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    Radiobiology/Original Articles
  • Radiobiology/Original Articles
    Screening and functional prediction of circRNA for BEAS-2B cell injury induced by α irradiation
    DANG Xuhong, CHAI Dongliang, ZHANG Ruifeng, YUAN Yayi, LI Youchen, ZUO Yahui, WANG Zhongwen
    2020, 29(4): 319-324,329. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.001
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    Objective To investigate the effect of α-irradiation on the expression of circRNA in BEAS-2B cells and to screen potential circRNA markers.Methods The human bronchial epithelial cell BEAS-2B were irradiated by alpha-irradiation equipment. Cells were irradiated by fractional irradiation. Each irradiated dose was 0.1 Gy. After each irradiation, cells were subcultured for 10 generations, cumulative irradiation for 4 times and subcultured for 40 generations. Then cell models with different irradiation doses and subculture times were obtained. Finally, cell models of 2B-0.1Gy(2)-20, 2B-0.1Gy(4)-40 were collected for subsequent microarray detection. The potential circRNA molecules were screened through the comparative analysis of the differentially expressed circRNA of the two cell models, and the function prediction of circRNAs were further analyzed by the online analysis tools, such as Circinteractiome, Kaplan Meier plotter, Metascape, and so on.Results After irradiated with α particles, 357 and 451 circRNAs were differentially expressed in 2B-0.1Gy (2)-20 and 2B-0.1Gy (4)-40 groups, respectively. Six common differentially expressed circRNAs in the two experimental groups were screened, which had the same expression trend. Prediction and analysis of miRNAs and RBPs for candidate circRNAs showed that 195 miRNAs and 6 RBPs were predicted to have an interaction with 6 circRNAs in this study. KEGG pathway analysis of miRNAs showed that these miRNAs were mainly involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, lysine degradation, fatty acid metabolism, and so on. Kaplan Meier plotter analysis showed that 5 candidate circRNAs’ RBPs and maternal genes were obviously correlated with the prognosis of lung cancer. Meanwhile, the interaction network of maternal genes and RBPs was constructed using Metascape.Conclusion Differentially expressed circRNAs can be induced by α partical irradiation in BEAS-2B cells. And six potential circRNA markers of cell damage induced by α particles irradiation were screened. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that candidate circRNAs may be involved in the damage and malignant transformation of BEAS-2B cells induced by α irradiation through "miRNA sponge" and "RBP sponge".
    • Radiation Health/Original Articles
  • Radiation Health/Original Articles
    Variation of complete blood count of maintenance workers in nuclear power plants
    LIU Ranran, XIAO Sanhua
    2020, 29(4): 325-329. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.002
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    Objective To explore the variation of complete blood count of maintenance workers in a nuclear power plant.Methods Analysis of variance was used to analyze the repeated measurement data and evaluate whether the counts of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets have changed over the years, whether differences in blood cell counts among workers of different ages were significant, and whether age is associated with time.Results Erythrocyte counts of nuclear power plant maintenance workers changed over time (F = 40.89, P < 0.001), and time was associated with age (F = 3.74, P = 0.005); Leukocyte count changed over time (F = 5.78, P < 0.001), and time was not associated with age (F = 0.77, P = 0.578); Platelet counts changed over time (F = 30.37, P < 0.001), and time was not related to age (F = 0.67, P = 0.668). There was no difference in erythrocyte, leukocyte and platelet counts among workers of different ages (P > 0.05).Conclusion The number of blood cells of nuclear power plant maintenance workers decreased at first and increased to a higher level. Further study is needed to better understand the phenomenon.
    • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Research on radiation dose in 263 children's interventional surgery
    CHEN Rui, CHEN Yingmin, ZHANG Yuheng, ZHAO Jianshe, LIU Zhaotian
    2020, 29(4): 330-334. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.003
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    Objective To evaluate the radiation dose of interventional surgery for children with different disease types at present, and analyze the clinical factors related to radiation dose, so as to reduce the radiation dose of children.Methods From July to September 2019, all the cases of interventional surgery in the operating room of the catheter room of a third class hospital of a pediatrics hospital in Jinan were retrospectively collected, and their personal conditions and radiation dose reports were recorded.Results Among 263 children, hemangioma accounted for 27%, vascular malformation 49%, blastoma 14%, congenital heart disease 8%, and other diseases 2%. The median of dose-area product (DAP) in different interventional surgery are as follows: the highest record was capillary malformation 66.0 mGy·m2, the smallest was retinoblastoma （RB） 0.6 mGy·m2 and lymphatic malformation 0.02 mGy·m2. The median of cumulative dose (CD) in different interventional surgery are as follows: the highest record was capillary malformation 4132.0 mGy, the smallest was lymphatic malformation 1.2 mGy. The significant IH, Rb and VM groups were compared. the results showed that the DAP values of VM group and IH group were significantly higher than RB group (P < 0.05). and there was no significant difference between VM group and IH group (P > 0.05). The CD value of IH group was significantly higher than that of RB group and VM group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between Rb group and VM group (P > 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis in the operation showed that age (β = 0.188, P < 0.05), weight (β = -0.185, P < 0.05), tube voltage (β = 0.565, P < 0.05), tube current (β = -0.061, P < 0.05) and field size (B = 0.335, P < 0.05) had effect on children's irradiated dose. There was no significant difference between pulse time and copper filtration and children's irradiated dose (P > 0.05).Conclusion This study summarized the types and proportion of children's interventional surgery, evaluated the radiation dose level of each kind of interventional surgery. The characteristics of children's body and exposure parameters of equipment are related to the radiation dose of children, which could be used for the preliminary evaluation of radiation dose and protection of children's interventional surgery.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Research on the thickness of fovea in macular area in nuclear personnel
    ZHAO Yuling, LIU Shufeng, MA Dexun, YU Fengqi, YAO Yebao, DONG xin
    2020, 29(4): 335-338,344. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.004
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    Objective To investigate the difference of thickness of macular area between personnel with special nuclear involvement and those without nuclear involvement.Method During the annual physical examination, the Optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was added to measure the thickness of the macular area for personnel with special nuclear involvement and those without nuclear involvement in the general environment. Each person should take three times of measurements, and 204 nuclear personnel with odd numbers and 105 non-nuclear personnel were randomly selected according to the number at the end of the physical examination form. We took the average of the 3 times of measurements for comparison.Results The mean age of nuclear-related personnel and non-nuclear-related personnel was aged (29.40 ±6.16) and (28.92 ±6.71), respectively. The difference was not statistically significant, P = 0.5325. Mean visual acuity of the two groups: nuclear-related personnel was (1.04 ±0.03)(R), (1.05 ±0.03)(L), non-nuclear-related personnel was (1.00 ±0.05)(R), (1.02 ±0.05)(L), P = 0.5006(R), P = 0.5962(L). There was no significant difference in visual acuity between the two groups. Mean thickness in the macular area of nuclear-related personnel: (212.9 ±1.3) μm(R), (205.5 ±1.1) μm(L), P < 0.0001, the difference was statistically significant. Mean thickness in the macular area of non-nuclear-related personnel: (223.2 ±2.5) μm(R), (211.7 ±2.4) μm(L), P < 0.0001, the difference was also statistically significant. The differences of mean thickness of macular area of nuclear-related personnel and non-nuclear-related personnel were statistically significant, P = 0.0003(R), P = 0.0217(L).Conclusion The thickness of the macular area of non-nuclear-related personnel is thicker than that of nuclear-related personnel. It may be related to the excessive use of LED light sources in the special working environment of nuclear-related personnel. Other factors include nuclear, air pressure, oxygen partial pressure and the psychological state of the human being, which need to be proved by more detailed experiments.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Research on frequency distribution and dose levels of head, neck, chest CT scans
    YAO Jie, GAO Linfeng, QIAN Aijun, WANG Bin, XIAO Hong, JIANG Zhou
    2020, 29(4): 339-344. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.005
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    Objective To master the frequency distribution and dose levels of head, neck, chest CT scans in Shanghai.Methods Stratified typical sampling method was used and 25 hospitals were chosen for investigation. The patient’s basic information, examination types, scan parameters and patient’s dose reports were gathered from the Shanghai Comprehensive Information System of Radiation Protection, the hospital's medical imaging information system (PACS) and medical information system (HIS),. Data was input the computer for processing and analyzing.Results Among the 1 732 286 CT examinations, head, neck and chest examinations accounted for more than 75 percent in children, more than 60 percent in adults. For adult, the mean values of weighted CT dosimetry index (CTDIw) of head, eye and chest CT scans were 55.4 mGy, 43.1 mGy and 12.4 mGy, respectively. The mean values of volume CT dosimetry index (CTDIvol) of head, eye and chest CT scans were 56.1 mGy, 47.0 mGy and 10.6 mGy, respectively. The average dose-length product (DLP) of head, ear canal and chest CT scans were 603.4 mGy·cm, 241.8 mGy·cm and 293.6 mGy·cm, respectively.Conclusion Head, neck and chest CT scans make up a great proportion of CT examinations, and obvious difference was found among various types of CT examinations.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    The investigation of the behavior and radiation protection cognition of nuclear medicine patients
    ZHANG Qingzhao, LIANG Jing, ZHU Weiguo, ZHANG Zhen, HOU Changsong
    2020, 29(4): 345-347. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.006
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    Objective Through questionnaire survey, behavioral characteristics and radiation cognition status of patients with diagnosis and treatment in nuclear medicine were analyzed to provide help for reducing unnecessary exposure of the public.Methods A self-made questionnaire was used to investigate the behavior of 245 nuclear medicine patients after radioactive drug injection or taken, including travel, accommodation, dining and other behavioral studies, as well as the knowledge about radiation.Results According to the survey, 57.14% of the patients left the hospital after the examination, 61.14% of patients who left the hospital after examination used public transport. 28.57% of the patients ated in public restaurants. 13.06% knew nothing on attention of radiation protection.Conclusion The radiation exposure to surrounding population from nuclear medicine patients should not be ignored. It is necessary to strengthen the administration of nuclear medicine patients, as well as improve their radiation protection cognition.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Analysis on frequency of medical exposure in Hengshui City
    SI Yi, WANG Yuchun, WU Ruili, HE Na
    2020, 29(4): 348-351,356. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.007
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    Objective To acquire the status of medical radiation diagnosis and treatment in radiation diagnosis and treatment institutions in Hengshui City.Methods Survey and analysis were carried out on various medical institutions in Hengshui city carrying out medical diagnosis, interventional therapy, radiotherapy and clinical nuclear medicine projects. The application frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment was calculated based on the population data of Hengshui city.Results The number of medical and health institutions in Hengshui City that obtained the radiological diagnosis and treatment permits in 2016 was 105. The frequency of medical diagnosis was 253.72 per 1000 population, the frequency of interventional radiology was 1.42 per 1000 population, the frequency of radiotherapywas 0.36 per 1000 population, and the frequency of clinical nuclear medicine was 0.33 per 1000 population. There are only 4 counties and districts in the city to carry out interventional radiology, 7 counties and districts to carry out radiotherapy, and clinical nuclear medicine is carried out in only one hospital in Taocheng District, and the development of medical irradiation is very uneven.Conclusion We have preliminarily grasped the level of medical exposure frequency in the city’s radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions, enriched the basic data of the city's medical radiological health projects, and should give full play to the role of "mainstay" in the second-level hospital and “basic diversion” in the first-level hospital, so as to reduce the pressure on the third-level hospital to seek medical treatment. It provides reference for the future development of radiological diagnosis and treatment, and lays the foundation for further development of radiological hygiene work.
    • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Dose rate assessment for pipeline purge of DGT
    WU Haokun, CHEN Ling, LUO Zhiping, BI Yuanjie, GUO Jinsen
    2020, 29(4): 352-356. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.008
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    Objective To evaluate the residual dust in the pipeline under different conditions after the operation of DGT device and after cleaning and purging, to give the result of dose rate, and to propose radiation protection suggestions for the subsequent design of DGT.Methods The Rock'n'Roll resuspension model was used to evaluate the process of pipeline cleaning and purging. Finally, the pipeline dose was estimated in combination with the radioactive activity of dust using Microshield.Results Argon purge has the highest dust removal rate, which can remove about 30% of the dust. However, the dust removal rate is still not good when the particle size is small, and the dose rate caused by pipeline dust can reach a low level at the operating distance of 50 cm.Conclusion Purging can remove the dust adhered to the pipe wall to a certain extent, but it cannot be used as the main method to remove the dust adhered to the pipe wall.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Analysis of radiation internal exposure in nuclear medicine staff of three hospitals in Gansu Province
    WANG Jie, ZHANG Hanyu, WU Jialong, WANG Yun, LI Juqi
    2020, 29(4): 357-361. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.009
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    Objective To perform the monitoring and dose estimation of internal exposure on 20 medical staff working in nuclear medicine in three Class-A hospitals in Gansu Province, which conducted thyroid treatment using 131I.Methods To directly measure internal exposure dose in vitro using the InSpector 1000 portable gamma spectrometer. To calibrate the gamma spectrometer for the energy and efficiency. The thyroid and thigh parts of each staff member were measured for 120 s respectively. The results from the thigh were used as the background of the body, the thyroid 131I activity was calculated, and the thyroid 131I intake was used to calculate the dose of the thyroid accumulative organ and the annual committed effective dose to be accrued.Results Among the 20 nuclear medicine staff in 3 hospitals, 8 of whom had 131I detected in the thyroid gland, accounting for 40% of the total number. The activity range of 131I in the thyroid gland was 30.29～1271.68 Bq, and the average activity was 395.39 Bq; The dose range of thyroid accumulative organs was 0.33～14.00 μSv and the average dose was 4.36 μSv. The annual committed effective dose range was 0.02～0.73 mSv, and the average dose was 0.23 mSv.Conclusion The survey results showed that the annual committed effective dose of all personnel did not exceed the 1 mSv limit for internal exposure monitoring, but it was also relatively close to the limit, and the monitoring period could be adjusted appropriately. Considering the changes in the amount of medication and the number of patients treated each cycle, further attention is also needed.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Calculation of the dose deviation of biological samples irradiation with Geant4
    LI Mingsheng, JIANG Qinghuan, CHENG Jinsheng
    2020, 29(4): 362-365. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.010
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    Objective To irradiate biological samples and evaluate the difference between the dose in the middle of the container and the total dose of the solution in the container.Methods Simulate the central dose in the container and the total dose of the solution in the container under four irradiation modes with Geant4, and then calculate the ratio of the above two dose.Results The ratio is closely related to the ray energy, the size of the container, and the modes of irradiation.Conclusion when irradiating biological samples, appropriate containers, rays, and irradiating patterns should be selected according to the existing conditions so that the central dose is approximately equal to the overall dose.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Investigation on indoor radon concentrations in Tibet and dose assessment to residents
    WANG Chunhong, LIU Senlin, WANG Xiaofeng, WANG Wei, XING Yu, YANG Mingli, HAN Chuncai, DUO Ji, JIANG Ziying, LI Jingjing, LIU Weifu, WEN Baoyin, GU Jiangang, GUO Luzhen, YANG Tao
    2020, 29(4): 366-369. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.011
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    Objective In order to obtain the present indoor radon levels in Tibet, the survey of the indoor radon concentration in Tibet was carried out at the background of the increasing trend of indoor radon in domestic cities.Methods The measurement was performed using KF606B solid state nuclear track detectors, and the period was 6～12 months.Results The survey result involves 138 dwellings in total, the range of indoor radon concentrations is 14～119 Bqm−3, and the average is 47.8 ±23.0 Bqm−3. There are 5 dwellings with radon concentration higher than 100 Bqm−3, accounting for 4% of the total dwellings investigated. The range of the effective dose to residents arising from radon and its progenies is 0.46～3.89 mSva−1, with an average of 1.56 mSva−1. Radon concentrations in dwellings in different regions, and in different building types and ages are compared in this paper.Conclusion The results of the indoor radon concentration measured in this investigation are significantly higher than those performed during the 1980s and 1990s in Tibet.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Surveillance results and analysis of radiation individual doses in a hospital from 2015 to 2019
    HOU Huiyu, CHEN Shaopeng, REN Jing, ZHAI Hezheng, WANG Yazhen
    2020, 29(4): 370-373. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.012
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    Objective To understand the level and dynamic changes of occupational external exposure dose of radiation employees in a hospital in Hebei Province from 2015 to 2019, so as to evaluate the radiation protection and the effect of radiation management measures, and provide scientific references for strengthening the management of radiation employees.Methods According to the current standard of GBZ128, the external exposure dose of all radiation employees for five consecutive years from 2015 to 2019 were collected to compare the changes and different levels of effective dose per capita in different years and different occupational categories (radiation posts).Results The average annual individual effective doses from 2015 to 2019 were 0.16 mSv/a, 0.08 mSv/a, 1.25 mSv/a, 0.72 mSv/a, 0.37 mSv/a, respectively, which were all less than 5 mSv/a and lower than the management target value of hospitals and the requirements of national standards; Comparing these 5 years, the average annual individual effective dose in 2017 was the highest, and the difference was statistically significant. The average annual individual effective doses of interventional radiology group(2E) and nuclear medicine group(2C) were higher than other groups, and the difference was statistically significant.Conclusion The average annual individual effective doses of the radiological staff in this hospital were at a low level, and the existing radiation protection management and measures should continue to be maintained. The individual dose in interventional radiology group and nuclear medicine group were relatively higher than other groups and they are the key supervising objects of radiation protection management.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Analysis of 8 CT module application protection test results in Tianjin
    NIU Zhen, DU Zhongqing, LI Chunying, YANG Shoulong, ZHANG Jimian
    2020, 29(4): 374-377. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.013
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    Objective To understand the current status of CT module radiological protection in Tianjin, and to protect the health rights and interests of radiologists, patients, and the public.Methods To analyze the radiation protection situation of the protection facilities, equipment and places of the CT module in 8 medical institutions in Tianjin by on-site investigation and detection.Results The effective use area of the 8 CT module surveyed and tested is mostly around 15 m2, and the minimum unilateral length is not more than 3 m; 3 to 5 mm lead shielding materials are used in the machine room; 8 machine rooms are equipped with personal protective equipment for the examinees. All are equipped with observation windows and door closing devices, with a configuration rate of 100%. 7 machine rooms are equipped with a power exhaust device, with a configuration rate of 87.5%; 6 machine rooms are equipped with a working status indicator light and door lamp linkage device, with a configuration rate of 75%. Only 4 machine rooms are equipped with ionizing radiation warning signs, and the configuration rate is 50%. The setting rate of the precautions for radiation protection is the lowest, 37.5%. The radiation protection tests of places and equipment all meet the standard requirements.Conclusion The newly installed CT modules in our city are in good condition and basically meet the radiation protection safety and radiation protection standards on the whole. They can provide safety guarantee for radiological diagnosis and treatment activities in an emergency situations. The configuration of various radiation protection facilities should still be improved and the management should be strengthened in practical work.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Application of sources and sources-less methods of γ spectrometry for analysis of radionuclides in environmental sample
    LAI Zhongjun, XUAN Zhiqiang, YU Shunfei, ZHAO Yaoxian, LI Yihua, LUO Jin, ZHENG Keke, WANG Ziyou
    2020, 29(4): 378-381,386. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.014
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    Objective To verify the feasibility of source-less efficiency calibration technique in measuring radionuclides in environmental samples.Methods 500 g food ash and 500 g dry soil were extracted as random experimental samples, then the specific activities of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U and 215Bi were confirmed by ash standard source and soil standard source, and the values were defined as sources measurement results. Furthermore, the samples were made into samples with different densities to be tested, packed using two sample boxes of Φ75 mm*H35 mm and Φ75 mm*H70 mm, and their specific activities of 40K, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U and 215Bi were denoted as sources-less measurement results. Finally, the radionuclides specific activities calculated by source-less efficiency, were compared with active specific activity.Results The deviation between the measured value of food and soil samples and active specific activity is within ±15%, accounted for 96.15% and 91.30%, respectively.Conclusion Source-less efficiency calibration technique can be used to analyze the radionuclides specific activity in environmental samples.
    • Radiation Security/Original Articles
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    Study on radiation risk assessment of digital subtraction angiography in a medical institution
    HUANG Zipei, YANG Yuhua, LI Xiaohua, CHEN Huifeng, LIN Haihui, XIA Bing
    2020, 29(4): 382-386. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.015
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    Objective In order to assess the radiation risk level in a medical institution and provide scientific basis for the radiation protection work of DSA in medical institutions.Methods To investigate the DSA radiation protection information and radiation accident history data and monitor dose on site of a hospital in Guangzhou. With reference to relevant national regulations and standards, DSA radiation risk factors were identified, analyzed and evaluated by AS/NZS ISO31000:2009 risk assessment index matrix method, and control countermeasures were proposed.Results The range of ambient dose equivalent rate around each detection points outside DSA room was 0.17～1.69 μSv/h. In the near-stage and in-room operation, the dose equivalent rate was 95～153 μGy/h for the first operator and 82～318 μGy/h for the second operator. The annual effective dose of radiation workers ranged from 0.16～1.12 mSv, and the average annual effective dose was (0.49 ±0.31) mSv. The radiation protection measures are reasonable and effective, and the staffs are in good health and basically meet the requirements of relevant regulations and standards. Radiation risk factors of DSA in this hospital mainly come from the following four aspects: equipment safety, environmental safety and protection, personnel safety and protection, safety and emergency management. It was preliminarily determined that high-risk events include: unstable safety of equipment parameters, lack or failure of personal protective equipment, lack of professional skills or misoperation, increased fluoroscopy time due to complex surgery, lack of safety protection awareness and no radiation accident emergency plan.Conclusion The radiation risk assessment system was preliminarily established, which can evaluate the radiation risk level of the DSA room of the hospital relatively efficiently.
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    Survey on perception on nuclear and radiation risk of students, teachers and medical personnel in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province
    YANG Haiyan, WANG Yanjun, WANG Yun, SUN Wei, WANG Jie, ZHANG Hanyu, WANG Fang, LEI Cuiping, WU Jialong
    2020, 29(4): 387-390,394. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.016
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    Objective To investigate the perception status on the risk of nuclear radiation of some high school students, teachers and medical personnel in Dunhuang City, Gansu Province, so as to make preparation for carrying out nuclear radiation related health education programs in the future.Methods In July 2018, random sampling questionnaires were used to investigate the risk perception and knowledge about nuclear radiation, basic personal information, and the way to get relevant information.Results A total of 550 valid questionnaires were collected, including 300 students, 50 teachers and 200 medical staff. The correct rate of the 10 radiation perception questions was higher in females than in males. The higher the age, the higher the awareness rate. the perception level of teachers is higher than that of medical staff and students. The higher the education level, the higher the cognitive level. The perception level of urban residents is higher than that of rural residents. In terms of government trust, students, teachers and medical staff have much higher confidence in the central government's ability to deal with the sudden nuclear accidents than local governments. 26.33% of the students, 40% of the teachers and 42% of the medical staff seldom know the knowledge about nuclear radiation. 92.67% of the students, 94% of the teachers and 98% of the medical staff want to know the information about nuclear radiation.. In terms of the mean to acquire nuclear radiation knowledge, students, teachers and medical staff preferred lectures and large-scale science exhibitions. The most trusted sources of nuclear radiation knowledge are experts.Conclusion The relevant publicity and education should be strengthened to improve respondents’ nuclear and radiation knowledge.It is an effective way to carry out nuclear and radiation publicity and science education through expert lectures and large-scale popular science exhibitions for respondents.
    • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Analysis on current situation of radiological health management in 233 radiological clinics
    SHEN Wuting, FAN Yanqiong, MA Zheng
    2020, 29(4): 391-394. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.017
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    Objective For understanding the situation of radiation diagnosis and treatment in medical institutions and provide the basis for the government to implement radiation health prevention and control and promote the safe and orderly progress of radiological diagnosis and treatment.Methods The survey and analysis of the radiological diagnosis and treatment work of medical institutions in the city were carried out through the questionnaire on the basic situation and survey record on the frequency of radiological diagnosis of radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions. Besides, some equipments of institution were randomly selected for testing.Results 223 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions in the city were equipped with 754 equipment and 1, 754 radiological workers, and the ratio of men to women was 3∶ 1. The radiological diagnosis and treatment is dominated by X-ray diagnosis, the number of equipment, radiological workers and the frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment accounted are 95%, 78% and 98.4%. All facilities were equipped with protective equipment. The compliance rates of X-ray diagnosis and interventional radiology were 97% and 94.1%; The qualified rate of equipment quality control detection and radiological protection detection were 91.8% and 98.4% in the randomly selected 17 radiology clinics. All radiological workers have attended radiological protection training, personal dose monitoring and occupational health examination, and hold the radiological worker certificate.Conclusion The current situation of radiological health management in medical institutions in the city is generally good, but problems in equipment, personnel, radiation protection and other aspects need to be solved.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Analysis of administrative penalties cases for radiation health in Hebei Province from 2017 to 2019
    FENG Dongying, DONG Zhenjun, YIN Junqing, SHEN Aiguo, SHEN Lijun, DUAN Xingli, CHANG Jin
    2020, 29(4): 395-397. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.018
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    Objective Through analyzing the administrative penalties cases of radiation health in Hebei from 2017 to 2019, to understand the radiation health supervision status of Hebei Province in recent years, so the data support and theoretical basis for improving regulatory effectiveness would be provided.Methods The information of administrative penalties cases for radiation health in Hebei Province from 2017 to 2019 was collected, and then statistical analysis was carried out form the aspects of cases source, punishment subject, punishment type and punishment cause.Results There were totally 658 administrative penalties cases for radiation health in Hebei from 2017 to 2019, in which 612 cases were found from the health supervision and management were found, accounting for 93.01% and the main body of punishment was the second medical institutions (394 cases, accounting for 59.88%). 419 cases were of general procedures type, accounting for 63.68%. The punishment cases were mainly due to engagement in radiological diagnosis and treatment by failing to check or exceed the approved scope.Conclusion It is necessary to fully understand the importance of radiological health supervision, increase the law enforcement of radiation health, strengthen the training and publicity of radiology knowledge, laws and regulations, and enhance the level of handling cases according to law, so the legitimacy, reasonability, fairness and justice of the health administrative penalties would be ensured.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Status survey and analysis of nuclear medicine department in medical institution of Hebei Province
    DONG Zhenjun, YIN Junqing, SHEN Aiguo, FENG Dongying, CHANG Jin, DUAN Xingli, SHEN Lijun
    2020, 29(4): 398-401. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.019
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    Objective To grasp and evaluate the basic situation of the usage of radioisotope, safety protection and radioactive waste management in the nuclear medicine department of Hebei province, so as to provide reference for optimizing the nuclear medicine resource allocation, improving the nuclear medicine diagnosis management level and carrying out effective nuclear medicine supervision.Methods The data was collected from the questionnaire of medical institutions self-examination, field investigation and random inspection of health supervision departments.Results By the end of 2018, 37 medical institutions in the province had developed clinical nuclear medicine departments, which were mainly in economically developed cities and tertiary medical institutions. There were 362 staff and 49 imaging diagnosis facilities in the nuclear medicine departments in Hebei province. The use of radionuclides mainly include 18F, 99Tcm and 125I etc. The diagnosis and treatment projects include PET-CT and SPECT examination, radioactive seed implantation and other radiotherapy programs. The application frequency of nuclear medicine examination in Hebei province was 2.13 person-times per 1000 population.Conclusion Corresponding guidance and policy support should be given in order to change the unbalance distribution and promote the healthy and orderly development of nuclear medicine. It is necessary to standardize the diagnosis and treatment procedure and enhance the ability and awareness of nuclear medicine staff and implement the main responsibility of radiological protection in medical institutions. Strengthen the professional training and health supervision team, improve their law enforcement capabilities and standards are also necessary.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Discussion on the related issues in the EAL establishment of abnormal airborne radiological effluent of NPP
    WANG Xuexin, PAN Yuting, ZHUANG Dajie, SUN Shutang, CHEN Lei
    2020, 29(4): 402-405. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.020
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    Objective This paper discusses the relevant issues of formulating the initial conditions of emergency response and the levels of emergency response (ICs/EALs) for nuclear power plants, such as the level of "abnormal airborne effluents".Methods Some problems involved in the formulation of emergency response level for airborne outflow materials were discussed.Results The analysis shows that the delayed release time, the share of nuclide release and the transformation of EAL units could affect the derivation of the emergency action level of "abnormal airborne effluents".Conclusion The priority of emergency action level of abnormal airborne effluents is low, which is not the only criterion for decision-making, but it is an indicator of EAL diversity and can reflect the symptoms of some potential events.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Statistical analysis of the status quo of collection and storage of waste radioactive sources in Shandong Province (2017—2019)
    WANG Yan, YUAN Jiulin, WANG Hui
    2020, 29(4): 406-409. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.021
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    Objective To understand the generation and storage of waste radioactive sources in Shandong Province, so as to provide data support for the supervision of radioactive sources, the formulation of policy standards and the disposal of waste radioactive sources.Methods The data of the collection and storage of waste radioactive sources in Shandong Province in recent three years were analyzed from five aspects: annual collection and storage, distribution of nuclides, distribution of industries, distribution of cities and places, and reasons for delivery and storage.Results In the past three years, the average annual collection and storage volume has increased by 113.8% compared with the past. The main collection and storage sources of waste radioactive sources are 137Cs, 241Am and 85Kr, accounting for 84% of the total collection and storage volume. The main industries of radiation source collection and storage are coal mine, gold mine, papermaking, steel and rolling steel, accounting for 70.9%.Conclusion Due to the collection and storage policy, industrial policy, regulatory policy and other reasons, the average collection and storage capacity of waste radioactive sources in Shandong Province in the past three years has been greatly increased, and the collection and storage capacity of waste radioactive sources in Shandong Province will remain at a high level in the next three years.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Analysis on results of testing ability assessments of radiation health technical institutions in China from 2010 to 2019
    YAO Zhu, JIA Tianjiao, ZHANG Wei
    2020, 29(4): 410-414. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.022
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    Objective To summarize and analyze the results of testing ability assessments of radiation health technical institutions in China from 2010 to 2019, in order to provide basis and reference for future related work and technical support for the health administrative departments.Methods The data of the classification, distribution and assessment results of the four items of the radiation health technical institutions were collected and analyzed.Results From 2010 to 2019, the total number of institutions, the number of institutions in each item and the number of qualified institutions in the assessments were increasing year by year; The number of all types of institutions applying for the assessments was increasing, among which the proportion of provincial institutions and prefecture level institutions was decreasing, the proportion of private technical institutions was increasing, and the proportion of other types of technical institutions was stable. The 9 provinces, Beijing, Hebei, Liaoning, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shandong, Henan and Guangdong, have registered more numbers of institutions to participate in the assessments, and the number of times reached 57.7% of the total number of times; The qualified rate of the four items fluctuated with the change of the number, the type, the difficulty and evaluation standard.Conclusion The influence and recognition of the assessments in the whole country were gradually increasing. The assessments carried out over the years have played an important role in mastering the capacity status, improving the capacity and management levels of the radiation health technical institutions, preventing and controlling the occupational radiation diseases and strengthening the emergency work of nuclear and radiation accidents.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Investigation and analysis on radiation protection status of medical staff in minimally invasive orthopedic surgery
    LUN Xiaoqin, DAI Qingmei, LIU Yuxiu, ZHENG Hongwei, ZHENG Shuwen
    2020, 29(4): 415-418. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.023
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    Objective To investigate the current status of X-ray radiation protection for medical staff of minimally invasive orthopedic surgery.Methods From March 2019 to May 2019, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 149 orthopedic surgeons, anesthesiologists and operating room nurses who participated in minimally invasive orthopedic surgery in 9 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province. A self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the general demographic data, the status of radiation protection, and the knowledge of radiation protection.Results The employees participating in orthopedic minimally invasive surgery in 9 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province accounted for 53.0% of the occupational health examinations each year, 66.4% participated in the radiation protection work training, and averaged 0.46 times per year. Medical staff under the age of 30 were significantly lower in protective knowledge scores than other age groups (P < 0.05). The more desirable training method is on-site simulation guidance (87.3%), and it is more desirable to understand the use of radiation protection products, the principle of ionizing radiation protection and the use of standard C-arm operation (81.88%、71.81%、75.84%).Conclusion In the aspect of radiation protection in orthopedic minimally invasive surgery, hospital administrators pay insufficient attention to the implementation of radiation protection system and inadequate protection equipment. Although some hospitals conduct regular training, the awareness of protection knowledge is not enough, and there is a gap between training content and clinical application. It is necessary to improve the training mode and strengthen training.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Investigation and analysis of current situation of radiological health technical service institutions in Chongqing
    YANG Yunfu, QIN Ling, He Yingjie, ZHANG Lilong
    2020, 29(4): 419-421,425. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.024
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    Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of radiological health technical service institutions in Chongqing, and to provide reference for health authorities to master the technical capability and service quality of radiation health technical service institutions.Methods The methods of field survey, questionnaire survey and data search were used.Results There are a total of 30 radiological health technical service institutions in this city, which are distributed in centers for disease control and prevention (25), occupational disease prevention and treatment institutes (1), medical equipment testing institutions (1) and private units (3). Among them, there are 24 district - and county-level centers for disease control and prevention, of which 13 carry out radiological diagnostic equipment and workplace testing, and 11 carry out only workplace testing, and none carry out radiation therapy equipment testing, nuclear medicine equipment testing and personal dose monitoring. There are 175 professional and technical personnel, all of whom hold certificates, mainly young and middle-aged (90%), most of whom have a bachelor's degree or above (69%), and most of whom have a junior professional title (54%). A total of 244 sets of radiological health quality control and detection equipment were installed, mainly radiological diagnostic quality control and detection equipment and workplace protection and detection equipment (87%). The equipment outfit rate of the district-level CDC is relatively low (5 sets/home).Conclusion Municipal centers for disease control and prevention and private units have strong radiological health technical service capabilities, but district and county centers for disease control and prevention have weak radiological health technical service capabilities, which needs further upgrading and strengthening.
    • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    HRCT and PET/CT imaging features of chest sarcoidosis
    CUI Yanrong, ZHANG Yu, HE Hairong, YANG Jingzhen, WANG Chengjian, ZHANG Xincheng
    2020, 29(4): 422-425. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.025
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    Objective Through comparative analysis of the imaging of sarcoidosis, the imaging characteristics of sarcoidosis were so deeply understood that to improve the diagnostic accuracy and reduce misdiagnosis.Methods CT and 18f-fdg PET/CT findings of 32 patients with chest sarcoidosis (including hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes) confirmed by pathology or clinical treatment from 2015 to 2019 were collected, and the morphology, distribution, enhancement mode and metabolic characteristics of the lesions were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among the 32 patients, 30 cases had hilar and mediastinal lymph node enlargement, 18 cases had pulmonary manifestations, 15 cases had multiple pulmonary nodules, 10 cases had other pulmonary manifestations, 2 cases had cervical lymph nodes involvement, 1 case had crura of diaphragm involvement, and 1 case had abdominal lymph nodes involvement. Mediastinal lymph nodes were homogeneous enhanced in 25 cases, annular enhancement in 5 cases, and metabolism of mediastinal lymph nodes increased in 8 cases (100%).Conclusion The imaging finding of chest sarcoidosis are varied, characterized by bilateral hilar and mediastinal lymph node enhancement and high PET metabolism. The combination of the two is conducive to the diagnosis of sarcoidosis.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Feasibility study on reducing radiation dose of upper airway CT examination in children with OSAHS by dual scout image and DoseRight technology
    YANG Fei, MOU Daoyuan, GUO Bin, JIANG Hui, BIAN Chuanzhen
    2020, 29(4): 426-429. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.026
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    Objective To explore the feasibility of further reducing radiation dose of upper airway CT examination in OSAHS children by using anteroposterior and lateral scout image combined with DoseRight technique.Methods A total of 107 OSAHS children aged 3-7 were enrolled prospectively, and divided into test group and control group randomly. Control group underwent a scan protocol with lateral scout scan combined with DoseRight technology, while anteroposterior and lateral scout scan combined with DoseRight technology were performed in test group. CTDIVOL and DLP were recorded and compared between two groups, as well as subjective and objective evaluation of the image quality was made.Results At the ROI1, SD value of the test group was higher than that of the control group, while SNR was lower than that of the control group (t = 5.83, −5.98, P < 0.01);there was no significant difference in SD value and SNR in ROI2 between the two groups; the average CTDIVOL of the test group was lower than that of the control group (t = −2.66, P = 0.012), and the average DLP of the control group was 16.8% higher than that of the test group (t = −2.46, P = 0.019).Conclusion Dual positioning image combined with DoseRight technology can reduce the radiation dose of upper airway CT examination in OSAHS children and ensure the image quality, which is worthy of application and promotion.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    The value of MSCT multiplanar reconstruction in the diagnosis of duodenal diverticulum and main complications
    YU Lei, ZHANG Lin, JIANG Xiangsen, YIN Zudong, LIU Wei, ZHOU Jing
    2020, 29(4): 430-432. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.027
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    Objective To investigate the value of MSCT multiplanar reconstruction in the diagnosis of duodenal diverticulum and main complications.Methods The imaging findings of 69 cases of duodenal diverticulum were retrospective analyzed. The location, size, and theinternal performance of duodenal diverticulum, and whether combined with intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones, bile duct inflammation, gallstone, cholecystitis, pancreatitis and other complications were evaluated by multiplanar reconstruction.Results 79 duodenal diverticulum of cases were diagnosed in all 89 patients. Among them, 54 cases were contained single lesion, 12 cases contained double lesions, 3 cases contained multiple lesions. 61 cases were discovered in descending part of duodenum, 4 cases in horizontal segment, 1 case in ascending segment, 3 cases in both descending segment and horizontal segment. 5 cases were confirmed complicated diverticulum inflammation; 58 cases confirmed stones and dilation in intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct; 9 cases confirmed complicated bile duct inflammation; 8 cases confirmed cholelithiasis and cholecystitis; 2 cases confirmed acute pancreatitis and only 5 cases confirmed common bile duct dilatation.Conclusion MSCT multiplanar reconstruction can be evaluated the duodenal diverticulum from different directions, and evaluate the combined biliary and pancreatic disease and other disease in the abdominal as well as determine whether the disease is related to duodenal diverticulum.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    The quantitative study of brain white matter variation after radiotherapy by MR imaging radiomics
    WANG Lizhen, YIN Yong, SU Ya, GONG Guanzhong, ZHU Jianguo
    2020, 29(4): 433-437. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.028
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    Objective To study the MR radiomics features variation of brain white matter before and after radiotherapy for brain tumors, and analyze the relationship between radiomics features and radiation dose, to provide a reference method for early prediction and monitoring of radiation-induced brain white matter injury.Methods A total of 70 patients with brain tumors who received radiotherapy in Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute from September 2018 to July 2020 were selected in this study. CT and MR simulation images (T1-enhanced, T1-enhanced and T1-enhanced to T1-enhanced silhouette images) were obtained respectively, and MR images were obtained again after 23～50 Gy radiotherapy. According to the actual dose of the patient, the white matter in different dose gradients of 0～5 Gy, 5～10 Gy, 10～15 Gy, 15～20 Gy, 20～30 Gy, 30～40 Gy and > 40 Gy was defined as region of interest (ROI). The influence radiomics features of different ROI in T1 plain scan, T1 enhanced and T1 silhouette images were extracted, and the differences of each ROI MR image radiomics l features before and after radiotherapy were compared, and the relationship between radiomics features variation and radiation dose changes was analyzed.Results 93 radiomics features were extracted from each set of images for each ROI. For T1 plain scan, T1 enhanced and T1 silhouette images, the number of features with statistically significant differences between before and after radiotherapy: 0～5 Gy: 52, 52, 7, 5～10 Gy: 1, 1, 9, 10～15 Gy: 0, 16, 28, 15～20 Gy: 15, 8, 2, 20～30 Gy: 1, 77, 25, 30～40 Gy: 38, 64, 29, > 40 Gy: 32, 47, For the characteristics with variation rate more than ±50% before and after radiotherapy, in the dose gradients of 0～5 Gy, 5～10 Gy, 10～15 Gy, 15～20 Gy, 20～30 Gy, 30～40 Gy and > 40 Gy, the maximum change rates of imaging characteristics of different MR sequences were as follows: T1 plain scan 164.06%, 1.39%, N/A，35.76%, 7.4%, 156.45%, 657.25%, respectively. T1 enhanced 126.88%, 2.7%, 198.7%, 192.92%, 128%, 149.19%, 531.96% T1 silhouette −605.04%,−656.93%, 739.06%, −325.36%, 1919.53%, 4967.44%, 6081.3%，and for T1 silhouette the radiomics features variation was significantly higher than T1 plain scan and T1 enhancement.Conclusion The MR radiomics features of the brain white matter changed significantly under different dose gradients before and after radiotherapy, which could reveal the microscopic changes of white matter than conventional gross images method, and could provide a feasible objective method for early prediction and detection of radiation damage of brain white matter.
    • Review Articles
  • Review Articles
    Advances on the mechanisms of adaptive response to low dose radiation
    LIU Hanxiao, FANG Lianying, LI Jieqing, DENG Daping
    2020, 29(4): 438-441. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.029
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    The biological effects caused by high dose radiation have been understood, but the biological effects caused by low dose radiation are still unclear. Some experiments have proved that adaptive response is one of the effects induced by low dose radiation and involves many mechanisms, such as DNA damage, immune/inflammatory reactions and the antioxidant response. This paper reviewed the advances on the mechanisms of adaptive response to low dose radiation and provided theoretical basis for relevant researchers.
  • Review Articles
    DNA damage repair and radiosensitivity of tumor
    YANG Siqi, YAO Yi, SONG Qibin, ZHENG Sihao, GAO Yanjun, WU Bin
    2020, 29(4): 442-445. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2020.04.030
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    Radiotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of malignant tumors, and how to improve the radiosensitivity of tumors is a major topic of clinical and basic research. Radiation can cause multiple forms of DNA damage, and the repair process after DNA damage will lead to the decrease of radiosensitivity of cancer cells, even radiation resistance. In this paper, the mechanism of DNA damage repair and its effect on radiosensitivity of malignant tumors are reviewed.