marrow transplantation, retrosternal pain and digestive disorders incidence were significantly lower than those of 3D-CRT (P<0.05). Conclusion The coverage are ideal for patients with application of IMRT and 3D-CRT in the target area of breast cancer, but MIRT is more ideal in dose homogeneity and target area conformal, and can reduce the risk of adverse reactions of patients.It should be further popularized and applied in clinic.
  • Discussion on the value of 99Tcm-MIBI single photon emission computed tomography/computerized tomography in the diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism
    LI Di, ZHANG Lin, DENG Daping
    2019, 28(2): 194-197. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.022
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    Objective To evaluate the clinical value of 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT in diagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT).Methods Clinical data of 57 patients who underwent 99Tcm -MIBI SPECT/CT for the diagnosis of PHPT were retrospectively analyzed, postoperative pathological diagnosis was taken as the gold standard, and the results were compared with high frequency ultrasound and CT, in the respects of sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic coincidence rate.Results A total of 76 PHPT lesions were diagnosed by operation and pathology in 57 patients. The sensitivities of 99Tcm -MIBI SPECT/CT, high frequency ultrasound and CT were 75%, 69.73% and 50.94%.The specificities were 93.75%, 96.07% and 95.08%.The diagnostic coincidence rates were 83.57%, 80.31% and 74.56%. The sensitivity and diagnostic coincidence rate of 99Tcm -MIBI SPECT/CT were higher than CT(P<0.05),and the sensitivity of99Tcm -MIBI SPECT/CT to the diagnosis of ectopic PHPT lesion was 100%.Conclusion 99Tcm -MIBI SPECT/CT has a high value in the localization of PHPT lesions and is a good method for preoperative localization.
  • Analysis of set-up error influence on dose distribution of patients with Compass system
    ZHU Yuhe, SHI Wei, LIU Yu
    2019, 28(2): 198-200. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.023
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    Objective Analyzing the does change due to set-up error with Compass system.Methods The plans with set-up error is transmitted to mosaqi, irradiated by the clinical accelerator. The data were collected and reestablished by Compass. The reestablished results were compared with the original plan.Results As the set-up error changed, the γ changed obviously, and the worst value can be below less than 0.71. Dose index that endanger organs vary. Set-up errors with same value and different direction have different effects on the doses absorbed by patients.Conclusion The data reconstructed by Compass system reflect more actual treatment information, so it is better than the data from traditional analysis methods.
  • Dosimetric study of different radiation field numbers in postoperative intensity modulated radiation therapy for rectal cancer
    LIN Feng, ZENG Zili, QIN Shufu, LIU Jine, TAN Yong
    2019, 28(2): 201-205. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.024
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    Objective By comparing dosimetry characteristics of PTV and organs at risk, time of treatment and cost factors of different radiation field number treatment plans, we research on the most ideal mode for postoperative intensity modulated radiotherapy of rectal cancer (PIMRTRC).Methods The clinical target area of (PIMRTRC) was uniformly defined, and PTV was set as the external expansion boundary of the clinical target volume, which was 5 mm, 4 mm and 3 mm in X, Y and Z, respectively. Using TPS to calculate the dose distribution characteristics of target areas in different irradiation field numbers (5, 7, 9), we compared the irradiated volumes and dose levels of PTVs, bowls, bladders and femur heads respectively. SPSS19.0 statistical software package was used for statistical analysis.Results 5, 7 and 9 radiation field treatment plans can meet the clinical dose requirements. In the three modes of plans, 7 fields and 9 fields were superior to 5 fields in the dose distribution, dose uniformity and conformal degree of the planned target area, but in terms of the treatment time, 5 fields were the shortest and 7 fields were superior to 9 fields. In the protection of small intestine, 7 fields and 9 fields were better than 5 fields; In bladder protection, 9 fields were superior to 7 fields and 5 fields; In terms of femoral head, 5 fields were superior to 7 and 9 fields.Conclusion Based on the comprehensive planning of the dose distribution of PTV, the protection of the normal tissues around the tumor, the treatment time and the treatment cost, it is suggested to select the appropriate radiation field number according to the specific situation and focus of the patients in the clinical work of intensity-modulated radiation therapy for rectal cancer after surgery.
  • The analysis of the radiotherapy techniques for the treatment of upper esophageal cancer form the dose verification by ArcCheck
    HE Dongcheng, ZHANG Xiaoye, ZHANG Yan, HAN Jihua, CAO Lei, ZHU Zhijian
    2019, 28(2): 206-208,213. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.025
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    Objective To analysis the difference among three radiotherapy techniques (sIMRT, dIMRT and VMAT) for the treatment of upper esophageal cancer from the perspective of dose verification. Methods Data of 20 patients with upper esophageal cancer who received treatment in Huai'an First People's Hospital between January 2017 and June 2017 were selected. Each patient according to the requirement is required to design three different intensity-modulated Monaca system technology plans, and then transfer the completed plans to the MOSAIQ system, at the same time the treatment plan was implanted into the ArcCheck model to recalculate the dose. Compared the results calculated in the Monaco system with the results calculated by Gamma methods. The threshold standards were 3%, 3mm and 10%.Results The relative dosages and absolute dosage of all three modulated techniques met clinical requirements. The pass rate of sIMRT is relatively higher, which has obvious advantages over dIMRT and VMAT, and there is no significant difference between dIMRT and VMAT. In relative terms, dIMRT has more advantages.Conclusion From the perspective of dose verification, sIMRT has a higher pass rate of radiotherapy for the treatment of upper esophageal cancer.
  • Advances in secondary primary tumors induced by radiation therapy
    YUAN Yayi, ZUO Yahui
    2019, 28(2): 209-213. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.026
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    Radiation therapy can increase the risk of radiation-induced secondary primary tumors. Secondary primary tumors are difficult to study because of their long incubation period, numerous influencing factors and complex etiology. At present, the mechanism of secondary primary tumor induced by radiation therapy is still unclear. This paper reviews the research progress of the influencing factors, causes and possible mechanisms of secondary primary tumor induced by radiation therapy.
  • Effect and mechanism of gut microbiota on radiotherapy
    LI Ting, WANG Linping, LIANG Jing
    2019, 28(2): 214-217. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.027
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    Microbiota is composed of symbiotic bacteria and other microorganisms that colonize the human epithelial barrier. Symbiotic microbiota plays an important role in human survival and health.The microbiota is also involved in the process of initiation, progression and dissemination of cancer. Recent researches have strongly confirmed that microbiota, particularly gut microbiota, plays an important role in the regulation of anti-tumor response and toxic response. And the gut microbiota affects the immune response induced by treatment-induced immunogenic cell death in anti-cancer therapy. In this review, we will mainly focus on the regulatory effect of gut microbiota on immunomodulatory effects and toxic response induced by radiotherapy and its specificmechanism.
  • Imaging study of cirrhotic nodules and small hepatocellular carcinoma
    LIU Yue, KANG Shu, ZHAO Tianzuo, ZHANG Wei, SONG Zhichao, ZHANG Yinxue, ZHANG Jie
    2019, 28(2): 218-222. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714x.2019.02.028
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    Liver cirrhosis is closely related to liver cancer. Liver cirrhosis nodules are transformed into small liver cancer through regenerated nodules (RN), atypical hyperplasia nodules (DN), and DN carcinogenesis. The diagnosis and differentiation of cirrhotic nodules and small hepatocellular carcinoma are important for early clinical intervention to improve survival. A considerable number of cirrhotic nodules and small hepatocellular carcinoma overlap in imaging manifestations, combined with different imaging examination techniques, especially with the wide application of functional imaging technology in clinical practice, it will certainly contribute to the diagnosis, differential diagnosis and early treatment of cirrhotic nodules and small hepatocellular carcinoma.