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  • Original Articles
    Protective effects of lead collars on the thyroid in radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery
    CHEN Xuemei, JIANG Xiaobo, CHEN Fuqiang, WU Jiawei, CAI Weixun, ZHOU Meijuan
    2022, 31(1): 1-5,12. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.001
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    Objective To investigate the protective effects of different types of lead collars on the thyroid during radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery. Methods Forty breast cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery were randomly divided into four groups to wear different lead collars for thyroid protection: control group (0 mm Pb), common material group (0.5 mm Pb), common material group (2 mm Pb), and new radiation-shielding material group (2 mm Pb). Radiation doses inside and outside lead collars were monitored. A questionnaire survey was conducted to acquire information on patient acceptance of the lead collars. Results All the groups (except the control group) showed significant differences between scattered radiation doses inside and outside lead collars (P < 0.05). The scattered radiation was attenuated by 33.64% on average in the 2-mm new material group, which was significantly higher than in the other groups (P < 0.05). After radiotherapy, there was no significant change in the color and appearance of skin under lead collars in any group. All the patients were normal at the first thyroid ultrasound re-examination. The 2-mm new material lead collar was the most acceptable. Conclusion The lead collar made of the new radiation-shielding material has a good protective effect on the thyroid gland, and is easily accepted by patients, which can be promoted for application.
  • Original Articles
    Application of sourceless efficiency calibration in activity measurement of gas source in Marinelli beaker
    WANG Shuo, YANG Baolu, ZHOU Qiang, LI Zeshu, LI Wenhong, ZHANG Jing, TUO Fei
    2022, 31(1): 6-12. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.002
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    Objective To optimize the Marinelli beaker with the simulation of Laboratory Sourceless Object Calibration Software (LabSOCS), to investigate the detection efficiency of HPGe detector in measuring noble gas, and to provide a reference for the measurement and optimization of noble gas effluent from nuclear power plants. Methods LabSOCS was used to establish a Marinelli beaker model to investigate the relationship of gamma ray detection efficiency of noble gas with gas components, gas density, size and volume of the Marinelli beaker, and the shape of source container. Results The gas components had little effect on the detection efficiency of the noble gas in the Marinelli beaker. The gas density had a relatively great effect on the detection efficiency of low-energy gamma ray. The Marinelli beaker of appropriate height and radius enabled the HPGe detector to get better measurement results. For the BE5030 HPGe detector, the highest detection efficiency of the Marinelli beakers of different volumes were observed at the location where the radius/height ratio was 0.7, and the optimal values of height and radius were given for the Marinelli beakers of different volumes. Conclusion Choosing Marinelli beaker of the appropriate size can improve the detection efficiency of noble gas in the effluent from nuclear power plants.
  • Original Articles
    An analysis of the abnormal results of individual dose monitoring for radiation workers in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China, 2015-2019
    LI Chunfu, TIAN Qingxiang, ZHANG Lei, WANG Kai
    2022, 31(1): 13-16. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.003
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    Objective To analyze the abnormal results of individual dose monitoring for radiation workers in Tongzhou District, Beijing, China, and to propose corresponding improvement measures. Methods Questionnaires were used to investigate the radiation workers who had abnormal dose monitoring results. Results In 2015—2019, among the 12 595 individual dose monitoring results for radiation workers in Tongzhou District, 23 were abnormal. The main type of work with abnormal monitoring results was medical diagnostic radiographer (69.60%). A total of 17 (73.90%) radiation workers had an exposure dose ranging from 1.25 mSv to 5 mSv. Conclusion The abnormal dose results were all from non-occupational exposure, mainly due to the dosimeter left in the workplace. The key to solving the problem is to further strengthen the education and training for radiation workers, to improve the institutional radiation protection management, and to supervise and inspect the relevant work strictly.
  • Original Articles
    Gross α and gross β radioactivity of environmental samples in Wuxi, China, 2014—2019
    ZENG Yanan, ZHU Xiaoming, YAO Yuyang, LI Qinghua
    2022, 31(1): 17-22. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.004
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    Objective To study gross α and gross β radioactivity in environmental samples in Wuxi, China, and perfect the radioactivity data, and to discover possible radioactive contamination in time. Methods The BH1227 low-background α and β measuring instrument was used to determine gross α and gross β radioactivity in sedimentary dust, aerosol, drinking water, and food samples in Wuxi. Results Among environmental samples collected in Wuxi, 2014—2019, the mean gross α and gross β radioactivity levels were 0.01～5.98 Bq/kg and 9.47～547.86 Bq/kg in food samples, respectively, 1.2～22 mBq/L and 0.1～141 mBq/L in water samples, respectively, 39～44790 mBq/m3 and 743.1～101500 mBq/m3 in sedimentary dust samples, respectively, and 50～1125 μBq/m3 and 38～9510 μBq/m3 in aerosol samples, respectively. Conclusion We should strengthen radioactivity monitoring of environmental samples in Wuxi through increasing the scope and frequency of monitoring, to perfect baseline radioactivity data of Wuxi.
  • Original Articles
    Quality control and protection test and analysis of some radiodiagnostic equipment in Gansu Province, China
    WANG Yun, WU Jialong, ZHANG Hanyu, WANG Jie, YANG Haiyan
    2022, 31(1): 23-26,32. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.005
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    Objective To test and evaluate the protection and quality control status of some radiodiagnostic equipment in Gansu Province, China, and to strengthen the quality control and protection of radiodiagnostic equipment in hospitals. Methods A total of 72 medical institutions involving 203 sets of radiodiagnostic equipment and workplaces were selected to carry out the quality control and protection test according to relevant national standards. Results The qualified rate for the quality control test of the 203 sets of radiodiagnostic equipment was 92.1%, and that of the workplaces was 100%. Conclusion The results basically reflect the quality control and protection status of radiodiagnostic equipment in Gansu Province, indicating that regular inspection and timely debugging is very important.
  • Original Articles
    An investigation and analysis of the status of radiological diagnosis and treatment resource allocation in Nanjing, China, 2020
    ZHANG Jing, YAN Qingqian, YANG Sheng
    2022, 31(1): 27-32. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.006
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    Objective To analyze and master the allocation and distribution of radiological diagnosis and treatment resources in Nanjing, China, and to provide a basis for the health administrative departments to reasonably plan and allocate the radiological diagnosis and treatment resources in the whole city. Methods A general survey using the questionnaire on general information of radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions was conducted to investigate the amount and type of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment and number of radiation workers in medical institutions in the whole city. Results There were totally 347 radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions at all levels involving 3999 radiation workers and 1342 sets of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Nanjing. In urban radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions, there were 2798 (69.99%) radiation workers and 842 (62.74%) sets of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment, more than those in the suburbs (1201 and 500 sets). There were 27 (7.78%) tertiary radiological diagnosis and treatment institutions, with 629 (46.87%) sets of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment, which was more than those in the primary (287), secondary (189), and ungraded (237) medical institutions. There were 158 sets of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment and 470 radiation workers per million people in Nanjing. Conclusion The distribution of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in Nanjing is uneven between urban and suburban areas and between various levels of medical institutions. The government and health administrative departments need to enhance the macroscopic readjustment and control, thus promoting the reasonable allocation of medical resources.
  • Original Articles
    Expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein in radiation-induced lung injury model
    NIU Shiying, CONG Changsheng, SUN Meili, JIANG Yifan, YANG Tong, WANG Zhaopeng, ZHANG Yueying
    2022, 31(1): 33-38,46. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.007
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    Objective To investigate the changes in the expression of cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRBP) in a radiation-induced lung injury model. Methods Thirty male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided by body weight into control group (no intervention) and model group (single chest X-ray irradiation with a dose of 20 Gy to build a radiation-induced lung injury model). The mice were dissected five weeks after irradiation. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathological changes of the lung tissue and the deposition of collagen fibers. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure the expression of the inflammatory factors interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the lung tissue. qRT-PCR was used to measure the expression of CIRBP mRNA in the lung tissue. The expression of CIRBP protein in the lung tissue was determined by the immunofluorescence assay and Western blot. Results Compared with the control group, the model group showed significant pulmonary vascular congestion, significant inflammatory cell infiltration, significant thickening of some alveolar septa, significantly increased IL-6 expression [(129.41 ±5.58) vs (187.22 ±34.77), t = 3.179, P < 0.05], significantly increased TNF-α expression [(137.52 ±23.53) vs (187.02 ±19.16), t = 5.069, P < 0.05], significantly increased CIRBP mRNA expression [(1 ±0.08) vs (1.97 ±0.39), t = 3.45, P < 0.05], and significantly increased CIRBP protein expression [(9.32 ±1.26) vs (14.76 ±1.61), t = 3.751, P < 0.05], by the immunofluorescence assay; [(1.13 ±0.17) vs (1.49 ±0.14), t = 2.819, P < 0.05], by Western blot). Conclusion The expression of CIRBP is significantly increased in the radiation-induced lung injury model, which may be an important pro-inflammatory factor in radiation-induced lung injury.
  • Original Articles
    Cellular endocytosis and exocytosis of soluble uranium and its damage to HK-2 cells
    HUANG Liqun, ZHOU Wenhua, LI Shufang, WANG Zhipeng, QIN Xiujun, LI Jianguo, WANG Zhongwen
    2022, 31(1): 39-46. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.008
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    Objective To investigate the endocytosis and exocytosis of soluble uranium in human kidney proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cells and the cytotoxicity after uranium exposure. Methods Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to determine the cell viability after different concentrations of uranium exposure, and optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the changes in cells after uranium exposure. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to monitor the endocytosis and exocytosis of uranium over time by cells. Flow cytometry was used to assess the changes in cell cycle and apoptosis after uranium exposure. Results After uranium exposure, HK-2 cells showed dose-dependent damage; cell cycle was arrested in G1 phase; cell apoptosis and necrosis occurred; cell proliferation was inhibited. The content of endocytic uranium increased gradually within 24 h, and there was a threshold for uranium endocytosis, while the fraction of uranium binding to cell surface was low (< 0.2%). Over 40% of the endocytic uranium would be exocytosed within 1 h. Uranium could form needle-like precipitates in both intracellular and extracellular areas after uranium exposure. Conclusion After uranium exposure, cells show decreased viability, cell cycle arrest, and cell apoptosis. The process of endocytosis and exocytosis of soluble uranium is very rapid. HK-2 cells can convert soluble uranium into non-toxic precipitates.
  • Original Articles
    Tracking and evaluation of the application of the occupational health standard (GBZ/T 220.2—2009) among radiological professionals
    NI Yang, ZHANG Jimian, NIU Zhen, LIU Chunxu, LIU Yan
    2022, 31(1): 47-51,57. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.009
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    Objective To investigate the actual situation and problems faced by radiological professionals in implementing The Specification of Radiological Protection Assessment for Occupational Hazard in Construction Project Part 2: Radiotherapy Facility (GBZ/T 220.2—2009). Methods A questionnaire survey was performed on radiological professionals who were selected, using the multi-stage stratified sampling method, from those who had participated in the assessment for occupational hazard in the construction project of radiotherapy facility from seven provinces and cities in China. A descriptive statistical analysis was used to analyze the general information and the awareness, promotion, and implementation of the standard of the participants. The chi-squared test was used to compare the data of different regions. Results A total of 173 radiological professionals from seven provinces and cities were investigated. They had a relatively high awareness rate (98.8%) of the standard, but a relatively low training and promotion rate (65.3%) of the standard. There were no significant differences in the awareness rate and the training and promotion rate between different regions (χ2 = 2.743, P = 0.602; χ2 = 5.584, P = 0.061). The use frequency of the standard was relatively low among the radiological professionals, and 64.9% of them thought that it was necessary to revise the standard, especially to further refine the scope of application, key technical indicators such as assessment methods, and radiological protection management regulations. Conclusion The training and promotion of the standard should be strengthened among radiological professionals. Some key technical indicators in the standard should be clarified and refined.
  • Original Articles
    Effects of bolus thickness and use frequency on skin dose in postmastectomy intensity-modulated radiotherapy
    WU Zhe, PANG Ya, MING Zhi, LIU Ke, WANG Dong
    2022, 31(1): 52-57. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.010
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    Objective To investigate the effects of bolus thickness and use frequency on skin dose in postmastectomy intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 20 cases receiving postmastectomy fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy, to analyze the homogeneity index (HI) and conformity index (CI) of the target volume and the skin dose (Dmax, Dmean, and Dmin) of radiotherapy plans with 0.5 cm-thick bolus or 1 cm-thick bolus alone at a use frequency of 5 F, 10 F, 15 F, 20 F, and 25 F versus a combination of 0.5 cm and 1 cm-thick bolus, and fit the relationship between skin dose and bolus use frequency. Results As the bolus use frequency increased, the skin dose increased, the hot spot of the target volume decreased, and the low-dose volume decreased. The HI of the target volume with the 1 cm bolus was better than that with the 0.5 cm bolus at all use frequencies (P < 0.05), and HI decreased with the increase of bolus use frequency. For both 0.5 cm and 1 cm bolus, the CI of the target volume increased initially and then decreased, reaching the maximum value at a frequency of around 15 F; the CI showed significant differences only at 20 F and 25 F between the two types of bolus (P < 0.05). The skin Dmax and Dmean were significant higher with the 0.5 cm bolus than with the 1 cm bolus (P < 0.05). The equation for the relationship between skin dose (D) and bolus use frequency (F) was D = A×F + B×F2 + C. The Dmax and HI with the combination of 0.5 cm bolus (6 F) plus 1 cm bolus (8 F) fell between those with the 0.5 cm bolus (15 F) and those with the 1 cm bolus (15 F) (P < 0.05). Conclusion In postmastectomy fixed-field intensity-modulated radiotherapy, skin dose can be calculated based on bolus use frequency. Mixed use of bolus may be more suitable than use of 0.5 cm bolus or 1 cm bolus alone.
  • Original Articles
    An investigation of current application status of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment in medical institutions in Shijiazhuang, China, 2019
    ZHANG Yuanyuan, WANG Youcheng, ZHANG Weijia, MENG Yuejie, LI Xiaopeng, LIU Yong, NIU Qingguo
    2022, 31(1): 58-63. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.011
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    Objective To investigate the application of radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment and distribution of medical radiation levels in medical institutions at various levels in Shijiazhuang, China in 2019, and to lay a sound foundation for further radiation protection and management. Methods A universally designed questionnaire was used to investigate and compile data on the level of the sampled hospitals, the number of radiation workers, equipment information, the number of outpatients and emergency patients, the number of inpatients, and the frequency of radiological diagnosis and treatment; the application frequency of each radiological diagnosis and treatment item was calculated based on the demographic data of Shijiazhuang. Results In Shijiazhuang, there were 390 medical institutions (excluding dental clinics) certified for radiological diagnosis and treatment, with a total of 4262 radiation workers and 1215 radiological diagnosis and treatment devices; 1.11 radiological diagnosis and treatment devices were available per 10 000 people, and 3.89 radiation workers were available per 10 000 people. The number of annual outpatients and emergency patients was 30 208 471, the number of inpatients was 1 981 295, and the total number of people or times receiving radiological diagnosis and treatment was 5 987 230. The application frequency of medical radiation was 546.70 persons/times per 1000 people, with the highest frequency for X-ray diagnosis (534.63 persons/times per 1000 people), followed by diagnosis and treatment with nuclear medicine (6.16 persons/times per 1000 people), and the lowest frequency for radiotherapy (1.17 persons/times per 1000 people). In terms of regional distribution, the highest frequency of medical radiation fell in Yuhua District (1602.97 persons/times per 1000 people), and the lowest frequency fell in Shenze County (203.21 persons/times per 1000 people). Conclusion The development of medical radiation is imbalanced in Shijiazhuang, with high-quality medical resources concentrated mainly in the main urban area, thus resulting in long-term overworking of hospital staff and equipment in some areas. The government and health administration departments should strengthen macro-control and the rational allocation of medical resources; medical institutions at various levels should rationally use radiological diagnosis and treatment equipment, strengthen judgments on the justness of radiation, and strengthen the training of radiation workers on protection knowledge and radiation protection optimization.
  • Original Articles
    An investigation of hospitalization management and radiation protection in 131I treatment for thyroid cancer
    CHEN Chunhui, JIA Ru, CHEN Biao
    2022, 31(1): 64-69. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.012
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    Objective To investigate the status and problems of hospitalization management and radiation protection in 131I treatment for thyroid cancer, and to provide suggestions for medical institutions to implement relevant standards. Methods We investigated the status of radiation protection and management in 10 medical institutions conducting 131I treatment for thyroid cancer (6 in Shanghai, 2 in Zhejiang Province, and 2 in Jiangsu Province, China) by consulting written materials, expert interviews, and on-site inspection and testing. Results The average activity of 131I therapy for thyroid cancer in the 10 medical institutions was 110~120 mCi (4.07~4.44 GBq). All patients who received the treatment were hospitalized, with a stay of 3~7 days. Seven institutions carried out 131I dispensing, 6 of which used automatic 131I dispensing instruments. Nine institutions had an independent ventilation system in the wards, 8 of which regularly changed the filters. All the 10 institutions set special toilets and shower rooms in the wards, and had shielding facilities between sickbeds, with the lead equivalent from 0.5 mm Pb (lowest) to 10 mm Pb (highest). All the 10 institutions had intercom and monitoring facilities in the wards, 9 of which had a one-way access control system, and 4 of which had dose monitoring equipment. Nine institutions carried out surface pollution monitoring in the workplace, but none performed air pollution testing. All the 10 institutions required the radioactivity in the body of patients be less than 400 MBq before discharge, and five of them estimated the activity by measuring the dose rate at a certain distance from the body surface of patients. All the 10 institutions had radioactive sewage decay ponds, but none of them conducted regular monitoring. Rapid on-site surface pollution testing in the wards showed that highest value was 31.9 Bq/cm2. Conclusion The 10 medical institutions carried out 131I treatment for thyroid cancer basically according to the requirements of national laws, regulations, and standards, but there are still some problems in ward construction, radiation protection facilities, and patient hospitalization management, which should be further standardized.
  • Original Articles
    Improvement and application of radiation work permit software in nuclear power plants
    PAN Tongjin, LI Zhonghua, CHEN Hao
    2022, 31(1): 70-73. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.013
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    Objective To improve the efficiency of radiation work preparation, promote the comprehensive and whole-process control of radiation risk, strengthen the accumulation of experience feedback data, and improve the timeliness of approval. Methods According to the application of radiation work permits in Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant and other nuclear power plants, the radiation work permit software in Tianwan Nuclear Power Plant was improved in terms of work order connection, examination and approval process integration, approval of radiation work at different levels, unification of level classification standard, radiation risk database establishment and maintenance, and closed loop management and mobile approval of radiation work permit. Results A radiation work permit software for nuclear power plant was developed according to the requirement of radiation risk control. Conclusion The radiation work permit software effectively improves the radiation work regarding work preparation efficiency, risk control, experience feedback data accumulation, and timeliness of approval. Subsequently, information transmission efficiency and experience sharing can be improved through connection and communication with other software in nuclear power plants.
  • Original Articles
    A recommendation on minimization of wastes from natural uranium purification and conversion
    WU Junde, XU Lechang, NIU Jie, ZHANG Xueli
    2022, 31(1): 74-78,84. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.014
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    In the process of natural uranium purification and conversion, low-level uranium-containing radioactive wastes will be produced. On the basis of introducing the characteristics of wastes from natural uranium purification and conversion and their treatment, we review the main strategies and good practices of minimization of wastes from natural uranium purification and conversion, analyze the main problems in minimization of wastes from natural uranium purification and conversion in China, and propose corresponding improvement measures, which provides a reference for the implementation and management of minimization of wastes from natural uranium purification and conversion.
  • Original Articles
    Standardization of preparation and implementation of radiological emergency exercises
    WANG Ruiying, YANG Duanjie, LI Wenting, GUO Cai
    2022, 31(1): 79-84. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.015
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    Based on the relevant guidelines published by the International Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic China, this article summarizes the process of conducting a comprehensive radiological emergency exercise by reviewing the achievements and experience of radiological emergency exercises in various provinces of China since 2014. In addition, based on the actual combat requirements of the exercises, this article details the technical requirements and standard methods of exercise planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation, so as to provide a reference for conducting radiological emergency exercises.
  • Original Articles
    Development and verification of the atmospheric dispersion model in microscale range for radioactive pollution
    XU Huiping, CHENG Weiya
    2022, 31(1): 85-92. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.016
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    Because of the complex buildings, the wind flow and the pollution diffusion will be affected in the microscale such as urban neighborhood or the site of facility, the straight Gaussian plume model will not be available. Based on the Reynolds-Averaged Naiver-Stokes(RANS) method which was used to calculate the wind field with the Lagrange particle random walking model, the radioactive pollution diffusion model and microscale radiation environmental impact assessment software system were developed. This system can be used in the factory or city streets and other similar conditions for simulating radioactive pollutants diffusion behavior. The development of the system will provide technical tools for the microscale radiation environmental impact assessment in the future.
    • Review Articles
  • Review Articles
    Research progress in estimation and monitoring of individual exposure dose based on mobile phones
    WANG Kaiyi, GUO Wen, TUO Fei
    2022, 31(1): 93-98,112. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.017
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    In case of accidental exposure, a rapid assessment of radiation dose is of great significance for taking timely countermeasures. Finding an alternative portable emergency dosimeter is crucial for people who have been exposed to accidental radiation but are not equipped with a personal dosimeter. In addition, the real-time monitoring of radiation dose level in the normal environment can meet the needs of the public to know their health status in time. Thus, the portability and intelligence of mobile phones attract researchers to carry out related work. This article reviews the research progress in individual exposure dose estimation and monitoring based on mobile phones.
  • Review Articles
    Research progress in health effects of long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation
    CHEN Paihan, CHEN Huifeng, ZOU Jianming
    2022, 31(1): 99-104. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.018
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    With the development of nuclear energy and the wide application of ionizing radiation, more and more occupational populations and the public are exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation. Consequently, the research on human health effects of exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation, including carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic effects, have become a hot topic in the field of public health. The biological effects caused by low-dose ionizing radiation mainly depend on the physical property, duration, dose, and dose rate of ionizing radiation. At present, there is no consensus on the effects of long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation on human health. This article reviews the research on the health effects of long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation at home and abroad, and provides a scientific basis for research on the health effects, influence mechanism, and protection strategies of long-term exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation.
  • Review Articles
    Environmental and health effects of nuclear wastewater —Something beyond Fukushima nuclear wastewater discharge
    CHEN Haiyan, YANG Chunyu, XU Rui, LIU Yulong, CAO Yi
    2022, 31(1): 105-112. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.019
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    In April 2021, the Japanese government decided to discharge nuclear wastewater from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant into the sea, which aroused widespread concern all over the world. The radioactive substances in nuclear wastewater may affect the environment through the action of ocean circulation, groundwater or carbon cycle. In addition, it may expose people to the health effects of low-dose but long-term pollution once nuclear wastewater is discharged into the sea. Based on this, this paper discusses the possible global environmental impact of nuclear wastewater from a general perspective and illustrates its possible health effects as well as potential mental health problems from an individual perspective, and puts forward some suggestions on the issue of Fukushima nuclear wastewater discharge.
  • Review Articles
    Research progress in biological effects of low-dose radiation
    WEI Xinfeng, WANG Rui, YI Junxuan, WANG Mingwei, JIN Shunzi
    2022, 31(1): 113-118,128. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.020
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    The biological effects of low-dose radiation (LDR) are still a research hotspot in the field of radiobiology. As research deepens on LDR-induced biological effects and the mechanisms, growing evidence shows that LDR produces distinct biological effects from high-dose radiation, which questions the linear non-threshold model. This article reviews LDR-induced bystander effect, hormesis, adaptive response, and hyper-radiosensitivity, as well as the mechanisms, in order to provide a reference for the transformation of basic research on LDR-related biological effects to clinical application.
  • Review Articles
    Application of radiation-sensitive indicators in health monitoring of radiation workers in China
    DONG Juancong, CHENG Jiao, WANG Chao, DANG Xuhong
    2022, 31(1): 119-123. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.021
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    Health monitoring of radiation workers is an important part of the radiation protection system. Occupational health examination is very important for the safe use of nuclear energy technology. This article analyzes the detection results of radiation-sensitive indicators reported in the literature to investigate the health status of radiation workers and to provide a reference for the further study of sensitive indicators in health monitoring of radiation workers.
  • Review Articles
    A research review of mechanism and genetic susceptibility of lens opacity induced by low-dose ionizing radiation
    GAO Yu, SU Yinping, SUN Quanfu
    2022, 31(1): 124-128. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.022
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    The lens of the eye has been recognized as one of the most radiosensitive tissues. It has been known that a radiation dose of 0.5 Gy or higher can induce radiation cataract. Studies have also demonstrated that long-term exposure to low-dose radiation can increase the risk of lens opacity. However, the specific biologic mechanism of lens opacity induced by low-dose ionizing radiation is still unclear. Many mechanism chains may induce opacity independently or jointly, such as genomic damage in lens epithelial cells, oxidative stress, defects in intercellular communication, and inflammatory reaction, and genetic and epigenetic factors may also play a role. This paper briefly reviews the mechanisms of low-dose ionizing radiation inducing lens opacity as well as the role of genetic susceptibility in its development and progression, in order to provide a scientific reference for the prevention and control of this disease.
  • Review Articles
    Application of metabolomics technology in the study of ionizing radiation protection
    YU Chunmiao, YU Miaomiao, FU Jiaqi, GUO Lidong, LIAN Lian, YU Donghua
    2022, 31(1): 129-134. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.01.023
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    As an important method of systems biology, metabolomics not only plays an important role in life science but also has been increasingly widely used in radiation protection research. Based on the clinical studies of metabolomics and metabolomics methods in rodent and primate models, this article summarizes the methods and techniques of metabolomics in the diagnosis of radiation damage, the study of radiation damage mechanisms, and the development of radiation protection drugs.