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    Medical Exposure/Original Articles
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Output dose investigation and analysis of external beam radiotherapy in Beijing
    FENG Zechen, MA Yongzhong, WANG Hongfang, SUN Yaru, ZHANG Zhibin, LOU Yun
    2021, 30(2): 123-128. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.001
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    Objective To study the output dose of external beam radiotherapy in Beijing and analyze the cause of output dose deviation. Guidance is given on the selection of measurement methods, calculation formulas and parameters.Methods During 2020, the output doses of medical electron accelerators, tomotherapy, cyberknife, and γ-knife were measured based on the water absorbed dose calibration factor combined with the requirements in the IAEA TRS398 and TRS483 reports, and low-energy X-rays were measured based on the air kerma calibration factor combined with the requirements in the AAPM protocal. The output dose was measured and compared with the preset irradiation value.Results A total of 59 external beam radiation therapy equipments’s output dose were investigated.2 of the 49 accelerators’s absolute value of relative deviation between the system indication value and the measurement exceeded 3%; the deviation of other external beam radiotherapy equipments was less than 3%.Conclusion A unified method and multi-party quality control can ensure the accuracy of the output dose. In the routine operation of the equipment, the hospital should strictly implement periodic inspections to ensure accurate and reliable radiotherapy.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Investigation on the current status of the allocation of radiological diagnosis and treatment resources in Linyi
    WANG Lishan, WANG Juncheng, LIN Lanfang, SUN Quanfu, SU Yinping, WANG Yan
    2021, 30(2): 129-132,137. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.002
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    Objective To understand the present state of radiological diagnosis and treatment resources allocation and to provide data support for the health administrative department to further optimize the allocation of resources in Linyi.Methods All hospitals which conducted radiological diagnosis and treatment in the city were surveyed. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software.Results There were 305 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions, with 943 sets of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Linyi. There were 0.89 sets of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment per 10000 people, and the average number of diagnostic and therapeutic equipment per institution in urban areas is 1.48 times that in county areas. There were 2208 radiological diagnosis and treatment staff in the city, and each hospital had 7.24 radiation staff, among which the number ofin tertiary, secondary, primary and unrated hospitals was 89.63, 17.64, 3.37 and 2.77, respectively.Conclusion The allocation of Diagnostic Radiology equipment is out of balance in Linyi, and the large-scale Diagnostic Radiology equipment is less and distributed centrally. The number of diagnostic and therapeutic radiographers per 10000 people is insufficient and unevenly distributed. Radiological diagnosis and treatment resources should be allocated scientifically to promote balanced development among regions and optimize the allocation of resources.
  • Medical Exposure/Original Articles
    Investigation and analysis on the status of radiological health technical service institutions in Hebei province
    SHEN Aiguo, YIN Junqing, DONG Zhenjun, FENG Dongying, DUAN Xingli, SHEN Lijun, LIU Guoqiang
    2021, 30(2): 133-137. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.003
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    Objective To further strengthen the management of radiological health technical service institutions, standardize their technical service behaviors, and explore the supervision countermeasures for radiological health and technical service institutions.Methods The radiological health technical service institutions status questionnaires s were designed to survey the basic situation, professionals and technical personnel, the equipment configuration, testing items and workload of service institutions.Results By the end of 2019, there were 23 radiological health technical service institutions in Hebei province, including 8 disease control and occupational prevention institutions (accounting for 34.8%) and 15 third-party institutions (accounting for 65.2%); The distribution of regional agencies were unbalanced; There were 223 professional and technical personnel, of which 29.6% were senior technical professionals, 29.6% were intermediate technical professionals and 40.8% were other professionals.58.8% had a bachelor's degree or above, and 41.2% had a college degree or below; The majors of professionals were relatively scattered, with only 6.44% of radiological health, 5.15% of physics-related majors, and 51.07% of medical-related majors. Other majors involve chemical pharmacy, environmental engineering, public relations planning, food, English, accounting and other majors.The professional technical responsible person had no part-time job;. The institution were totally equipped with 308 sets of radiation protection detectors and 172 sets of phantoms, basically in line with the configuration requirements; All quality control system documents such as quality management manuals, procedural documents, operating procedures, and work instructions have been established; All test items applied by laboratory measurement certification have passed;Conclusion The CDC institutions were gradually shrinking, the private institutions were gradually increasing and the nature of the institutions was gradually diversified.The allocation of regional resources was unbalanced.It is suggestedto strengthen the training on the theoretical basis and professional skills of professionals in testing and evaluation. Increasing on-site practical training is a more important and effective way.It is recommended to strengthen the training of basic-level health administrative departments and supervisory agencies and improvethe sense of responsibility of supervisors.
    • Radiation Health/Original Articles
  • Radiation Health/Original Articles
    Comparative analysis of some radiosensitivity index results of certain radiation workers in Chongqing from 2018 to 2019
    TAN Xiuhong, ZHANG Yan, WU Mengyun
    2021, 30(2): 138-142. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.004
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    objective This paper analyzes the physical examination results of blood routine, chromosome deformity rate, micronucleus rate and thyroid function test of some radiation workers in Chongqing from 2018 to 2019, understands the occupational problems of radiation workers, and provide scientific basis for putting forward reasonable suggestions method:Methods 2656 cases in 2018 and 2922 cases in 2019 were selected through the information platform of physical examination system. A total of 5578 physical examination results in two years were statistically analyzed and analyzed.Results The abnormal rate of blood routine, the detection rate and abnormal rate of chromosome distortion and micronucleus, and the abnormal rate of thyroid gland function (T3, T4, TSH) between the control group and the radiation group are significant differences (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in the abnormal rate of blood routine, thyroid function (T3, T4, TSH), chromosome teratosis rate, micronucleus detection rate and abnormal rate between radiation diagnosis and treatment and industrial flaw detection, but there was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of chromosome (P > 0.05). There was significant difference between < 10 year group and 10 ～20 year group, and there was significant difference in platelet, white blood cell and hemoglobin between 10 ～20 year group and 20 year group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical significance in erythrocyte difference (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the abnormal rate of thyroid function among the three working age segments (P < 0.05). The detection rate of chromosome distortion was significantly different between < 10 years group and 10 ～20 year group (P < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the other two groups (P > 0.05). There was significant difference in the abnormal rate between the two groups (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in pairwise comparison of micronucleus detection rate among groups (P > 0.05), but there was significant difference in abnormal rate among groups (P < 0.05).Conclusion The long-term low dose ionizing radiation environment will damage the hematopoietic and endocrine system of radiation sensitive human body.
  • Radiation Health/Original Articles
    Analysis of contraindication detection of radiation workers in a city during a five-year period
    DONG Xiang, JI Xiaoqing, WU Wei, CHEN Yunju, WEI Chunlong
    2021, 30(2): 143-147. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.005
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    Objective To analysis contraindication detection of radiological workers and explore thevariation trend.Methods Occupational health examination data of radiological workers were selected from 2014 to 2018. Contraindications were identified according to the criteria, and the detection rates and trends were described in each statistical dimension.Results A total of 17197 cases were selected. Among them 74 patients were found contraindication and the detection rate is 0.43%. The major abnormalities were in thyroid gland and crystalline lens; The detection rate of female is higher than that of male (χ2 = 25.24，P < 0.01); High age andhigh working age groups showed a higherrate of contraindication detection; The abnormal rate of contraindication increased with the age; The risk of > 30 working years group is 2.541 times that of 1 ～5 working years group (95%CI: 1.32 ～4.88). The abnormal rate of thyroid grand was increased year by year, and the trend test showed statistical significance (χ2 = 3.87，P < 0.05).Conclusion Low dose ionizing radiation has a great effect on thyroid gland and crystalline lens of radiation workers, whichhigh age and high working years group should be pay attention to. The contents of occupational health monitoring should be further regulated to safeguard the health of radiation workers so that we can discover the possible health effects and take intervention earlier.
    • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Study on the distribution characteristics of aerosol produced by powder dumping in glove box
    ZHOU Yanling, LUO Zhiping, BI Yuanjie, GUO Jinsen, WANG Huan
    2021, 30(2): 148-153,164. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.006
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    Objective To investigate the effects of particle size, wind speed and dumping velocity on aerosol concentration distribution during powder dumping in a reprocessing plant.Methods CeO2 powder was selected as the substitute material of PuO2. FLUENT software was used to calculate the pouring process of CeO2 powder under different operation conditions. Then the aerosol concentration distribution under different dumping speeds was measured by particle size spectrometer to verify the accuracy of simulation results.Results The particles with small particle size are more likely to be separated from the mainstream area by the drag force of the surrounding gas, and the radius of the diffusion range also increases with the decrease of the particle size. 2) When the ventilation speed is less than 1 m/s, the dust lifting can be reduced and the concentration of dust particles in the chamber can be reduced to a certain extent. 3) In the process of powder dumping, the spoon is rotated anticlockwise at a speed of 100° in 2～3 s, and less dust aerosol is produced on the right side of the tray.Conclusion When operating the powder particles with smaller particle size, more attention should be paid to the monitoring of aerosol at different positions; the change of air inlet velocity makes the flow field in glove box more complex, and the volume fraction of dust particles is related to the size and location of vortex formed by airflow. The greater the wind speed, the greater the impact on the powder dumping process. The experimental results are basically consistent with the simulation results, and the results show that the lower the dumping speed, the smaller the aerosol concentration near the tray.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    The measurement method of gamma ray air absorbed dose rate based on LaBr3(Ce) detector
    CAO Qinjian, XIA Sanqiang, HE Meng, LLU Liye, XIAO Yunshi, LI Xiaodun, JIAO Yan
    2021, 30(2): 154-158. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.007
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    Objective Based on the lanthanum bromide scintillator detector, the calculation method of G(E) function was developed to measure the air absorbed dose rate.Methods Firstly, the gamma energy spectrumof the lanthanum bromide detector were simulated and the response functions with different energies were determined with Monte Carlo simulation method. Then, the G(E) function was calculated by the least square method. Finally, the air absorbed dose rate measured by the lanthanum bromide detector using G(E) function conversion method was compared with the theoretical calculation value based on the point source experiments.Results The experimental verification results showed that the relative deviation between thecalculated value with G(E) function and the theoretical calculation value wasmostly controlled within ±6%, which verified the accuracy of G(E) function.Conclusion The results showed that the method of G(E) function could be applied to calculate the gamma radiation dose rate based on the in-situ the gamma spectrum with LaBr3 detector.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Comparative analysis of air absorbed dose rate with different gamma radiation dose rate instrument
    CAO Longsheng, DIN Xun, YANG Yang, ZENG Lei, HU Chenjian, LVU Anbiao, LIAO Yuhang
    2021, 30(2): 159-164. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.008
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    Objective In order to test and improve the monitoring technical level and ability of radiation environmental monitoring network in Zhejiang Province, ensure the accuracy and reliability of monitoring data and information, and obtain the cosmic ray response values of instruments and equipment in this year. Methods In September 2018，an intercomparison meeting of environmental gamma radiation air absorbed dose rate within the radiation environmental monitoring network of Zhejiang province was held in Ningbo，which was organized by Zhejiang Province Radiation Environmental Monitoring Center.A total of 33 sets of instruments from 15 member units participated in the intercomparison measurements at 5 environmental measuring points, and the comparison results were evaluated by the Z score values. Results It was found that the |Z| of all measurement results were less than or equal to 2, and the evaluation results were satisfactory and acceptable. Conclusion The measured data of scintillation counters have relatively wider dispersion，and the high pressure ionization chambers have bigger response valuetocosmic ray. The measurement results of the two kinds of instruments keep a good linearity except for the measurement points of cosmic ray response.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Preliminary study of fogging process for fixing high-concentration radioactive aerosol 131I contamination in a radiopharmaceutica production unit
    GAO Shuai, QIAO Haitao, ZHANG Jing, HU Pei, SHUAI Hongpeng, YIN Huilong, MA Bingwen
    2021, 30(2): 165-167. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.009
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    Objective To prove the feasibility of a Fogging Process in fixing high-concentration radioactive aerosol 131I contamination.Methods High-concentration radioactive aerosol 131I contamination in an 131I-operating glovebox for radiopharmaceutical production was disposed by using fogging and fixing process. The aerosol 131I concentrations were detected and the results were analyzed.Results After a 120 minutes fixing, the 131I contamination in this glovebox reduced from(289 ±9) DAC and (304 ±6) DAC to (21.7 ±2.0) DAC and (26.2 ±1.8) DAC. After a 180 minutes fixing, the 131I contamination in this glovebox reduced from (259 ±10) DAC to (1.80 ±0.18) DAC. These results showed that no aerosol 131I contamination was raised again after 24-hours finishing this task.Conclusion Aerosol 131I concentration in a limited space could be controlled by using a fogging and fixing process, which could reduce the risk of internal exposure of staff. This process could be used by radiopharmaceutical production as an emergency management for dispose high-concentration radioactive aerosol 131I contamination.
  • Radiation Monitoring/Original Articles
    Study on the radiation device of 241Am-Be neutron source and its dosimetric properties
    TANG Xiaohao, HONG Bo, FAN Shengnan, CAO Lei, LAN Changlin, PAN Xiaodong
    2021, 30(2): 168-172. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.010
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    Objective To design and build a set of experimental equipment for neutron radiation irradiation by using the 241Am-Be neutron source.Methods In the preliminary work, the spatial distribution data of the neutron energy spectrum and the gamma energy spectrum inside and outside the device were simulated by Monte Carlo method, and the changes of radiation fluence rate with spatial distribution was studied. The model of the 241Am-Be neutron device was established, and the neutron transport process in the irradiation field was studied using the method of shadow cone, inverse square law and other data analysis methods.Results Based on the simulation results, the normalized effective does of fast neutron fluence at the measurement point is about 72.9 pSv/n, and the one of photon fluence is about 3.04 pSv/γ. The ratio of effective dose of photon fluence to neuteon is about 4.17%.Conclusion Using Monte Carlo method, a standard model of 241Am-Be neutron source was constructed, the shadow cone design was optimized, and the feasibility of using the shadow cone conversion method to establish a standard neutron source radiation device was discussed.
    • Radiation Environment/Original Articles
  • Radiation Environment/Original Articles
    Building management and effect evaluation of high radon in geothermal field
    ZHANG Qingzhao, CUI Hongxing, SHANG Bing, WU Yunyun
    2021, 30(2): 173-176. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.011
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    Objective To explore the source and control of radon in high radon houses in geothermal fields; Methods Radon concentration in indoor and soil was measured by ATD detector in winter and summer; radionuclides in building materials were measured by gamma-ray spectrometry; radionuclides dose rates of building materials were measured by 6150 A D/ 6H X-γ ray detector; and radon reduction technology was applied to one of the houses;Results The average radon concentrations in 32 rooms were （106.4 ±63.7） Bq/m3 (summer) and （421.3 ±138.2） Bq/m3 (winter), and the concentrations in 12.5% (summer) and 96.9% (winter) of the rooms exceed 150 Bq/m3. The average radon concentration in soil around buildings was 12890 Bq/m3 (n = 24), which is 1.7 times of the typical soil radon concentration in Beijing (7600 Bq/m3). After soil decompression, the radon concentration in the house could be reduced to less than 100 Bq/m3. The radon reduction rates of active decompression and passive decompression were 94.6% and 71.4%, respectively.Conclusion The effect of soil decompression on reducing radon concentration in the bottom rooms is obvious. Attention should be paid to the radon in residential environment of geothermal field.
    • Radiation Security/Original Articles
  • Radiation Security/Original Articles
    An investigation of abnormal personal doses of external exposure
    ZHANG Fangdi, YANG Ming
    2021, 30(2): 177-179,184. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.012
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    Objective A case of abnormal personal doses of external exposure was reported in this paper. According to the investigation of the dose rates of the radiation sources and the workplace, the actualdose was estimated correctly.Methods The radiation level of storage containers at work site was measured by BH3103A portable X and γ radiation dosimeter. The thermoluminescence personal dosimeter was placed in the work site for a month, then it was measured with the RGD3 dosimeter to estimate the dose rateat the work site. The actual personal dose of external exposure was calculated based on the dose rateand the effective working time of the staff in the field.Results The location with highest dose rate was the empty containers which had been filled with raw materials. The second was a container filled with ingredients. The dose rate on the surface of empty container is generally higher than that of full container. The time weighted method was used to calculate the possible dose which was 2.32 mSv for this position.Conclusion The personal dose measured by the personal dosimeter was found to be erroneous, and it should be recorded with the revised dose of 2.32 mSv.
    • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Analysis on testing items and standards in radiological health technical service
    YAO Zhu, JIA Tianjiao, ZHANG Wei
    2021, 30(2): 180-184. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.013
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    To provide a reference for the application and scientific management of radiological health service testing standards, we systematically analyzed the current status of the testing items and standards in the testing of radiological health service agencies, discussed the deficiency in the update, improvement and standard framework of radiological health service testing standards and the role of radiological health service testing.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Practice and experience of standardized management of radiation hygiene in medical institutions
    WANG Xiaofang, MIAO Quan, ZHAO Haijun, LI Shaoyin, LI Ning
    2021, 30(2): 185-188. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.014
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    More than 90% of artificial irradiation comes from medical irradiation. New radiation technologies are constantly emerging in the medical field, bringing benefits to patients. At the same time, the harm of medical irradiation has attracted more and more attention. There are many problems in the supervision and management of radiation health in medical institutions, such as many standards and specifications involved in radiation health in medical institutions, uneven professional ability of personnel in primary health supervision institutions, inadequate implementation of the main responsibility for the safety of radiation diagnosis and treatment in medical and health institutions, and non-standard service of radiation health technical service institutions, etc. In view of the above problems, the implementation plan of standardization of radiation health supervision, radiation diagnosis and treatment behavior, and radiation technical service behavior has been set. After the pilot operation, the effect is obvious.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Considerations and strategies for problems in environmental protection acceptance of the nuclear technology utilization project
    WANG Pei, MENG Yuan, SUN Na, WANG Rongsuo
    2021, 30(2): 189-193. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.015
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    The Nuclear Technology Utilization Project is an integral part accompanied by radiation construction project.It is also the focus of daily supervision and management of nuclear and radiation safety supervision and management department. The environmental protection acceptance of its environmental protection facilities, radiation safety protection facilities and measures is the last link of the whole process management of the nuclear technology utilization project. Doing a good acceptance work has twice the result with half the effort for the following radiation safety management. According to the relevant national laws and regulations and the relevant regulations and requirements of the industry administrative department, we sort out the problems found in daily radiation environment safety supervision and acceptance practice, analyze the possible causes, and put forward the corresponding countermeasures.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Research and suggestion on the plan of environmental radioactivity level investigation
    XU Mingfa, NI Huaixin, XIANG Huiyun, HE Yena, ZHENG Huangting, ZHANG Wei, LIN Chen
    2021, 30(2): 194-200. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.016
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    The investigation of environmental radioactivity level is an important basic work of ecological environment protection. It can provide basic data and scientific basis for the evaluation of radioactive environment quality and the formulation of radiation safety regulations and standards. Based on many years of practical experience of environmental radioactivity level investigation, combined with relevant regulations and standards, this paper summarizes the common investigation methods in the investigation and research of environmental radioactivity level at home and abroad, summarizes a set of environmental radioactivity level investigation scheme with strong applicability, and gives detailed suggestions on the ideas, methods, technical routes and other key points of the investigation scheme. The research results of this paper can provide a reference for the preparation of environmental radioactive level investigation scheme.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Discussion on establishment and management of national health emergency team for nuclear radiation emergency
    CHEN Huifang, YUAN Long, FU Ximing, LEI Cuiping
    2021, 30(2): 201-204. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.017
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    Objective To study the personnel composition, task, equipment and management of the national health emergency teams for radiological or nuclear emergency.Methods According to the responsibility and task division of the health emergency team for nuclear radiation emergencies, the national medical rescue team for nuclear radiation health emergency was established and equipped, and the management work such as training and exercise was carried out based on the potential scenario during a nuclear or radiological emergency.Results The national health emergency team for radiological or nuclear emergency was composed of professionals in the fields of radiation protection and monitoring, medical treatment, internal and external contamination treatment, food and drinking water testing, management personnel and logistics support personnel. Training and exercises is an important means to determine whether the technical capability and the equipment of the team are reasonable.Conclusion Standardized equipment and management of the emergency teamscouldensure the rapid response and efficient implementation of nuclear radiation health emergency work in all kinds of natural disasters and public health emergencies.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Study on radiation safety supervision countermeasures of nuclear technology utilization in Sichuan province
    DENG Xiaoqin, LI Chunyang, YANG Yongqin, CHEN Li, WANG Yangyang
    2021, 30(2): 205-208,219. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.018
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    This review summarizes the basic situation and characteristics of nuclear technology utilization and radiation safety supervision in Sichuan Province, analyzed the main problems of radiation safety supervision, put forward the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions, and provided reference for improving the radiation safety supervision ability of the whole province.
  • Supervision and Management/Original Articles
    Discussion on the compilation of instructions for the preparation of health standards
    JU Jinxin, XUE Ru, CHEN Erdong
    2021, 30(2): 209-213. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.019
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    According to the requirements of the instructions for the preparation of health standards of Regulations on The Drafting And Review of Health Standards, the drafting and matters needing attention of each part of instructions for the preparation of health standards were analyzed and discussed, and the suggestions on instructions for the preparation of health standards were put forward, so as to provide references for the compilation of instructions for the preparation of health standards.Instructions for the preparation of health standards should fully reflect the whole process of standard compilation and be consistent with the standard text. The compilation of each part should be detailed and appropriate. In order to analyze the relationship with relevant domestic documents and other standards, existing documents and standards should be listed as comprehensively as possible. According to the different adoption of standards and different requirements, the comparative analysis with international standards should be discussed. The basis of main technical contents should be mainly discussed, and the basis for determining technical indicators should be fully detailed and clear. Attention should be paid to the compilation of instructions for the preparation of health standards, which should be treated as standard text and play an important role in instructions for the preparation of health standards.
    • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Study on hemodynamics of high altitude polycythemia by 3D-ASL combined with CT cerebral perfusion
    HU Junjie, SUN Yanqiu, WANG Haiyang, REN Yanli, YANG Guoren
    2021, 30(2): 214-219. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.020
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    Objective To investigate the changes of CT cerebral perfusion (CTP) and the application value of nuclear magnetic resonance proton spin labeling (3D-ASL) and to conduct a comparative study.Methods Multi-slice spiral CT(MDCT) was used to study the changes of CTP in 22 patients with HAPC. Comparison of CT whole-brain perfusion technique and nuclear magnetic resonance proton spin labeling technique (3D-ASL) in hemodynamic changes of the brain in plateau polycythemia.Results With the aggravation of HAPC, CBF of cerebral cortex and white matter showed a downward trend. Except the white matter of frontal lobe and temporal lobe, the difference of HAPC among different diseases was statistically significant (P < 0.05). Along with the aggravation of, each part of the brain cortex and white matter CBV increase, white matter, and each part CBV difference had statistical significance between different condition (P < 0.05). With the aggravation of the disease, the MTT of cortex and white matter in all parts of the brain increased significantly, and the difference of MTT between different parts of the disease was statistically significant (P < 0.05). HAPC patients along with the aggravation of different level, rCBF is reduced, in addition to the parietal cortex, temporal and occipital white matter, white matter rCBF differences between different parts of different condition have statistical significance (P < 0.05). ROC curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic value of CTP and ASL. The two curves were close to each other, and CTP was slightly better than ASL.Conclusion With the progression of HAPC, cerebral blood flow decreased, blood volume increased, and average blood flow time prolonged in patients with different degrees of HAPC. CTP and ASL had similar effects, and the former had slightly better value.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    The clinical curative effect analysis of interventional therapy for fibroid
    ZHENG Bo, ZHANG Xinyi
    2021, 30(2): 220-223,228. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.021
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    Objective To explore the clinical curative effect of interventional treatment of fibroids, evaluate its clinical application effect and provide a reference for future clinical treatment.Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 29 fibroid cases who admitted in our hospital from March 2016 to March 2019. All patients were performed X-ray guided uterine artery embolization (UAE). The study observed and recorded the volume of uterine and fibroid, menstruation, hormone levels, the post-operative complications etc. before and after the treatment.Results Patients were reexamined once every three months after the treatment, three times in a row. It was found that the patients’ postoperative uterine volume and fibroid volume were significantly smaller than preoperative volume (P < 0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. The postoperative menstrual cycle, menstruation, menstruation time were significantly improved (P < 0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. The postoperative LH, E2, FSH levels had no significant change (P > 0.05), and the difference was not statistically significant. There were two abdominal pain cases, one hematoma case and one vomite case during the postoperative observation period. These symptoms disappeared after the symptomatic treatment, and no serious symptoms such as high fever and pelvic infection occurred.Conclusion Interventional therapy of fibroids can effectively reduce the size of fibroids, significantly improve the quality of life of patients, with small damage, rapid recovery, preservation of the uterus and other advantages, which is worthy of further clinical application and promotion.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Dosimetric study of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with different gantry angle for lumbar spinal metastases
    LIU Rujia, ZHONG Zhipeng, JIAO Yang, ZHANG Weipeng, LI Yunqiu, CHEN Ying
    2021, 30(2): 224-228. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.022
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    Objective To compare the dose difference of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) with different gantry angle between target volumes and surrounding normal tissues in lumbar spinal metastases therapy.Methods Ten patients with lumbar spinal metastases were enrolled in the study. Three plans with the same prescription dose of 3000 cGy/10f were designed by seven-equal beams (plan-A), five-back beams (plan-B) and seven-back beams (plan-C). All the plans were designed with the same objective function and dose limiting condition. The difference of dosimetric parameters of planning target volume (PTV), organ at risk (OAR), normal tissues, and treatment parameters in all the plans were compared with SPSS 21.0 statistical software.Results All the plans satisfied the clinical requirement. There was no significant difference in the Dmean, D2%, D98%, CI and HI of PTV between plan-A and plan-C (P >0.05), and these parameters of plan-A and plan-C were better than plan-B (P < 0.05). Compared with the other two plans, plan-B reduced the dosimetric parameters of bilateral kidney (P < 0.05), whereas plan-B increased the Dmax of spinal cord (P < 0.05). The V5 and V10 of normal tissue of plan-B were lower than the other two plans while the V15, V20 and V25 showed inverse relationship (P < 0.05). plan-B had certain advantages in shortening the monitor units and treatment time (P < 0.05)..Conclusions The seven-equal beams (plan-A) and seven-back beams (plan-C) IMRT plans can provide better target dose distribution, and reduce the Dmax of spinal cord. Five-back beams (plan-B) IMRT plan had certain advantages in protecting bilateral kidney and shortening treatment time.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Clinical study of using constant temperature vaginal mould to prevent radiation vaginal stenosis in patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy
    JIANG Song, DU Aonan, YANG Tingting, WU Shan, LIANG Ximin, LIU Yazhou
    2021, 30(2): 229-232. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.023
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    Objective to investigate the clinical effect of constant temperature vaginal mould in preventing vaginal stricture in patients with cervical cancer treated with radiotherapy.Methods from January 2017 to December 2018, 80 patients with cervical cancer were selected and divided into vaginal irrigation control group (n = 40) and observation group (n = 40). The incidence of vaginal stricture was compared between the two groups.Results the incidence of vaginal stenosis was 32.50% in the observation group and 70.00% in the control group (P < 0.05).Conclusion vaginal mould is helpful to reduce the incidence of vaginal stenosis caused by external irradiation and close irradiation, which is worth popularizing in the future.
  • Diagnosis and Treatment/Original Articles
    Correlation between biochemical parameters and 99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT imaging in patients with hyperparathyropathy
    ZHANG Man, DU Chunling, LI Kun, WANG Lulu, LI Rui, SONG Jian, LI Wen
    2021, 30(2): 233-237. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.024
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    Objective To explored the correlation between levels of serum calcium, phosphorus PTH and 99Tcm -MIBI in patients with hyperparathyropathy as well as to find cut off valve of serum calcium, phosphorus and PTH.Methods A total of 234 patients with hyperparathyroidism that confirmed by operation and pathology were collected from September 2017 to September 2019.Results The median PTH levels in PHPT group and SHPT group were 210.93 (122.60～529.20) pg/ml and 1842.50 (1342.50～2345.00) pg/ml, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (Z = - 10.83, P = 0.000). SHPT group was significantly higher than that in PHPT group. The median of Ca level of PHPT group and SHPT group was 2.86 (2.65～3.15) mmol/L and 2.43 (2.32～2.58) mmol/L, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (Z = -7.52, P = 0.000). The level of Ca in PHPT group was significantly higher than that in SHPT group. The median of P level in PHPT group and SHPT group was 0.80 (0.64～1.03) mmol/L and 2.26 (1.97～2.63) mmol/L respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (Z = - 10.15, P = 0.000), and the PHPT group was significantly lower than the SHPT group. The age, gender, PTH and Ca and P value were taken as independent variables, and the results of MIBI imaging were used as dependent for logistic regression analysis. After screening, the influencing factor of PHPT group was PTH value (OR: 1.012, 95% CI: 1.002～1.023), and correlation analysis showed that r = 0.60 (P = 0.000). No related factors were found in SHPT group. ROC curves of 99Tcm-MIBI imaging results in PHPT group were drawn, corresponding to the areas under the maximum curve of 0.91, and the calculated cutoff value was 113.1 pg/mL. simple scatter plot of Ca value, P value and PTH value was drawn in PHPT group and SHPT group, and correlation analysis was performed. In PHPT group, Ca value and PTH value had moderate correlation (r = 0.64, P = 0.000), P value and PTH value had low correlation (r = - 0.28, P = 0.032); in SHPT group: Ca value and PTH value had low correlation (r = 0.17, P = 0.03), P value and PTH value had no correlation (P = 0.15).Conclusion The serum PTH level of PHPT was moderately correlated with MIBI imaging results. The higher the serum PTH level, the higher the positive rate of MIBI imaging, and the corresponding cutoff value of MIBI imaging was 113.1 pg/mL. There was a moderate correlation between serum Ca level and serum PTH level in PHPT, while in SHPT group low correlation between serum Ca level and serum PTH level.
    • Expert Comments
  • Expert Comments
    The sources of radiation
    WANG Maozhi, LIU Senlin
    2021, 30(2): 238-243. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2021.02.025
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    For ordinary people, when it comes to nuclear, radiation occurs to their mind, for fear of nuclear. In fact, radiation is almost everywhere. More than 80 percent of our exposure is from natural sources and only less than 20 percent is human made-mainly from radiation applications used in medicine. The dose we absorb from natural background radiation is about 2.4 mSv per year.