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    Radiation Dose and Protection/Original Articles
  • Radiation Dose and Protection/Original Articles
    Experimental research on partial dosimetric performance for eye lens dosimeter and ring dosimeter
    DING Yanqiu, GUO Wen, HU Aiying, WANG Kaiyi
    2021, 30(1): 1-4,9. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.001
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    Objective To compare the test results of domestic and imported eye lens and ring dosimeters, and master some dosimetric performance indexes of eye lens and ring dosimeters.Methods According to IEC 62387—2012 and GBZ 128—2019, the performance of the eye lens dosimeters and ring dosimeters with the domestic thermoluminescence detectors were compared with the imported thermoluminescence detectors in photon response. The dose response deviation of the imported eye lens dosimeter and imported ring dosimeter was studied under the same irradiation condition. The difference of linear response between imported ring dosimeter and domestic ring dosimeter was studied under the same irradiation condition.Results The same dose was irradiated to domestic and imported thermoluminescence detectors in the imported eye lens and imported ring dosimeters, and the linear correlation coefficient all met R2 > 0.999. The maximum response deviation of the imported eye lens dosimeter and ring dosimeter was less than 10.0% for the same dose. Two kinds of imported ring dosimeters and one kind of domestic ring dosimeter were irradiated with the same dose, and the linear correlation coefficient all met R2 > 0.99.Conclusion Both domestic detectors and imported detectors can meet the needs of monitoring requirements. There was no obvious difference in linear response between imported ring dosimeter and domestic ring dosimeter. The repeatability of imported eye lens dosimeter and imported ring dosimeter met the performance requirements of the dosimeter.
    • Radiation Health/Original Articles
  • Radiation Health/Original Articles
    Analysis on lymphocytes micronucleus rate of 504 radiation workers
    WANG Qiuya, XIONG Xiaoyun, ZHANG Hengdong
    2021, 30(1): 5-9. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.002
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    Objective To investigate the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes in radiation workers exposed to chronic low dose ionizing radiation in Jiangsu province to adopt corresponding protective measures.Methods From January to December 2019, 504 in-service radiation workers were taken as the radiation group, 105 healthy adults who were to be engaged in radiation work by pre-job occupational health examination were served as the control group. We compared the micronucleus rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes measured by conventional culture.Results The micronucleus rate in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001) and the micronucleus rate in the female radiation workers was higher than that in the male (P < 0.01); The difference of micronucleus rate in different age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), among which aged 41～50 years being higher than that of those aged 21～30 years. Besides, The difference of micronucleus rate between different working age groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05), with higher rates in the 21～30 year range than in the 0～10 year range. (P < 0.05). Differential micronucleus rates among different types of work were statistically significant (P < 0.01), with the highest rate of micronucleus among staff in radiotherapy positions compared to other positions. What’s more, the highest rate of micronucleus among radiology staff in units of different levels was found in municipal hospitals, with statistically significant differences in micronucleus rates between provincial hospitals, enterprises (P < 0.05) and municipal hospitals (P < 0.01).Conclusion The micronucleus rate of radiation workers was significantly higher than that of non-contact personnel, and the micronucleus rate of female radiation workers is higher than that of men. Moreover, the highest rate was found among radiation workers. Therefore, radiation protection and daily management of this population should be strengthened.
  • Radiation Health/Original Articles
    Analysis on application of nuclear technology and radiation workers' occupational health management in non-medical institutions in Huai'an City
    HUO Binbin, XU Zhiyong, HE Dongdong, WANG Yinghua, YANG Huan, LUO Gongcheng
    2021, 30(1): 10-13,18. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.003
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    Objective To investigate and analyze the current situation of nuclear technology utilization and radiation workers' occupational health management in non-medical institutions in Huai'an City, and to strengthen the prevention and control of occupational radiation diseases.Methods 37 non-medical institutions of nuclear technology utilization in Huai'an City were surveyed by questionnaire, including radioisotope and radiation apparatus, personal dose monitoring of radiation workers, implementation of occupational health examination, protective equipment, etc.Results The industry covers manufacturing industry, transportation, warehousing and postal industry, scientific research and technical service industry, residential service, repair and other service industries, 0 class I radiation device, 15 class II radiation devices, 67 class III radiation devices; 0 class I and II radiation sources, 1 class III radiation device, 16 class IV radiation sources, 51 class V radiation sources, 1 unsealed radioactive material Class B workplace; 493 radiation workers, 90.5% with certificates, 85.4% with personal dose monitoring rate, rate of 37.8% with radiation protection monitoring equipment, and 68.0% with occupational health examination rate. It has 13 institutions equipped with personal protective equipment, 23 with dose alarming devices and 14 with radiation protection monitors. 30 radiation workplace tests have been carried out in the past two years.Conclusion The occupational health management of radiation workers in non-medical institutions is weak. At present, the responsibility of occupational health supervision has been assigned to the health department. Therefore, the health administrative department should strengthen the supervision of non-medical nuclear technology utilization institutions and improve the emergency mechanism of radiation emergencies in Huai'an city.
    • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Study on the status of radiological protection in Baoji City
    LU Jianchao, YANG Haifeng, GUO Qiang, KANG Zhidong, HU Xinmei, GONG Yifan, CHAO Hui
    2021, 30(1): 14-18. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.004
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    Objective To investigate the status of radiological protection in Baoji City.Methods Using the questionnaire survey method, the survey forms were sent to the radiology clinics and other relevant units in the counties and districts of the city to investigate the basic situation of radiology and treatment of medical and health institutions, basic information of radiology and treatment equipment, personal information of radiation workers, and health monitoring of radiation workers.Results There is 1.13 X-ray diagnostic equipment per 10, 000 people, 0.015 radiotherapy equipment per 10, 000 people in Baoji City, and One million people own 11.4 CTs. There are 1, 102 radiation workers in Baoji City, and 2.92 per 10, 000 people. The occupational health check rate of medical radiation personnel was 87.7% within 2 years, the personal dose monitoring rate was 90.4%, the radiation worker training rate was 73.6% within 2 years, about the holding rate of "Radiation Staff Certificate" in Baoji City was 73.0%, and the occupational health file rate was 89.2%. The evaluation indexes of various health monitoring were lower, especially in township hospitals (35.7%～50.8%).Conclusion On the whole, the number of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment is small, and Class A large equipment is almost blank. The city is stronger than the county in health monitoring. The status of health monitoring is very different from urban to rural areas.
    • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Research on temperature peak-shift correction methods for NaI (Tl) gamma spectrum
    FANG Dengfu, WEI Yingjing, CUI Wei, FENG Mei, TANG Zhihui, LI Zhigang, YI Hengguan
    2021, 30(1): 19-23,33. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.005
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    Objective The experiment project was designed to explore the variation of NaI (Tl) gamma spectrometer channels with environmental temperature. 60Co and 152Eu were used to verify the reliability of the correction methods.Methods Two correction methods were applicated, which were curve fitting correction method and known measurement peak correction method.Results The experimental results showed that temperature changes had an effect on NaI (Tl) measured spectra peak. The relative peak will shift to the right at 5℃ by 9.6%, and to the left at 60℃ by 16%, with the reference temperature set at 25℃. The two methods are based on the channel change due to temperature changes, and they could effectively correct the temperature peak-drift.Conclusion In order to make the measured spectrum information accurate and reliable in field monitoring, it is suggested to monitor the environmental temperature so as to correct the measured data.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Monitoring and analysis of radioactivity levels of environment samples and foods in Nanjing
    YAN Qingqian, YANG Sheng, ZHANG Jing, LI Chunye
    2021, 30(1): 24-27. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.006
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    Objective To obtainthe baseline data of the gross α and gross β radioactivity levels in environmental samples and foods by the monitoring and analyzing the radioactivity levels in drinking water, aerosols and commercial foods in Nanjing City.Methods 15 types of samples, including water source, produced water, aerosol, chicken, pork, stalk vegetable, root vegetable, fresh milk, leafy vegetable, flour, fruits, rice, tea, fish and crab were collected. After pretreatment, LB4008 four-channel low background α and β measuring instrument was used to measure the gross α and gross β radioactivity concentrations.Results The gross α and gross β activity concentrations of source water and produced water in Nanjing from 2016 to 2019 were lower than the national limits. The gross α and gross β activity concentrations in the source water were significantly higher than those of the produced water (P < 0.05). The mean activity concentration range of gross α and gross β in aerosol were 0.16～0.98 mBq/m3 and 0.14～2.15 mBq/m3 from 2016 to 2019, and with no statistical difference in difference samples (P > 0.05). The gross α and gross β activity concentration range of foods were 0.10～17.00 Bq/kg and 22.20～187.20 Bq/kg, of which the gross α and gross β activity concentration in tea were significantly higher than that of other kinds of foods (P < 0.05).Conclusion The radioactivity level in drinking water, atmospheric aerosols and foods in Nanjing were not contaminated by radioactive substances, and the gross α and gross β were relatively stable.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Study on the contents of 210Po in food and estimation of the internal irradiation dose of residents
    LIU Qingyun, GAO Peng, DU Juan, GONG Zengyan
    2021, 30(1): 28-33. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.007
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    Objective To investigate radioactive nuclide 210Po content in the diet of residents and internal irradiation dose caused by them.Methods The major food distribution market is selected, more than 50 kinds of food samples such as meat, vegetables, fruits, aquatic products, cereals, milk are collected, the combined method ofwet ashingand metal deposition is used to measure 210Po content of food samples, and analysis of monitoring data and estimationof irradiationexposure dose of residents caused by 210Po and their relative contribution are made.Results In the food samples, the specific activity of 210Po was 8.34 mBq/kg· fresh～16.9 Bq/kg· fresh, and the content of 210Po in hairtail was higher, its value was16.9 Bq/kg· fresh, which was higher than other freshwater fish. According to the data, the annual intake of residents was 108 Bq/person, and the annual effective dose of adult caused by 210Po was 129 μSv/a.The relatively large contribution were from flour (15.2%), eggs (22.0%), aquatic products (17.1%) and vegetable oil (18.1%).Conclusion The annual intake of 210Po for residents is lower than the current limit for adults of which the value is 2 200 Bq.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Application of portable γ-ray spectrometer in monitoring thyroid 131I in radiation workers
    PENG Xuan, ZHANG Jianfeng, TUO Fei, YANG Baolu
    2021, 30(1): 34-37,43. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.008
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    Objective To apply InSpector 1000 portable γ spectrometer and its corresponding supporting software to the monitoring of thyroid 131I activity of radiation workers, and to estimate the internal radiation dose of medical staff in nuclear medicine department.Methods The spectrometer was calibrated and taken to participate in the 2018 thyroid radioactive iodine intercomparison program initiated by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in the United States to ensure the accuracy of the measurement; the spectrometer was used to measure 131I activity ofthe radiation workers of the nuclear medicine departments of two grade-A tertiary hospitals in Beijing and Jinan to verify the feasibility of the method.Results The InSpector 1000 portable γ spectrometer was qualified for international intercomparison. Measurement results from the grade-A tertiary hospital in Beijing showed that the thyroid 131I activity of each of 10 radiation workers was below the detection limit (33.30 Bq). Measurement results from the grade-A tertiary hospital in Jinan showed that the thyroid 131I activities of the 4 radiation workers were 64.05 Bq, 160.77 Bq, 416.67 Bq, below the detection limit (35.18 Bq) respectively, and of 3 of the 4 subjects 131I was detected in the thyroid, and their corresponding thyroid accumulative organ doses were 0.70 μSv, 1.77 μSv, and 4.58 μSv, respectively.Conclusion InSpector 1000 portable γ spectrometer has a strong feasibility for thyroid 131I monitoring of radiation workers in nuclear medicine. The spectrometer has a good application prospect in the field of radiation monitoring, and can play an important role in the field of radiation protection and nuclear emergency detection.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Angular dependence of the optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter
    WANG Qi, YUAN Jilong, GUO Zhaohui, CHENG Jinsheng
    2021, 30(1): 38-43. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.009
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    0bjective To study the angular dependence of optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD) with solid phantoms under SSDL radiation level 60Co radiation field, and to discuss the possibility of OSLD in volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and other rotating irradiation dose audit.Methods OSLDs were embedded in the two phantoms with the same size and material, respectively. The phantom 1 was set to make the first OSLD perpendicular to the beam, and the phantom 2 was set to make the second OSLD parallel to the beam. The OSLDs were irradiated at 8 angles: 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, −45°, −90, −135°. The counts of the OSLSs were read and the response of each angle which normalized to 0° were calculated.Results When the OSLDs are perpendicular to the beam, the angular response is between −6.76% ～ +1.5%, with the maximum angular dependence at 90° and −90°. When the OSLDs are parallel to the beam, the angular response is between −1.74%～+1.67%, below 2%.Conclusion It is better to correct the sensitivity of dosimeters by Element Correction Factors (ECF) for dose audit. Under the condition of rotating irradiation, OSLD shoud be set parallel to the beam, which can better reduce the influence of angular dependence and facilitate further application research of VMAT dose audit.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Investigation on radiation level in certain coal mines in Xinjiang and dose analysis of employees
    XU Huiping, LI Jun
    2021, 30(1): 44-47. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.010
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    Objective To understand the distribution of associated radioactivity, though investigating and analyzing the level of environmental radioactivity in certain coal mines in Xinjiang, and estimate the effective dose received by the workers.Methods Taking coal mining activities in a certain area of Xinjiang Province as the object of the study, the environmental radioactivity level in the mining process was obtained through on-site measurement and sampling analysis, and the exposure dose of the workers in the coal mining process was evaluated accordingly.Results The radiation dose rate and radon concentration in the underground environment of most coal mines in this area are high. The content of radionuclides in gangue of each coal mine is less than 1 Bq/g, the content of radionuclides in most coal samples is less than 1 Bq/g, and the total α and β in the gusher water of each coal mine are lower than the discharge limits of the sewage discharge standards. The radon concentration level in coal mines is an important factor affecting the radiation exposure of workers.Conclusion Through the investigation of this project, the radioactive level of coal resources stored underground in a certain area is understood，which provides an objective basis for the management and planning of existing coal mines in this area, and provides technical support for the management of exploitation and utilization of mineral resources in China.
    • Radiation Security/Original Articles
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    Psychological first aid during severe nuclear power plant accident
    CHEN Huifang, SUN Quanfu, YUAN Long, FU Ximing, LEI Cuiping
    2021, 30(1): 48-52,68. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.011
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    The past three severe nuclear power plant accidents showed that the social psychological impact on the public is the most serious consequence of severe nuclear power plant accidents. When a severe nuclear power plant accident occurs, individuals / groups in the affected area may experience various stress reactions. Timely and effective psychological first-aid can help the victims to survive the crisis effectively and actively respond to the current life. Referring to the World Health Organization guide psychological first aid: guide for field workerand other national guidance, this paper introduces how emergency rescue personnel carry out emergency psychological assistance in case of severe nuclear accident.
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    Example and consideration on airborne monitoring of radiation environment in nuclear accidents
    FANG Jiangqi, YANG Jinzheng, AN Zhengwei, WANG Yongjun
    2021, 30(1): 53-58. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.012
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    Being fast, efficient and widely-covered, airborne monitoring of radiation environment is an irreplaceable technical means in nuclear accident emergency monitoring. To introduce radiation monitoring actions in nuclear accidents at Chernobyl in the Soviet Union in 1986, Three Mile Island in America in 1979 and Fukushima in Japan in 2011. Airborne monitoring of radiation environment plays an important role in radiation contamination area confirmation, radiation environment survey and technical supply to related national department. Therefore, it is an important part of nuclear emergency response. It is suggested to carry out research on new equipment technology for airborne monitoring of nuclear emergency in an orderly manner; to study the analysis and decision of airborne monitoring for nuclear accident emergency; effectively respond to nuclear accidents, to carry out the detailed survey of radiation environment around nuclear facilities throughout the country.
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    Radiation level analysis of some non-medical institutions in Hangzhou
    ZHAO Zhixin, WANG Qiang, CAO Chengjian, YANG Yong, WANG Haihua, ZHAI Hezheng
    2021, 30(1): 59-62. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.013
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    Objective The purpose of this study is to grasp the current situation of radiation protection in some non-medical institutions in Hangzhou, and to provide basis and reference for the relevant authorities departments to make the radioactive hazard factors monitoring plan for non-medical institutions.Methods The configuration of the personnel protective equipment and radiation level of radiation sources and radiation devices in 5 non-medical monitoring institutions in Hangzhou were investigated and analyzed by means of questionnaire survey and on-site detection.Results The radiation workers of 5 monitoring institutions have carried out personal dose monitoring, and their annual individual dose equivalent meets the requirements of relevant national standards. The ambient dose equivalent rates around the radiation source and radiation device room are lower than the minimum detection limit of the instrument. When the source is stored, the maximum ambient dose equivalent rates at 5 cm and 100 cm away from the external surface of the source container were 22.2 μSv/h and 2.0 μSv/h, respectively. When the source is in use, the maximum ambient dose equivalent rates at 5 cm and 100 cm away from the external surface of the source container were 44.3 μSv/h and 5.0 μSv/h, respectively.Conclusion Under normal operation, the radiation dose level of some non-medical monitoring institutions in Hangzhou is at a low level, while the ambient dose equivalent rates around the external surface of the source container is at a high level. Therefore, non-medical institutions should improve their awareness of radiation protection and strengthen radiation management.
    • Radiation Environment/Original Articles
  • Radiation Environment/Original Articles
    Preliminary study on inversion model of radioactive release source terms
    ZHANG Liang, SONG Weijie
    2021, 30(1): 63-68. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.014
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    Objective Based on the monitoring data, Gaussian plume model and optimization algorithm, the inversion model of radioactive release source term was preliminarily studied.Methods By comparing the application conditions and performance of several optimization algorithms, the accuracy of source term inversion results of different algorithms under the same conditions was compared and verified.Results The preliminary study of radioactive release source term inversion model shows that it is feasible to use the least square method to optimize the inversion model based on Gaussian plume. The accuracy of the optimized model is 0.92 times of the measured value for flat terrain, and 1.5 times of the measured value for complex terrain, whose error is relatively large because of the limitation of the model itself.Conclusion The results show that the optimized source term inversion model based on Gaussian plume and least square method can better meet the needs of nuclear accident consequence assessment and emergency decision-making in terms of computational performance and accuracy.
    • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Preliminary study on radiation safety management of Gas Dynamic Trap based D-T fusion volumetric neutron source
    ZOU Jingting, WANG Zhen, CHEN Chao, ZENG Qiusun, CHEN Zhibin
    2021, 30(1): 69-72,77. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.015
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    The fusion neutron source based on Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT) device has the advantages of high neutron flux, large testing space and low construction cost, so it is an ideal solution for high-flux fusion volumetric neutron source. As a new type of radioactive facility, how to carry out radiation safety management under the current nuclear safety regulatory laws and regulations in China is an important issue that must be addressed before the construction of this facility. In this paper, the radiation safety characteristics of GDT fusion neutron source was analyzed and the main radiation terms of GDT fusion neutron source were expounded. Combined with the existing nuclear safety regulatory laws and regulations in China, the key points of radiation protection and safety management in the process of construction and application of GDT fusion neutron source were put forward. It is recommended that the GDT neutron source should be managed as a class I radiological device. Prior to operation, radiation safety permit and nuclear material permit should be obtained, and special attention should be paid to the safety protection of radioactive tritium. This study will pay the way for the radiation safety management of the international high flux fusion neutron source ALIANCE project, and also provide the reference for the related nuclear and radiation safety management departments in China.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Discussion on the method to confirm the testing ability of radiological health technical service institutions
    JIA Tianjiao, YAO Zhu, ZHANG Wei
    2021, 30(1): 73-77. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.016
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    In this paper, the notice of "Opinions of the State Administration for Market Regulation on further promoting the reform of qualification accreditation of inspection and testing institutions" (No. 206 [2019] which issued on October 25, 2019 has aroused our reflection to concern the development trend of qualification accreditation of radiological health technical service institutions. In order to adapt to the changes under the new situation and avoid the risks of technical review that may be faced in the qualification accreditation of radiation health technical service institutions in the future and to discussed the ways that radiological health technical service institutions can be used to confirm the testing ability in the qualification certification process.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Standard interpretation of radiological protection requirements for the production places of rare earths
    LI Xiaoliang, HOU Changsong, LEI Shujie, SUN Quanfu
    2021, 30(1): 78-80. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.017
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    Chinese national standard GBZ139—2019 Radiological Protection Requirements for the Production Places of Rare Earths was published to replace GBZ 139—2002 Radiological Protection standards for the production places of rare-earth elements and implemented from April 1, 2020. Herein, background on which the new standard was based, the main modifications and the foundations were explained. More specific requirements for the production places of rare earths were stipulated in the new standard, which will play an important role in occupational health protection of the workers engaged in the mining, mineral processing and smelting of rare earths.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Analysis of radioactive occupational hazard evaluation results of some medical institution construction in Tianjin
    CHEN Xue, LIU Qingfen, YIN Chen, WEI Chao, GAO Jie, ZHAI Hezheng, LI Song, YU Chengcheng, ZHANG Wenyi, WU Quan
    2021, 30(1): 81-84,90. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.018
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    Objective To evaluate the current status of radioactive occupational hazards in the construction of some medical institutions in Tianjin, discover existingproblems and deficiencies, and provide a technical basis for radiation protection management.Methods Based on the requirements of relevant regulations and standards, we comprehensivelyevaluated the results of the pre-evaluation and control effect evaluation of 81 radioactive occupational hazards in Tianjin.Results Among the 35 proposed protective measures for pre-evaluation of radiation occupational hazards constructionprojects, the lowest compliance rate is warning signs and personal protective equipment. Among the 46 construction projects of radioactive occupational hazard control evaluation, the pass rate of protective measures was between 73.9% and 100%, with the lowest pass rate for personal protective equipment. Besides, the pass rate of radiation protectionmanagement evaluation was 95.7% ～ 100%, with the lowest pass rate for the protection management system.The initial inspectionpass rateof the equipment quality control acceptancewas 98.6%, while the pass rate was 97.1% for the relevant workplace radiation protection during the initial inspection.Conclusion The pre-evaluation completion rate of radiological occupational hazard evaluation in Tianjin medical institution construction project, unilateral and area of construction room, workplace layout and zoning, ventilation, shielding measures, personal dose management and occupational health inspection all meet the requirements of regulations and standards. However, there are still some deficiencies in the personal protective equipment, warning signs and the radiation protection management system. Therefore, the regulatory department should further strengthen the evaluation of medical institutions, especially the key supervision and management of non-conformities.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Status and analysis of the capabilities of the provincial level radiological health technical institutions in China from 2014 to 2018
    YAO Zhu, JIA Tianjiao, ZHANG Wei
    2021, 30(1): 85-90. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.019
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    Objective To fully grasp the professional technical capabilities of provincial level radiological health technical institutions, and so as to provide the basis for giving full play to the role of provincial level radiological health technical institutions, exploring and planning the development direction of radiological health technical institutions in China.Methods From September to December, 2019, National Institute for Radiological Protection, China CDC issued questionnaires to 37 provincial level radiological health technical institutions. The basic situation of department setting, number and composition of professional and technical personnel, equipment and radiological health work of the institutions that undertake radiological health related responsibilities were investigated, summarized and analyzed.Results Thirty-seven provincial level institutions participated in this survey, including 24 centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 11 institutions for Occupational Disease Control and Prevention, and 2 other institutions related to radiological health.Most of the institutions were qualified for radiological health related testing or evaluation; Thirty institutions had set up independent radiological health departments. There were 627 people engaged in radiological health professional and technical work, 83.4% of whom were officially on the staffs, and 16.6% are contract staffs.The distribution of gender, age, qualifications, professional title and working years in the radiological health was relatively reasonable, but only 25.8% of the staffs had the radiological education background. From 2014 to 2018, the number of radiological health professional and technical personals inflows and outflows was 164 and 65, respectively. Each institution undertakes 14.6 radiological health responsibilities in average. The annual workload of provincial level institutions was large, but there were relatively few laboratories and instruments for radionuclide measurement and internal radiation measurement.Conclusion The provincial level radiological health technical institutions still need to strengthen the capability building and make up the short board, play the leading and guiding role in provincial regions, so as to promote the further development of the national radiological health work.
    • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Simulation on the bragg peak distribution based on SRIM in proton therapy
    TIAN Lixia, FANG Bingbing, ZHU Guanghao, DU Zhen
    2021, 30(1): 91-93,122. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.020
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    Objective To discuss the distribution characteristics of the Bragg peak in proton therapy using the SRIM code.Methods Based on the SRIM code, the transport processes of a high-energy proton beam injecting into different materials (H2O, C2H6O、C8H8、Al and Fe)with incident energies of 50 MeV～250 MeV have been simulated and analyzed. And the relationship between the incident energies, different materials and thickness, and the depth of the Bragg peak was also discussed when the protons injected into different materials and compared with the simulation results of professional Monte Carlo code, such as Fluka 2011 and MCNPX.Results The simulation results indicate that the depths of the Bragg peak increase gradually and the peaks broaden with the increase of incident proton energies for different materials; The ratio of the depth of the Bragg peak in different materials to that in water under the same incident energy changes little and is approximately a constant which doesn’t depend on the proton incident energy. A good consistency was found between the results and those obtained using Fluka and MCNPX programs.Conclusion The simulation accuracy of the SRIM on the proton beam transport is acceptable, and is suitable for the beginning learners.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Effect of cavity under Bolus to shallow dose calculation precision of anisotropic analytical algorithm
    KONG Dong, WEI Xianding, HUI Lin, KONG Xudong, ZHAO Yutian, YANG Bo
    2021, 30(1): 94-98. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.021
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    Objective To research the effect of cavity under Bolus to anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) on calculation precision of dose in shallow tissue based on Monte Carlo method;Methods A 30 cm×30 cm×30 cm water phantom with the upper surface was constructed which was located at the source-axis distance (SAD) of the medical linear accelerator and the center as well as coincided with the central axis of the radiation field in Eclipse treatment panning system. Above the water phantom, a water film of 1 cm thick with or without different cavities was constructed or. AAA was used to calculate the dose distribution on the central axis and the x-axis of different depth of the water model with different cavities respectively. The accelerator model, the same water phantom and the water film were constructed and the dose distributions of the same positions were calculated with Geant4. Based on the Geant4 calculation result, the calculation precision of AAA with different cavity were compared;Results For cavities with area of 2 cm×2 cm, if the thickness is smaller than 0.5 cm, the AAA calculation error is about 2%. with the cavity thickness increase, the AAA would overestimate the dose in the shallow area under the cavity. With the cavity area increase, the area where AAA overestimate the shallow dose gradually moved out until near the edge of the radiation field, and the calculation error on the central area gradually reduced until there is basically no error.Conclusions The shallow dose would be increased according to the cavity size when planning with AAA; If there are cavities with large volume, it is better to reposition.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Application on different contrast media concentration in the pancreatic CT angiography scanning
    LI Zhiwei, ZHANG Wanjun
    2021, 30(1): 99-102. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.022
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    Objective To compare the effects of the different contrast media concentration on the visualization of pancreatic arteries using 64-Detector Spiral CT.Methods 120 cases who underwent abdominal enhancement CT scanning were randomly divided into group A (n = 60) and B (n = 60). The contrast media concentration was 300 mgI/ml for group A and 370 mgI/ml for group B respectively, both groups shared the same contrast media dose algorithm and injection speed, with 0.5 gI/kg body weight and 4 ml/s respectively. Reformating the pancreatic arteries via MIP (maximum intensity projection), VR (volume rendering) and MPR (multi-planar reconstruction).Results The CT value of the abdominal aortic celiac opening of group B is significantly higher than A (P < 0.01). The visualization scores of pancreatic arteriesin Group B are significantly higher than A (P < 0.05). The visualization ratios of pancreatic arteriesin Group Bare higher than A, the differences of AIPDA、PIPDA、DPA、TPA、PMA、CPA between the 2 Groups have statistically significant (P < 0.05).Conclusion Pancreatic arteries could have a better visualization by using 370 mgI/ml contrast media in pancreatic artery scanning.
    • Review Articles
  • Review Articles
    Harm of high LET radiation to the lens of the human eye
    DENG Zhiqiang, ZHANG Tangui, XIE Weimin, GAO Qi
    2021, 30(1): 103-109. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.023
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    The biological effects of ionising radiation vary according to its linear energy transfer (LET) density, with higher LET radiation having stronger biological effects than lower LET radiation at the same absorbed dose. Though we have done more research in the area of radiation effects on the ocular lens, we know little about the effects of high LET on the ocular lens. This article briefly describes the historical changes in the dose limits of the human ocular lens, investigates the epidemiology of high LET radiation eye lens, summarizes various biological experiments of high LET particles, and briefly analyzes the reasons for the high prevalence of cataracts in the plateau. It also discusses the factors that need to be considered in the future research on high LET, aiming to provide valuable information for the future research of high LET eye lens in China.
  • Review Articles
    Progress of mass spectrometry-based proteomics technology andits application of radiation
    XIANG Jiaqi, LIU Qingjie, WANG Chengfang, TIAN Mei
    2021, 30(1): 110-116. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.024
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    Proteomics was first proposed by Marc Wikins, et al in 1995. It refers to the investigation of all the proteins expressed in a set of genomes. With the development of mass spectrometry technology, it more and more extensively apply to the field of radiation. In particular, due to the widespread application of nuclear and radiation technologies has greatly increased, the probability of nuclear and radiation accidents, and the exposure of large-scale populations are increased. Therefore, simple, rapid, and high-throughput measurement of acute radiation exposure is necessary. The application of proteomics technology to study the molecular biological effects of radiation and the discovery of radiation biomarkers provide the possibility for rapid high-through put dose assessment. We reviewed the recent development of proteomics and its application in the field of radiation.
    • Expert Comments
  • Expert Comments
    Three nuclear power plant accidents in history and related public books
    LEI Cuiping, YUAN Long, SUN Quanfu
    2021, 30(1): 117-122. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.01.025
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    The peaceful use of nuclear energy has a history of nearly 80 years, and the development of nuclear energy in China has been actively and steadily promoted. Up to now, there have been three major nuclear power plant accidents in human history: Three Mile Island nuclear accident in the United States, Chernobyl nuclear accident in the former Soviet Union and Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan. However, the public in our country knows little about the three nuclear accidents. This paper introduces some books on the three nuclear accidents for the general public, which help the public understand the nuclear accidents from a non-professional point of view.