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    Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Health standards tracking evaluation on “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases” (GBZ 112—2017)
    ZHANG Zhao, HE Ling, MA Kui, ZHANG Yimei, ZHAO Fengling, SON Yu, LIU Yulong, YANG Yuhua, WU Liya, BIAN Huahui, XIANG Junyi, BI Jinling, ZHU Jun, GAO Yiying, ZUO Yun, YANG Li
    2020, 29(2): 99-103. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.001
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    Objective To understand the application of health standards in the "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases" (GBZ 112—2017), and to provide basis for revision, publicity and standardization of the standards.Methods Aiming at the of propaganda, implementation, quality and efficiency, statistical analysis was performed by using questionnaires.Investigation was carried out to track the implementation status and effect of evaluation GBZ 112—2017 among occupational disease diagnostic institutions, occupational disease diagnostic physicians, health administrative supervisors and radiation workers in eight provinces and one group.for tracking the implementation status and effect of evaluation GBZ 112—2017.Results A total of 21 occupational disease diagnostic institutions, 93 occupational disease diagnostic physicians, 70 health administrative supervisors and 1329 radiation workers were measured. 85.7% of diagnostic institutions had established a learning system of diagnostic criteria, 57.1% of which were equipped with standard training funds for diagnostic physicians. The standard awareness rate was 75.6%～80% and the standard training rate was 48.4%～55.7%. The adoption rate of standard was 0. 42.9% and 48% of the diagnosis institutions have the ability of physical dose estimation and biological dose estimation respectively, and only 42.9% of the diagnosis institutions owned both of them at the same time; The probability of judging 11 items of standard is 90%～97%, the consistency of approved standard with laws and regulations was 95%～97%, and the satisfaction of standard is 86%～87.1%.Conclusion Through tracing the evaluation of health standards, the study provides objective basis for the revision, publicity and management of health standards of general principles for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Evaluation on the standard implementation of “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases” in Henan Province
    ZHAO Fengling, GUO Wei, HE Ling, LIU Yulong
    2020, 29(2): 104-106,110. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.002
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    Objective To investigate the application of the “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases”.Methods According to tracking evaluation of the standard, questionnaire survey was carried out among the units and individuals such as diagnostic institution, radiation disease diagnostic doctors, radiological health supervisors and radiation workers.Results Only one institution was established in Henan Province for diagnosing occupational radiation diseases. 85.7% of radiation disease diagnosis physicians knew the standard well, and they did not participate the training of the standard. 28.6% of the radiation disease diagnostic physicians considered that some parts of the standard was feasible, such as diagnostic basis and dose assessment principle in chapter 3 , treatment principle in chapter 4. And some modifications was proposed. The awareness rate in radiological health supervisors was 60.0%, while the training rate was 35.0%. The application of the standard "General guideline for the diagnosis of occupational radioation diseases" was insufficient. The recognition accuracy of deterministic effect of ionizing radiation was 60.2%, and that of stochastic effect was 31.2%.Conclusion The competent department of health standards should strengthen the publicity and implementation training of the new standards and expand the application scope of the standards. Henan province needs to strengthen the construction of radioactive disease diagnosis institutions to achieve the coverage of diagnostic institutions.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Evaluation and analysis of national occupational health standard used in nuclear industry enterprises
    BIAN Huahui, LIU Yulong, HE Ling, SONG Yu, CHEN Weibo, WANG Youyou
    2020, 29(2): 107-110. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.003
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    Objective To evaluate the implementation of the standard called "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases" in the nuclear industrial enterprises, and to understand the scientificity, practicability and problems in the implementation process of the standard.Methods Questionnaire was used to conduct standard evaluation, and the recovered questionnaires were examined and the data were analyzed.Results Three units considered that the standard was operable well. The awareness rates of occupational disease diagnosticians, health supervisors and radiation workers to the standard were 61.5%, 88.9% and 47.6%. The feasibility of the standard was high, the awareness of supporting systems and funds was general. The awareness rate of radiation disease was low, which should be improved.Conclusion The standard is basically scientific and reasonable, which has good maneuverability. However, implementation, publicity and training should be further strengthened, while some mechanisms in the standard need to be more definite.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Follow up investigation report of “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases”(GBZ 112—2017) in Sichuan Province
    ZHU Jun, SONG Yu, HE Ling, GAO Yiying
    2020, 29(2): 111-114. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.004
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    Objective To study the level of understanding and application of "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases" (GBZ 112—2017) among the occupational disease diagnosis institutions, occupational disease diagnosis doctors and radiation workers in Sichuan Province, and to put forward suggestions on the revision, organization management, personnel training and standard publicity and implementation.Methods Using questionnaire, EpiData input and SPSS17.0 for statistics analysis.Results Three occupational disease diagnosis institutions, eight Diagnosis Doctors and 485 radiation workers were investigated. Only one occupational disease diagnosis institution has the ability of radiation dose estimation. The standard awareness rate of diagnosis doctors and radiation workers is 100% and 67.2% respectively. The standard training rate of diagnosis doctors is 50%, the standard adoption rate is 0, and the feasibility rate of 11 standard clauses was 100%. The training rate of the protection knowledge training among radiation workers was 94.8%, 18.1% of the staff did not receive pre job training, and the average accuracy rate of 5 questions was 56%.Conclusion The implement of radiation disease standard in Sichuan Province needs to be further improved.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Follow-up evaluation and analysis of “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases” (GBZ 112—2017) in Jiangsu Province
    WANG Furu, ZHANG Yimei, CHEN Wucai, HE Ling, CHANG Qing
    2020, 29(2): 115-118,122. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.005
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    Objective To grasp the popularization and implementation of “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases” (GBZ 112—2017) in Jiangsu province through standard follow-up investigation.Methods A descriptive and cross-sectional study design was performed. A questionnaire survey was carried out among 20 occupational disease diagnosticians, 5 health supervisors and 156 radiation workers in Jiangsu Province with stratified cluster method.Results The standard awareness rate (100.0%) and training rate (80.0%) of health supervisors were slightly higher than those of occupational disease diagnostic physicians (75.0% and 70.0% respectively). Network publicity was the main access for health supervisors and occupational disease diagnostic personnel, with participation rate of 80.0% and 55.0% respectively. Both of the two types of personnel have a high degree of approval for many indicators of the standard (all above 75.0%), but at present, the rate of adoption by occupational disease diagnostic doctors is still low (only 15.0%) and that by health supervisors is 60.0%. Radiation workers have a high rate of awareness and training participation, but the degree of professional knowledge is low.Conclusion It is particularly important to strengthen training and communication among different departments, improve the strength and quality of network propaganda, increase the adoption and practicability of standard.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Follow-up investigation of “General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases”(GBZ 112—2017) among diagnostic physicians in some provinces and cities of China
    MA Kui, XIA Ying, HE Ling, ZHANG Zhao, LIU Yulong, BIAN Huahui, ZHAO Fengling, SONG Yu, ZHANG Yimei, YANG Yuhua, WU Liya, XIANG Junyi, BI Jinling, ZHU Jun, GAO Yiying, ZUO Yun, YANG Li
    2020, 29(2): 119-122. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.006
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    Objective Through a questionnaire survey on the popularization of "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases" (GBZ 112—2017) among diagnostic physicians in some parts of the country, the study aims to understand the mastery and implementation of the standard, collect and analyze the existing problems in the implementation of the standard. The research will provide the basis for the revision of the standard. Methods By means of literature collection, questionnaire and comparative analysis, a total of 93 doctors with diagnostic qualifications for occupational radioactive diseases in 21 diagnostic institutions were investigated to collect and analyze the evaluation information of the "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases" (GBZ 112—2017). The study objects used to work in Sichuan, Jiangsu, Guangdong, Hubei, Henan, Xinjiang, Anhui and the nuclear industry system, namely, the "Seven provinces and one Group".Results The survey showed that the feasible rate of 11 articles in the text of the "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases"(GBZ 112—2017) was 89.3%～95.7%, 10 items were more than 90.0%, the range of partial feasible rate was 0%～5.4%, the range of unfeasible rate was 3.2%～5.4%, 80.0% of the diagnostic doctors did not give specific opinions on the standard, and 94.6% of the diagnostic doctors approved the consistency of standard laws and regulations.Conclusion The standard of the "General guideline for diagnosis of occupational radiation diseases" (GBZ 112—2017) is in good condition, but a few of the provisions should be amended properly, and the propaganda and implementation of the standard should be further strengthened.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Tracking evaluation on “Specification for testing of quality control in helical tomotherapy unit”(WS 531—2017): relevant personnel of medical institutions
    ZHAI Hezheng, SONG Bin, LI Hailiang, XU Zhe, HU Chuanpeng, CHENG Xiaojun, ZHU Kunpeng, ZHANG Wenyi, WU Xiangjun, WU Quan
    2020, 29(2): 123-127. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.007
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    Objective To understand the implementation of the current "Specification for testing of quality control in helical tomotherapy unit(WS 531—2017)" by the relevant personnel of medical institutions, and to provide scientific basis for the further improvement of the standard.Methods According to "Guideline for health standards tracking evaluation(WS/T 536—2017)"and the implementation plan of the project, questionnaire survey was carried out among the relevant personnel in 9 domestic medical institutions with TOMO, The follow-up and evaluation work were carried out by means of pre-survey, on-site survey, mail and e-mail, etc. After obtaining the data, the double input method was adopted to establish the survey database with EpiData 3.1 software,and then the statistical analysis of the data was carried out using office 2013.Results A total of 16 questionnaires were collected from relevant personnel of medical institutions, among which 15 were valid, with the effective rate of 94%. The satisfaction of the staff of the medical institutions to the overall and text format of the standard were 75% and 82%, respectively; 73.3% of medical institutions knew the release of the standard; 71%, 29% and 0% were familiar with, general and unfamiliar with the content of the standard, respectively; 93.3%, 6.7% and 0% were fully understanding, partially understanding and incomprehensible with the terms and definitions of the standard, respectively. Standard test indicators and the limits of "unknown", "partial known" and "proficient mastering" were 13.3%, 13.3% and 73.3%, respectively. According to the standard contents, "all in accordance", "part in accordance" and "not in accordance" in the quality control test of TOMO were 61.5%, 30.8% and 7.7%, respectively. Among the 12 medical institutions, 91.7%, 50.0%, 33.3%, 8.3% and 0 of them think that the reasons for the problems in the quality control testing were "low popularity of the standard", "insufficient understanding of standard", "difficult to understand test indicators", "lagging behind the development of standard", and "difficult to achieve standardized testing equipment", respectively. All the relevant personnel of the medical institutions were able to understand the quality control testing equipment and carry out the stability test of TOMO.Conclusion The relevant personnel of medical institutions were highly satisfied with the overall and text format of the standard. They thought that the standard could meet the quality control needs of TOMO. The relevant personnel knew the basic situation and content of the standard, but their understanding to the content needed to be improved. It was suggested to strengthen the training、publicity and implementation of the standard and the capacity-building of the institutions.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Tracking evaluation on “Specification for testing of quality control in helical tomotherapy unit” (WS 531—2017): relevant personnel of health supervision institutions
    ZHAI Hezheng, SONG Bin, LI Hailiang, XU Zhe, HU Chuanpeng, CHENG Xiaojun, ZHU Kunpeng, ZHANG Wenyi, Wang Xin, WU Quan
    2020, 29(2): 128-132. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.008
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    Objective To understand the implementation of the current standard WS 531—2017 “Specification for testing of quality control in helical tomotherapy unit” by relevant personnel of health supervision institutions, carry out follow-up and evaluation work， and provide a scientific basis for further improving the standard.Methods According to WS/T 536—2017" guideline for health standards tracking evaluation" and the implementation plan of the project, questionnaire survey was carried out for relevant personnel of health supervision institutions in 7 provinces, and the survey was carried out by means of on-site survey, mail, e-mail, etc. Then the team adopted double input method and established survey database with EpiData 3.1 software. At last, the office 2013 was used for data statistical analysis.Results 14 questionnaires were collected from relevant personnel of health supervision institutions, of which 13 were valid, so the effective rate was 93%. The overall and text format satisfaction of health supervision institutions were 76% and 80%, respectively; 92.3% of the health supervision institutions were aware of the release of the standard; The main ways for obtaining the standard were to download from the official website and exchange with peers; 7.7%, 69.2% and 23.1% were familiar with, general and unfamiliar with the content of the standard; The reasons for the problems in the quality control test in health supervision institutions of "low standard Popularization", "lack of standard understanding", "difficult to understand test indicators" and "difficult to reach test equipment" accounted for 61.5%, 61.5%, 46.2% and 76.9% respectively, and 84.6% of the relevant personnel in the health supervision institutions had not received the training for the standard. Among the relevant personnel in the 12 health supervision institutions, the "full understanding" and "partial understanding" of the terms and definitions in the standard accounted for 25% and 75%, respectively. 63.6% of the relevant personnel in the 11 health supervision institutions thought that it was difficult to apply the standard; Among ten health supervision institutions, the rate of "complete understanding", "partial understanding" and "no understanding" for the quality control test of TOMO accounted for 40%, 50% and 10%, respectively. In addition, the supervision organization found that some of the test indicators of TOMO were unqualified.Conclusion The satisfaction of relevant personnel of health supervision institutions to the overall standard and text format was high. Relevant personnel knew the basic situation and content of the standard, while the understanding and application of the standard content needed to be improved. It was suggested to strengthen the publicity、implementation and training of the standards for relevant personnel of health supervision, and improve the application ability for future.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Tracking evaluation on “Specification for testing of quality control in helical tomotherapy unit” (WS 531—2017): relevant personnel of technical service institutions
    SONG Bin, ZHAI Hezheng, XU Zhe, LI Hailiang, WU Quan, ZHU Kunpeng
    2020, 29(2): 133-137. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.009
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    Objective To understand the implementation of the current “Specification for testing of quality control in helical tomotherapy unit (WS 531—2017)” and the scientific, practical, advanced and operable issues in the implementation processby the relevant personnel oftechnical service institutions, and so as to provide a scientific basis for the further revising the standard.Methods According to “guideline for health standards tracking evaluation (WS/T 536—2017)” and the implementation plan of the project, questionnaire survey was carried out among technical service personnel who used WS 531—2017 to carry out TOMO quality control testing in 15 domestic provinces. The follow-up and evaluation work were carried out by means of pre-survey, field survey, mail, e-mail, etc.Results 30 questionnaires were collected, 28 ofwhich were valid, with an effective rate of 93.3%. The satisfaction of technical service organization with the overall and text format of the standard were 83.1% and 95.7% respectively; 44.0%was familiar with the content of the standard; 78.6% was fully understood with the terms and definitions of the standard. Standard test indicators and the limits of “proficient mastering” was only 22.2%; According to the standard content, “all in according”was 77.8% in the quality control test of TOMO; The main reasons for the problems in the quality control testwere “Low standard popularity" (68.0%), “difficult to reach the standard setting test equipment” (64.0%) and “insufficient understanding standard” (48.0%). At the same time, the personnel of technical service institutions had a low training rate, and the frequency of applying standards was not high.Conclusion The relevant personnel of technical service institutions were satisfied with the text format and overall evaluation of the standard and had a high awareness of the basic situation and content of the standard, but their familiarity with the standard needs to be improved. Further training, publicity, the operability and scientific aspectsof the standard need to be further strengthened.
  • Health Standard Tracking Evaluation
    Analysis of “Specifications for testing of quality control in X and γ ray stereotactic radiotherapy system”(WS 582—2017) tracking evaluation results
    HU Chuanpeng, HUANG Weixu, ZHAI Hezheng, LI Hailiang, ZHANG Lei, JIA Chenzhi, CHENG Xiaojun
    2020, 29(2): 138-141. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.010
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    Objective To understand the problems in the use of the standard named specifications for testing of quality control in X and γ ray stereotactic radiotherapy system(WS 582—2017), and evaluate the scientificity, rationality, applicability and operability of the standard, so as to put forward reasonable suggestions for further improving.Methods According to WS/T 536—2017, the standard was tracked and evaluated by questionnaire and field survey, and then the recovered questionnaire were reviewed and the label was corrected, At last the data was input by Excel office and the statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS 13.0.Results All units using the standard were aware of the release of the standard. The training rate of technical service institutions、manufacturers、supervision institutions and medical institutions were 71.9%、85.7%、33.3% and 43.5%, respectively. The familiarity rate of technical service institutions、manufacturers、supervision institutions and medical institutions with the standard content were 71.7%、68.1%、18.5% and 54.8%, respectively. Meanwhile, all the respondents did not grasp the chapter of X-knife, and more than half of the respondents thought that the standard test methods were feasible and practical.Conclusion The users had a high degree of recognition for the coordination of standards; The practicability of the standard and the operability of the detection method were generally recognized. Meanwhile, In the future the publicity and training efforts need to be improved, and some testing indexes and methods need examples and explanation
    • Radiation Health/Original Articles
  • Radiation Health/Original Articles
    Health status of interventional radiology staff in provincial and municipal hospitals of Gansu Province
    ZHANG Rong, LIU Gang, NIU Limei, WU Xiaoqin, LIU Yinyin, LI Ye, WANG Liqin
    2020, 29(2): 142-143,149. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.011
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    Objective To understand the health status of interventional radiology staff in provincial and municipal hospitals in Gansu Province, and to explore the methods of improving interventional radiology protection in two-level hospitals.Method 556 Interventional Radiology Workers (312 in provincial hospitals and 244 in municipal hospitals) in Gansu Province were examined. Five radiosensitive items (lens opacity, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, chromosome and micronucleus) were selected for statistical analysis.Results For the 3 items of detection rates of lens opacity, leukopenia and chromosome abnormalities, there was no significant difference between provincial and municipal groups. The detection rates of platelet reduction at municipal level were higher than at provincial level, with statistical significance. The detection rates of micronucleus abnormalities at provincial level were higher than that at municipal level, with statistical significance.Conclusion Health status of interventional radiology staff in provincial and municipal hospitals of Gansu province is different.
    • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    European guidelines on diagnostic reference levels for paediatric imaging and its reference
    XUE Ru, JU Jinxin, CHEN Erdong
    2020, 29(2): 144-149. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.012
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    Objective To provide reasonable and feasible suggestions for the development of diagnostic reference levels of paediatric imaging in China.Method Refer to the basics and main technical contents of the new European guidelines on diagnostic reference levels(DRLs) for paediatric imaging, analyze the status of relevant standards in China and put forward some reasonable and feasible suggestions on the development of DRLs for paediatric imaging in China.Result Based on Europe-wide survey, the European commission has established European DRLs for paediatric radiography, fluoroscopy and CT procedures. There is an urgent in need of national DRLs for paediatric imaging in China and standards for detailed guidance on how to carry out and report patient dose surveys. Scientific and ordered nation-wide surveys should be carried out. In addiction, establishing and practical appling local DRLs for paediatric imaging should be encouraged.Conclusion Accelerate the establishment of DRLs for paediatric imaging in China.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Investigation on the use of radiation protective equipment in medical institutions in one district of Shanghai
    WANG Yanmei, WANG Guimin, JIANG Yuanqiang, LI Haoran, JIANG Song
    2020, 29(2): 150-152. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.013
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    Objective To understand the current situation of the use of radiological protective equipment in X-ray imaging diagnostic examinees in one district, to better promote the use of radiological protective equipment and guide people to correctly recognize radiological diagnosis.Methods A total of 174 examinees were investigated by means of on-site questionnaires from one tertiary hospital, two secondary hospitals and three primary hospitals in one district, and the survey data were statistically processed.Results The awareness of radiological protection among the examinees was low, and the use rate of radiological protection equipment in diagnostic X－ray examinations was low (29.9%). Hospital level, examination type, examination points and examination times were all correlated with the use of personal protective equipment in this examination, which was statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion It is necessary to intensify the publicity, popularize the relevant scientific knowledge, raise the awareness of the use of radiological protective equipment by the examinees, and urge the medical institutions to make personal protective equipment for the examinees.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Analysis of DR ranging error
    LIU Pan
    2020, 29(2): 153-156. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.014
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    Objective To analyze the results of ranging error detection and discuss its influencing factors, so as to control the imaging link of DR detector.Methods Referring to “the medical digital X-ray photography (DR) system quality control test specification ”(WS 521—2017), the DR ranging error detection results were processed. Meanwhile, DR equipments from the same manufacturer were selected for horizontal comparison and those from different manufacturers for vertical comparison.Results The overall qualification rate of DR ranging error was not high, with an average qualification rate of 63.6%. The qualification rate reached 100% after ranging correction.Conclusion Further refinement of detection methods and reduction of data acquisition errors can effectively improve the qualification rate of ranging errors, which is of great significance to medical X-ray image diagnosis.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Investigation and analysis on current situation of radiation protection in some nuclear medicine in Hebei Province
    JIANG Lihong, LI Peng, LI Xiaopeng, CHEN Yan, LIANG Zhiling, ZHANG Yuanyuan, LIU Junyan, LIU Yong
    2020, 29(2): 157-161,165. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.015
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    objective To master the present situation of radiation protection in some nuclear medicine workplaces and radiation workers in Hebei Province and to provide data support for strengthening radiological health supervision and developing standards related to nuclear medicine.Methods Ambient dose equivalent rates were measured by X and gamma radiation dosimeters for 16 nuclear medicine workplaces in Hebei Province, and beta surface contamination of workplaces and staff were measured by alpha and beta surface contaminators; The deep individual dose equivalent Hp(10) of 77 nuclear medical staff was monitored by thermoluminescence dose method, and occupational health test reports of the 77 nuclear medical staff were reviewed in the recent two years.Results There was statistical difference in the radiation level between all detection points in the SPECT(/CT) workplace (F = 32.02, P < 0.05), in which the ambient dose equivalent rates of the administration window (nurse operating position) was the highest. which was 11.92 to 37.77 μSv/h, with an average of (19.19 ±8.78) μSv/h; There was a statistical difference in radiation levels between detection points in the PET/CT workplace (F = 56.72, P < 0.05), in which the ambient dose equivalent rates of the administration window (nurse operating position) was 14.28 to 21.55 μSv/h, with an average of (16.55 ±3.87) μSv/h; In 16 nuclear medical workplaces, the average surface contamination level met the standard requirements. Two (12.50%) of the staff's work clothes and eight (50.00%) of their hands surface contamination level exceeded the standard in terms of surface contamination. The external exposure individual dose level of 77 nuclear medical staff was (1.11 ±0.65) mSv. None of the 77 radiation workers were found apparent skin abnormalities, but 12 (15.58 %) had some abnormalities in tissues and organs that were more sensitive to ionizing radiation. There were no significant differences found in the ocular lens abnormalities and chromosome abnormalities of the persons with exposure time of more than 20 years compared with other age groups.Conclusion Radiation protection in the nuclear medicine workplace under investigation was in good condition, but the staff's own protection needs to be strengthened; Further attention should be paid to the occupational health management of nuclear medical personnel.
    • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Application and development of “national individual dose registry for occupationally exposed workers” in China for 10 years
    DENG Jun, WANG Bo, WANG Tuo, FAN Shengnan, WANG Yanjun, MA Jianfeng, SUN Quanfu
    2020, 29(2): 162-165. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.016
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    Objective In order to provide the basis of data and science for the protection of occupational health and prevention and control of occupational radiation diseases, occupational exposure dose information and data of radiation workers in China were collected and analyzed online and dynamically.Methods In accordance with China’s relevant laws and regulations, the needs of individual dose registration and management were analyzed, and system of " national individual dose registry for occupationally exposed workers" was designed dynamically, developed and operated. The national personal monitoring technical service facilities reported the individual dose data directly on the internet. The system operation and maintenance, data quality control, and analysis and utilization of results are carried out by National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC.Results The registration system was successfully established, deployed and launched nationwide in November 2009. Since 2018, the system has authorized 364 users, collecting about 6.6 million individual monitoring dose data, and covering about 820 000 radiation workers in nearly 85 000 radiation work units.Conclusion The successful establishment and application of China's " national individual dose registry for occupationally exposed workers" in the past 10 years has promoted and standardized the registration, management and analysis of personal monitoring data of radiation workers in China, and has gradually become a scientific method for the prevention and treatment of occupational radioactive diseases and occupational health management.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Analysis on the result of national individual dose monitoring assessment in Baotou (2018)
    JIN Rong, ZHANG Suyan, LI Wenjuan, ZHANG Jie
    2020, 29(2): 166-167,172. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.017
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    Objective To test the ability of individual dose monitoring of radiation workers in our lab by taking part in the national individual dose monitoring assessment.Methods Baotou CDC participated in the assessment organized by National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC, and the measurement results were analyzed according to "the 2018 Annual Plan on Radiological Institutions Detection Capability Assessment".Results The five single performances are all less than 0.01,|Pi| ≤ 0.1, and the total performance is less than 0.01 too, B2+S2 ≤ 0.1. The result of the assessment is excellent.Conclusion The data of our lab are stable and accurate. The measuring system can meet the requirement of the individual dose monitoring in our city.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Investigation on radiation levels of ion-absorbed rare earth mines and dose assessment to workers
    WANG Chunhong, LIU Senlin, LIAO Haitao, XIE Wangcheng, WU Yihua, ZENG Ye
    2020, 29(2): 168-172. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.018
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    Objective To provide scientific basis for protecting workers' health and formulating supervision and management strategies though investigation in radiation levels of 4 ion-absorbed rare earth mines in Guangdong Province and Jiangxi Province, and assessment of the dose to workers.Methods The concentration of 222Rn/220Rn and its progeny, γ radiation level and radionuclide content in soil (raw ore) were monitored in rare earth mines by using Rn-Tn nuclear track detectors, RAD7 continuous radon monitors, BWLM-PLUS radon daughter working-level monitor, X(γ) radiation dose equivalent rate meter and γ spectrometer.Results The concentration range of 220Rn in the duty room on the top of the rare earth mine was 388～871 Bq/m3, and the γ radiation level of the product in the burning workshop was 560 nGy/h. Except the contents of 226Ra and 232Th in the soil(raw ore) were lower than that in the environmental control points, the radiation levels in other workplaces were higher than that in the control points.Conclusion The additional annual effective dose was below the annul effective dose limit, which was in the range of 0.15～8.06 mSv/a.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Investigation and study on the radioactive level of centralized drinking water sources in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region
    PENG Chong, CHEN Baocai, ZHOU Hualong, HE Xianwen, LU Lingyu, GUO Kaihang
    2020, 29(2): 173-177. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.019
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    Objective To investigate the concentrations of gross α,gross β, Uranium, Thorium and Radium-226 in 50 concentrated drinking water sources in 14 major cities of Guangxi, and to accumulate basic data for radiation environmental management in Guangxi.Methods Basede on 《Technical criteria for radiation environmental monitoring》(HJ/T 61—2001), the sample analysis was carried out by the Corresponding analytical methods of gross α, gross β, Uranium, Thorium and Radium-226 in water.Results The monitoring results of gross α, gross β, Uranium, Thorium and Radium-226 in concentrated drinking water sources in major cities in Guangxi were < 0.008～0.122 Bq/L, 0.014～0.250 Bq/L, 0.031～0.909 μg/L, 0.063～0.709 μg/L and 1.00～53.1 mBq/L respectively.Conclusion The radioactivity of concentrated drinking water sources in major cities in Guangxi is at the background level of the natural environment, and the concentration of either gross α or gross β does not exceed the guiding values of radioactivity index in 《Standards for Drinking Water Quality》.Groundwater-type drinking water sources conforms to the requirements of Grade Ⅲ water quality radioactivity index in 《Standards for Groundwater Quality》. The radioactive level of the city's centralized drinking water source in Beihai City is the highest among the 14 major cities in Guangxi.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Result discussion of the nationwide ability assessment for personal external exposure dose monitoring in 2018
    CHEN Fei, GUO Wen, HU Aiying, DING Yanqiu, ZHANG Xuan, WANG Chen, TONG Linquan
    2020, 29(2): 178-181. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.020
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    Objective To ensure the health and safety of radiation exposure workers and improve personal dose monitoring capability of the national radiological health service institutions.Methods The assessment plan was formulated and conducted. The assessment results were analyzed, in order to find out and solve the problems existing in the personal dose monitoring of service institutions. Results There were 345 effective institutions participating in this personal dose ability assessment, of which 322 were qualified (including excellent ones), so the passing rate was 93.3%. There were 90 excellent institutions, and the excellent rate was 26.1%; There were 23 unqualified institutions, and the unqualified rate was 6.7%.Conclusion Through years of assessment, the national personal dose monitoring capability has remained at a high level. Most of the institutions participating in the assessment were able to complete the assessment of monitoring competence in accordance with the assessment plan. A small number of participating institutions' assessment results deviated greatly from the reference values. Some test reports were not standardized. It is necessary for these institutions to do quality control in the work, strengthen the training of staff, and further improve the standardization of monitoring work and the accuracy of measurement results.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Analysis on the result of the 2018 national individual does monitoring system blind sample comparison in Ningxia
    JI Xuli, KONG Qingyu, LU Guicai, SUN Yanling, LI Hongcheng
    2020, 29(2): 182-184. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.021
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    Objective Through participating in the blind sample comparison of the national personal dose monitoring system for radiation workers, to understand the operation status of personal dose monitoring system of the provincial laboratory, and improve the monitoring ability and level.Methods According to the requirements of the national personal dose monitoring ability assessment program in 2018, to prepare the thermoluminescent dosimeter, mail them back to the assessment group for blind sample irradiation, and then participate in the comparison laboratory inspection test and analyze the data.Results In the comparison results of the 5 groups, the performance deviation of single group in 5 groups of comparison results is - 0.07～0.02 (all in line with |Pi| = 0.10), and the comprehensive performance deviation is B2 + S2 ≤ 0.30, so the experiment got a full score of 70. As the test report got 9 points, the total score did not meet the requirements of excellent evaluation, the blind sample comparison result of personal dose monitoring system in this laboratory is qualified.Conclusion The personal dose monitoring system of our laboratory in Ningxia is in good operation, the test results are accurate and the error range is small, and which can meet the relevant national standards for personal dose monitoring of occupational external exposure.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Analysis on monitoring individual does results of external exposure of radiation workers in Nantong City from 2014 to 2017
    TAN Weiwei, ZHONG Ende, SANG Junyang
    2020, 29(2): 185-187,192. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.022
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    Objective To understand the dose level and distribution of occupational external exposure among radiation workers in different years and different types of work in Nantong city from 2014 to 2017, so as to provide scientific basis for the radiation protection management and prevent the occurrence of radioactive occupational diseases.Methods The radiation workers were monitored quarterly according to the external exposure individual dose monitoring standard, which their occupational categories included Diagnostic Radiology (2A) , Interventional Radiology (2E) , Nuclear Medicine (2C) , Dental Radiology (2B), Radiotherapy (2D) , Industrial Irradiation (3A), Industrial Inspection(3B) and so on. The monitoring data were aggregated using the personal monitoring management system of the National Radiological Health Information Platform.Results A total of 6,465 radiological workers were monitored for the four years, with an annual effective dose of 0.28 mSv/a per capita. 654 (10.12%) workers’ annual effective dose was lower than MDL, and the MDL～1 group was 5619 (86.91%). The four-year collective effective dose was 1.83 Sv, of which the collective effective dose of MDL～1 group was 1.46 Sv. The per capita effective dose of nuclear medicine was 0.56 mSv/a, higher than other occupational monitoring results. Interventional radiology was 0.44 mSv/a, radiotherapy was the lowest (0.21 mSv/a). The per capita effective dose of diagnostic radiology was 0.27mSv/a, which contributed the most to the collective effective dose.Conclusion According to GB 18871—2002《Basic standards for ionizing radiation protection and radiation source safety》, the radiation workers monitored were all far below the dose limit of 20mSv, and the working environment of the radiation workers was in a safe and stable state with good radiation protection conditions.
    • Radiation Environment/Original Articles
  • Radiation Environment/Original Articles
    Application research of AERMOD in the radiation environment impact assessment of nuclear facilities
    SONG Weijie, HOU Lianjiao
    2020, 29(2): 188-192. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.023
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    Objective Based on the mechanism of AERMOD model, to study the application of AERMOD in the radiation environmental impact assessment of nuclear facilities.Methods According to the given release source item and site meteorological data, the concentration distribution of gaseous radionuclides during the normal operation of nuclear facilities was simulated, and the location and time distribution of the peak concentration were further qualitatively analyzed to study the applicability and application prospect of AERMOD model in the radiation environmental impact assessment of nuclear facilities.Results Through the analysis of the applicability and application prospect of AERMOD model, it was concluded that AERMOD can meet the needs of calculating the concentration distribution of gaseous effluents from nuclear facilities, can be applied to the analysis of diffusion trend and sensitive points of gaseous effluent from nuclear facilities, and can also provide data support for the monitoring plan of conventional operation of nuclear facilities.Conclusion This research can provide a reference for further developing the application of AERMOD in the radiation environmental impact assessment of nuclear facilities in the future.
    • Radiation Security/Original Articles
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    Construction and application of health emergency training platform for nuclear and radiation accidents
    CHEN Huifang, CHANG Chunhui, FU Ximing, YUAN Long, LEI Cuiping
    2020, 29(2): 193-196. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.024
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    Objective In order to improve the training and exercise system for nuclear and radiation health emergency response in China, and further strengthen the professional capacity-building of health emergency response personnel.Methods Combined with the characteristics of nuclear and radiation emergencies training and exercises, the basic requirements of the platform system were formulated by studying the needs of grass-roots personnel for training and exercises, the design methods of relevant domestic and international platforms, and through expert demonstrations.Results According to the requirements of health response training and exercises for nuclear and radiation accidents, the developed platform includes professional training system construction, flow-based comprehensive training management, single person special drill, multi person collaborative comprehensive drill, training and exercise management, information release, etc.Conclusion The health emergency work of nuclear and radiation accidents is a systematic project with strong technicality, wide coverage and great social impact. Through the construction and application of this platform, the capacity of health emergency preparation and response on site of nuclear and radiation emergencies can be improved, and the health emergency training and exercise system in China can be improved.
    • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Clinical study of different acquisition time windows on reducing CT radiation dose
    XING Jie, LI Juntang, HAO Dapeng
    2020, 29(2): 197-200. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.025
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    Objective To study the influence of different heart rates, acquisition time windows and artifacts in CT imaging diagnosis.Methods 120 patients who underwent coronary CTA scan in our hospital from August 2017 to September 2019 were selected for this study. Coronary CTA scan was performed for each patient, and the optimal imaging period for patients with different heart rates was determined by the phase. The difference between the optimal imaging phase and acquisition time window of patients with different heart rates，the difference between subjective and objective evaluation of image quality, and the radiation of different acquisition time windows were analyzed.Results The optimal imaging phase and acquisition time window of low heart rate group were higher than those of other two groups (P < 0.05); the subjective scores of image quality of right coronary artery, left anterior descending branch and circumflex branch in low heart rate group were significantly higher than those of other two groups (P < 0.05); the CT value and contrast noise ratio (CNR) of the right coronary artery, left anterior descending branch and circumflex branch in low heart rate group were significantly higher than those of other two groups (P < 0.05), and the fat noise was significantly lower than those of the other two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the effective dose index of the best acquisition time window and the effective dose index of the whole cardiac cycle among the three groups (P > 0.05). At the same time, the effective dose index of the best acquisition time window had no statistical significance. It was significantly lower than the total effective dose index (P < 0.05).Conclusion In the diagnosis of patients with low heart rate, the time of image acquisition should be in the middle and end diastole, while in the diagnosis of patients with high heart rate, the time of image acquisition should be in systole.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Impact of timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after removal of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography on post-surgical complications
    YAN Wenjie
    2020, 29(2): 201-205. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.02.026
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    Objective To assess the impact of timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after removal of common bile duct stones by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) on post-surgical complications, so as to provide evidence for the option of surgical timing.Methods A total of 85 patients with choledocholithiasis that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups according to the timing of laparoscopic cholecystectomy after ERCP: patients in Group A undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy 48 to 72 h post-ERCP (n = 30), patients in Group B undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy 72 h to 6 weeks post-ERCP (n = 25), and patients in Group C undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy 6 to 8 weeks post-ERCP (n = 30). The demographic and clinical features, and post-surgical complications were compared among the three groups.Results There were no significant differences among the three groups in terms of age, gender, body mass index, incidence of hypertension, diabetes, coronary artery disease or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, duration of hospital stay, degree of abdominal adhesions, rate of conversion to open cholecystectomy or rate of laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (P > 0.05), and the duration of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly shorter in Group A than in groups B and C (P < 0.05). The incidence of post-surgical complications and mean number of complications per capita were both significantly lower in Group A than in groups B and C (P < 0.05), and lower incidence of biliary injury, superficial wound infection, deep wound infection and incisional hernia was seen in Group A than in groups B and C (P > 0.05). In addition, there were no significant differences in the percentage of post-surgical ERCP or hospital readmission among the three groups (P > 0.05).Conclusion Laparoscopic cholecystectomy performed 48 to 72 h post-ERCP for removal of common bile duct stones is effective to reduce the incidence of post-surgical complications and shorten the duration of surgery and hospital stay, which deserves extensive clinical applications.