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  • Original Articles
    Role of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in alleviating alveolar cell senescence
    ZHAO Wenyue, LI Na, LI Kejun, DU Liqing, LIU Qiang
    2022, 31(3): 259-265. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.001
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    Objective To investigate whether the transplantation of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UC-MSCs) can alleviate radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis (RIPF) and attenuate intrapulmonary cellular senescence in mice with RIPF. Methods The C57BL/6 mice were unilaterally irradiated with 17 Gy in the right lung to construct RIPF models. UC-MSCs were injected into the caudal vein at 3 months after radiation, and samples were taken at 6 months. The survival rate of mice was recorded, and the lung organ ratio was calculated. Lung structure and collagen deposition were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining. The expression of senescence secretion-associated phenotype (SASP) was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Intrapulmonary cellular senescence was assessed by β-Gal immunohistochemistry. The expression of key proteins in the P53-P21 and P16 pathways was measured by Western blot. P21 expression in the lung was measured by tissue immunofluorescence. Results Compared with the untreated group, RIPF mice treated with UC-MSCs showed an improved survivalrate, reduced collagen deposition, and an improvement incollapse and thickening of alveolar structure. Increased β-Gal-positive senescent cells and high expression of SASP (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) in the lung of RIPF mice were all reduced after UC-MSC treatment. The abnormally increased levels of P53, p-P53, P21 and P16 proteins in RIPF mice were reduced by UC-MSC treatment. Conclusion UC-MSCs may reduce cellular senescence in fibrotic lungs and alleviate RIPF by inhibiting P53-P21 and P16 pathways, which is expected to be used for the treatment of radiation-induced lung injury.
  • Original Articles
    Fifth epidemiological investigation on tumor prevalence among medical X-ray workers in Chongqing, China
    WU Mengyun, WANG Jinhan, LI Kui, YE Cheng, LI Wei
    2022, 31(3): 266-272. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.002
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    Objective To provide scientific data for the study of tumor prevalence among medical X-ray workers. Methods In a cohort study, radiation exposure and tumor occurrence were collected from medical X-ray workers and normal persons (control) in Chongqing, China. SPSS 24 software was used to calculate the incidence density of tumor in the follow-up cohort, as well as the relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval of various malignant tumors. Results A total of 934 subjects were followed up. By the end of the investigation, 109 cases of malignant tumor were recorded. Compared with the control group, the RRs of liver cancer and colorectal cancer were both 3.4. Dose-specific RR was calculated for the worker groups. Compared with the two groups with < 80 mGy and 80～200 mGy cumulative doses, the group with > 200 mGy cumulative dose showed 2.05 and 2.1 RRs for solid cancer, and 1.89 and 2.17 RRs for whole cancer, respectively. Conclusion The risk of liver cancer and colorectal cancer is higher for medical X-ray workers in Chongqing, and the risk of solid cancer and whole cancer is higher in the high cumulative dose group. Therefore, radiation workers should pay attention to the optimization of protection.
  • Original Articles
    Influencing factors for micronucleus levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers
    MENG Qianqian, ZHANG Ruifeng, ZHANG Zhongxin, DONG Juancong, YUAN Yayi, WANG Chao, ZHANG Ting, DANG Xuhong
    2022, 31(3): 273-278. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.003
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    Objective To analyze the micronucleus levels of peripheral blood lymphocytes of medical radiation workers, and to provide a basis for radiation protection to reduce occupational hazards caused by ionizing radiation. Methods A total of 1072 medical radiation workers were selected into radiation group, and 329 healthy adults who underwent pre-employment occupational physical examination and intended to be radiation workers were selected into control group. The micronucleated lymphocyte frequency was determined by whole blood micro-culture. Results There were no significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between the radiation group and the control group (both P > 0.05). The detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities in the radiation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.001). Female radiation workers had significantly higher micronucleated cell frequency, micronucleus frequency, and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities than male radiation workers (all P < 0.001). Between different types of work, significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency (both P < 0.05), but not in the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P > 0.05). Radiation workers with different lengths of working showed significant differences in micronucleated cell frequency (P < 0.05), micronucleus frequency (P < 0.05), and the detection rate of micronucleus abnormalities (P < 0.001). Significant differences were observed in micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency between different age groups (both P < 0.05). The Spearman’s rank correlation analysis showed that micronucleated cell frequency and micronucleus frequency were positively correlated with the age of radiation workers (both P < 0.001). Conclusion The micronucleus frequency of radiation workers was related to the type and length of work, and had a positive correlation with age. Radiation protection should be enhanced for workers engaged in medical radiation for a long period, especially female workers and workers with a long length of service.
  • Original Articles
    Effect of HFRT and CFRT on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer
    LIU Yihan, YIN Haitao, ZHOU Yun, ZHOU Chong, REN Hongrong
    2022, 31(3): 279-283,295. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.004
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    Objective To investigate the effect of different fractionated radiotherapy of hypofractionated radiotherapy (HFRT) and conventional fractionated radiotherapy (CFRT) on peripheral blood lymphocytes in patients with breast cancer. Methods This retrospective analysis enrolled 40 patients with early breast cancer who underwent radiotherapy post breast conserving surgery in Xuzhou Central Hospital from November 2019 to August 2021. The patients were randomly divided into the observation group (HFRT, n = 20) and the control group (CFRT, n = 20). Changes in peripheral blood lymphocyte count (PLC) before and during radiotherapy were compared between the two groups. Results The baseline PLC was comparable between the observation group and the control group (1.53 ± 0.54 vs 1.64 ± 0.56, P > 0.05). In both groups, the PLC declined steadily during radiotherapy, and the incidence of lymphopenia in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (32.5% vs 50.0%, P > 0.05); the PLC nadir was higher in the observation group than in the control group (0.91 ± 0.28 vs 0.55 ± 0.22, P < 0.001). The ratio of the PLC nadir during treatment to baseline was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (0.64 ± 0.24 vs 0.38 ± 0.21, P < 0.05). Conclusion Patients with breast cancer receiving HFRT show a lower risk of radiation-induced lymphopenia versus those receiving CFRT.
  • Original Articles
    Status quo of radiation protection in some pet hospitals in Beijing-Tianjin Region, China
    LI Song, WU Quan, YIN Chen, ZHOU Wei, GAO Jie, ZHAI Hezheng, WEI Chao, CHEN Xue, YU Chengcheng, ZHANG Wenyi, LIU Qingfen
    2022, 31(3): 284-289. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.005
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    Objective To analyze the status quo and existing problems of radiation protection for veterinary X-ray facilitiesin Beijing-Tianjin region, China, and to provide a basis for improving radiation protection management level.Methods According to the requirements of the Technical guidelines for status quo assessment of occupational hazard of the employing unit (AQ/T 4270—2015), the study performed status quo assessment on the workplaces of veterinary X-ray facilities in 16 pet hospitals in Beijing-Tianjin region, and comprehensively analyzed the impact of the workplaces on the health of radiation workers and the public.Results In terms of personnel management, the pass rates of occupational health management post setting, personnel training, personal protective equipment, individual monitoring of occupational external exposure, notification of occupational hazards, and occupational health surveillance were 100%, 81.3%, 100%, 75%, 37.5%, and 25%, respectively. In terms of workplace management, most workplaces had reasonable layout and zoning and complete protection and emergency devices. However, there were some problems in some places, such as non-standard radiation warning signs, no notice board of occupational hazards, and no radiation protection testing. In terms of document management, all institutions had imperfect system documents.Conclusion The workplaces of veterinary X-ray facilities in 16 institutions basically meet the requirements for radiation protection, but there are also some problems, such as inadequate management of personnel and workplace radiation protection, and imperfect system documents. Institutions should strengthen the study of radiation protection knowledge. The competent authorities should strengthen supervision, formulate corresponding standards for radiation protection, enhance training, and improve the professional level of staff.
  • Original Articles
    Optimal recognition algorithm for solid nuclear track images based on morphology and machine learning
    ZHANG Ziyang, FAN Shengnan, LI Mengxue, ZHOU Wenshan, DENG Jun
    2022, 31(3): 290-295. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.006
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    Objective To propose a computer recognition algorithm for solid nuclear track images based on the machine learning method, and to realize the automatic, fast and accurate recognition of nuclear tracks and improve the efficiency of solid track image analysis. Methods Firstly, 143 images containing tracks were scanned by morphological method to determine the location of suspected tracks, and 1250 material images were captured. 50% of the material were selected as the training set and 30% as the validation set for training the machine learning model. Another 20% of the material were selected as the test set for testing the model recognition result. The algorithm code was written and trained based on the MATLAB software. Results The established solid track recognition algorithm had a strong recognition capability, and the recognition accuracy of the test set could reach 84.8%. The machine learning model program constructed by the algorithm could evolve continuously with the input of training data, further improving the accuracy. Conclusion Based on image morphology and machine learning, the track recognition algorithm was investigated, by which the automatic recognition of solid tracks was better realized. In the future, we will increase the data input of the model, optimize the algorithm, and improve the recognition accuracy, in order to provide a more accurate and efficient method for automatic image track recognition.
  • Original Articles
    Application of thermoluminescence dosimeter in environmental monitoring of nuclear power plant
    ZHANG Weizhu, LIN Shuqian, KONG Dujuan, LIAO Jianhua, HUANG Gengcheng, CHEN Ai
    2022, 31(3): 296-300,310. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.007
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    Objective To investigate the effect of gaseous effluent from the six generator sets on the radiation level of the surrounding terrestrial environment in Daya Bay Nuclear Power Base after the operation of Ling’ao Nuclear Power plant. Methods The radiation level in the peripheral environment of the Base was monitored using the thermoluminescence dosimeter （TLD）. Twenty-five monitoring sites were set around the Base to investigate the variation of radiation level over a long period of time by collecting the TLDs every three months. Results From 2011 to 2020, the annual γ dose rate of the 25 sites ranged from 76.7 to 207.1 nGy/h, with an average value of (123.3 ± 5.7) nGy/h and a relative deviation of 2%-12%. The TLD monitoring and instantaneous measuring results of γ dose rate were consistent with the survey of the State Environmental Protection Administration in the 20th century and the baseline level prior to the operation of the nuclear power plant. Conclusion There are great differences in natural environmental radiation level across the TLD monitoring sites. The overall environmental γ radiation level within 50 km of the nuclear power base remains unchanged. The emission of gaseous effluent from the operation of the nuclear power plant does not have a cumulative impact on the radiation level of surrounding environment.
  • Original Articles
    Personal dose monitoring results of 307 interventional radiology workers in Liaoning Province, China
    QIAO Baojun, ZHANG Ziyang, CHEN Zhongxing, SUN Lu, LI Lin, ZHANG Yu, CUI Yong
    2022, 31(3): 301-305. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.008
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    Objective To investigate the personal dose level of occupational external exposure among interventional radiology workers in Liaoning Province of China, and to provide a reference for better occupational radiation protection. Methods According to the national standard GBZ 128—2016 Specifications for individual monitoring of occupational external exposure, the thermoluminescence method was used to measure the monitoring dose inside the lead clothes (HW) and outside the lead clothes (HN) of interventional radiology workers, and the Mann-Whitney U test and the Kruskal-Wallis H test were used for statistical analysis. Results Dual dosimeter monitoring data were collected from 307 interventional radiology workers in Liaoning Province in 2019, with a mean annual effective dose of 0.81 mSv and a maximum annual effective dose of 7.03 mSv, and 72.96% of the workers monitored had an annual effective dose of less than 1 mSv. The interventional radiology workers in tertiary hospitals had a significantly higher mean annual effective dose than those in secondary hospitals (0.95 mSv vs 0.65 mSv, P < 0.05). There was a significant difference in mean annual effective dose between departments (P < 0.05), and the department of interventional radiology had a significantly higher mean annual effective dose than the other departments (0.92 mSv vs 0.64 mSv), while the department of cardiology had a similar mean annual effective dose to the cerebrovascular department (0.78 mSv vs 0.78 mSv). Conclusion The occupational exposure dose of 307 interventional radiology workers in Liaoning Province meets the requirements in national regulations and standards and is higher than the national level, which suggests that radiation protection supervision and personal training should be further strengthened for interventional radiology.
  • Original Articles
    Discovery and discussion of 7Be and another full-energy peak in water from 3D water phantom of a proton therapy system
    XU Jiaang, SU Jing, FU Qiang, SONG Gang, MIN Nan, WANG Xiaoshan, CHEN Yingmin
    2022, 31(3): 306-310. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.009
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    Objective To discuss 7Be and a 77.2 keV full-energy peak with short half-life found in the water sample from the 3D water phantom of a proton therapy system.Methods We measured the water sample from the 3D water phantom of a proton therapy system according to Determination of Radionuclides in Water by Gamma Spectrometry (GB/T 16140—2018).Results The activity concentration of 7Be in the water sample was 1.30 × 101 Bq·L?1 on December 24, 2018; 4.3 × 101 Bq·L?1 on March 22, 2019; and 1.41 × 101 Bq·L?1 at the time of sampling on December 19, 2018. On December 24, 2018, the net peak area of the 77.2 keV full-energy peak in the sample was 683 ± 45, and the measurement time was 26123.02 s; on March 22, 2019, the net peak area decreased to the background level of 194 ± 49, and the measurement time was 86400.00 s. Conclusion In the 3D water phantom of the proton therapy system, 7Be can be generated from the spallation reaction between high-energy neutrons and oxygen in water. In addition, we find a full-energy peak at 77.2 keV with short half-life. The activity concentration of 7Be in the water sample is lower than the exemption level, but the activity concentration at sampling may not be the maximum activity concentration in the process of quality control. The inductive radionuclide 7Be produced in the 3D water phantom should be identified and properly evaluated in the assessment of occupational radiation hazards of proton therapy system.
  • Original Articles
    Current health status of high-radon exposure miners in a typical non-uranium mine in Jiangxi Province, China
    CHEN Qingfeng, LIU Liying, WANG Jian, LI Fengyang, CAO Zhiming, LIU Yongquan
    2022, 31(3): 311-313,319. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.010
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    Objective To investigate the health status of high-radon exposure miners in a typical non-uranium mine in Jiangxi Province, China. Methods A general survey was conducted to investigate the basic situation and awareness rate of radon among underground miners aged ≥ 40 years, and the occupational health examination and low-dose lung computed tomography scan were carried out. Results The awareness rate of radon among miners working down the mine was only 3.70%. The peripheral blood lymphocyte chromosome aberration analysis showed an aberration rate of 0% per 100 cells. The peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus test showed an abnormal rate of 0.02‰. Ophthalmic examinations (slit-lamp examination of the lens, the vitreous body, the fundus) showed no abnormality. The abnormal rate of leukocyte count was 3.70%, and the detection rate of small lung nodules was 48.15%. Conclusion The high-radon exposure minors had a high detection rate of small lung nodules, and lack knowledge of radon. It is urgent to strengthen the publicity and education on the hazards of radon and the prevention and control of occupational diseases.
  • Original Articles
    Psychological crisis intervention for emergency rescue workers during major nuclear power plant accident
    CHEN Huifang, YUAN Long, LEI Cuiping
    2022, 31(3): 314-319. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.011
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    The nuclear accidents in Chernobyl and Fukushima had great impacts on the mental health of emergency rescue workers, who experienced a series of psychological problems shared by the accident victims. This paper analyzes the psychological symptoms suffered by emergency rescue workers in Chernobyl and Fukushima nuclear accidents, as well as the psychological crisis interventions for rescue personnel involved in major natural disasters and pandemics. Based on the special situations faced by emergency rescue workers in nuclear accidents, we propose psychological crisis interventions for rescue personnel during major nuclear accidents. These interventions include mental health assessment and training before accident, psychological assistance, self-adjustment, and crisis intervention during accident, and long-term psychological assistance after accident. The psychological impacts on emergency rescue workers can be reduced by effective psychological interventions.
  • Original Articles
    Public communication in the recovery process after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident
    LI Jingjing, LIU Xinyu, LIAO Haitao, WANG Chunhong, ZHANG Yanqi
    2022, 31(3): 320-322,327. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.012
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    The Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in Japan resulted in the release of large amounts of radioactive substances into the surrounding environment and caused contamination. In the accident recovery process, Japan had made great efforts in public communication, including the government’s promotion of organization and planning the popularization and publicity of scientific knowledge in various forms, multi-channel information disclosure, and all-round communication and exchange, which can provide a reference for the development of relevant work in China. The nuclear-related public communication work in China can get four enlightenments. Firstly, the public communication system should be improved, and corresponding policies and mechanisms should be clarified. Secondly the popularization of nuclear science knowledge should be taken as the foundation for early and long-term development. Thirdly, the operators of nuclear facilities shall disclose relevant information according to the law and confront the curiosity or doubts of the public. Finally, multi-channel, multi-level and multi-frequency exchanges and interactions should be conducted to seek unity of understanding and balance of interests between the two sides.
  • Original Articles
    The role of institutions of radiological health in the response system for nuclear or radiological emergencies
    MAO Xu, CHEN Huifang, LEI Cuiping, CHANG Chunhui, FU Ximing
    2022, 31(3): 323-327. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.013
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    Medical rescue bases for nuclear or radiological emergencies are mostly composed of institutions that have obtained the qualification of radiological health technical service (Class A) or the qualification of radiation-induced disease diagnosis. Institutions of radiological health have accumulated the technical capabilities of radiation monitoring, contamination detection, dose estimation, and health effects evaluation in their daily work, which can play an important role in the response to nuclear or radiological emergencies and realize the “combination of non-emergency and emergency use” in capacity building. It is suggested that institutions of radiological health at all levels should continue to take advantage of their strengths, improve their capabilities through participating in radiation monitoring projects, and actively participate in the assessment of assay capabilities of institutions of radiological health, so as to provide personnel and technical reserves for the health response to nuclear or radiological emergencies.
  • Original Articles
    Results of class A qualification assessment of occupational health technical service institutions
    TANG Xiaozhe, ZHANG Li, DING Kuke, LIN Lin, LIU Yao
    2022, 31(3): 328-335. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.014
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    Objective To analyze the current situation and problems of personnel, workplaces, instruments and equipment, reference materials, technical service capabilities, and quality management systems of occupational health technical service institutions with class A qualification in China, and to provide countermeasures and suggestions for improving the capacity of occupational health technical service in China. Methods We analyzed the technical assessment results of 84 class A institutions that applied for renewal or changing of class A qualification or expanding the scope of business from March to April 2021.Results The eastern region of China had a relatively large number of class A institutions. The institutions applying for category I business, category II business, and both accounted for 68%, 4%, and 27.85%, respectively. The approval rates of physical factors and ventilation projects were relatively low. The pass rates were below 90% in the on-site technical assessment of instruments and equipment, reference materials, technical service capabilities, and quality management systems, showing no significant differences between the eastern, central, and western regions. There were a total of 617 passes in professional technical ability assessment.Conclusion We recommend strengthening supervision during and after the processin occupational health technical service institutions, improving the ability to detect and evaluate occupational hazards, and strengthening the construction of professional technical personnel.
  • Original Articles
    Experience and enlightenment from undertaking the special competition for radiation monitoring
    ZHANG Yu, WANG Lei, MA Yongfu, GUO Chunyan, WANG Xiaofen, NI Shiying
    2022, 31(3): 336-339,343. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.015
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    Environmental monitoring technologies competition can effectively improve the comprehensive quality and technical skills of technical personnel by means of professional theory exams and on-site practical assessment. In view of the undertaking work of the Second National Competition of Professional and Technical Personnel in Ecology and Environment Monitoring (special competition for radiation monitoring), this paper summarized the experience and gains in the aspects of preliminary preparation, field implementation, achievement generation, etc., analyzed the problems in national radiation environmental monitoring through the achievements of the special competition for radiation monitoring, and put forward recommendations for the next step, in order to provide reference for undertaking similar major events in the future and provide ideas and directions for national radiation environmental monitoring.
  • Original Articles
    Emergency medical disposal for a case with the wound suspected of radioactive waste water contamination
    LUO Yingying, YAO Yebao, YIN Aimin, LIU Tingqi, CHEN Jigang, LIU Chengjun
    2022, 31(3): 340-343. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.016
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    A patient with scalp laceration suspected of radioactive waste water contamination had the wound ruled out of radioactive contamination, psychological fear eliminated, and well-healed wound, through rapid emergency medical response and scientific and effective disposal. The treatment process and psychological intervention for batch wounded after a nuclear accident are still applicable to patients with a small amount of sudden radioactive contamination. This article summarizes the relevant disposal process for reference.
  • Original Articles
    Efficacy and safety of simultaneous modulated accelerated radiation therapy for brain metastases
    WANG Jiping, HUANG Wei, ZOU Jiahua, YANG Zhiyong, LUO Yunman
    2022, 31(3): 344-349. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.017
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    Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of simultaneous enhanced accelerated radiation therapy for brain metastases (SMART-Brain) combined with functional area protection. Methods SMART-Brain was planned for 60 patients with multiple brain metastases. Using the whole brain intensity modulation technique, important functional areas such as hippocampus were protected against irradiation by delivering a dose of 30 Gy in 10 fractions. Meanwhile, a high dose of 40 Gy was delivered to brain metastases in 10 fractions. All patients were followed up to evaluate the efficacy, incidence of adverse reactions, median overall survival (OS), and intracranial progression-free survival (IPFS). Results The effective rate was 73.33% (44 cases), the disease control rate was 91.67% (55 cases), median OS was 15.2 months, and IPFS was 12 months. The 1 and 2-year OS was 66.7% and 26.4%, and the 1-year IPFS was 46.7%. The MMSE scores at 1, 3, and 6 months after SMART showed no significant differences compared with baseline scores (P > 0.05). Grade 2 and above inner ear damage such as otitis media, hearing loss, and dizziness was absent. Conclusion Smart-Brain can significantly reduce the treatment time and better protect the organs at risk, and serves as an economical, safe, and effective radiotherapy regimen in areas with limited technical conditions.
  • Original Articles
    Influence of imaging conditions on the spatial resolution of PET/CT images from different models
    WANG Rui, GENG Jianhua, DU Zhaomeng, ZHANG Chaokun, WANG Yibin, ZHENG Rong, WU Ning
    2022, 31(3): 350-357. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.018
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    Objective To investigate the influence of PET/CT imaging conditions (acquisition time, bed overlap, reconstruction matrix, iteration times, filter kernel size, and attenuation correction) on the spatial resolution of images. Methods Two PET/CT devices, GE Discovery Elite and GE Discovery ST-16, were used to scan the elliptical column resolution model in one and two beds (list mode, acquisition time of 6 min). Images were reconstructed under the commonly used clinical reconstruction conditions (Elite: VPFX-S algorithm, ST-16: VUE Point HD algorithm) at 1-6 min/bed, different iteration times of 2-10 times, different filter kernel sizes of 2.0-10.0 mm (Elite), and different reconstruction matrices, with attenuation correction or not. The spatial resolution of reconstructed PET images was represented by the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the line spread function. Results Under the clinical acquisition conditions, when the acquisition time was 1 min, 2 min, 3 min, 4 min, 5 min, and 6 min, the FWHMElite of spatial resolution at the center of field of view was (4.06 ± 0.08) mm, (4.05 ± 0.20) mm, (4.01 ± 0.01) mm, (4.05 ± 0.07) mm, (4.05 ± 0.03) mm, and (4.08 ± 0.06) mm, and the FWHMST-16 was (5.76 ± 0.12) mm, (5.72 ± 0.11) mm, (5.74 ± 0.09) mm, (5.78 ± 0.05) mm, (5.75 ± 0.09) mm, and (5.77 ± 0.07) mm. When the phantom was located in the center of one bed and the overlap of two beds, the line FWHMElite at the center was (4.04 ± 0.01) mm and (4.04 ± 0.01) mm, and the FWHMST-16 was (5.39 ± 0.19) mm and (5.38 ± 0.07) mm, respectively. The FWHMElite at the center was (4.07 ± 0.18) mm, (4.25 ± 0.10) mm, and (4.73 ± 0.08) mm at the matrices of 256 × 256, 192 × 192, and 128 × 128, respectively. The FWHMElite at the center was (4.65 ± 0.43) mm, (4.77 ± 0.27) mm, (4.02 ± 0.01) mm, (4.11 ± 0.04) mm, and (9.94 ± 0.01) mm at the filter kernel sizes of 2.0 mm-10.0 mm (interval of 2.0 mm), respectively. The FWHMElite at the center was (4.17 ± 0.27) mm, (4.27 ± 0.21) mm, (4.11 ± 0.05) mm, (4.18 ± 0.04) mm, and (4.12 ± 0.06) mm at 2-10 iterations (interval of 2 times), respectively. The FWHMElite at the center was (4.14 ± 0.01) mm and (4.18 ± 0.08) mm with and without attenuation correction, respectively. At the same acquisition time and bed, the spatial resolution of Elite images was improved by about 40.57% compared with that of ST-16 images. Conclusion The spatial resolution of images obtained at the matrix of 256 × 256 is higher than that of images obtained at the matrices of 192 × 192 and 128 × 128 in the same model. Elite images have the best spatial resolution at the reconstruction filter kernel size of 6.0 mm. Under the same imaging conditions, Elite images show significantly better spatial resolution compared with ST-16 images. Acquisition time, overlap of beds, iteration times, and attenuation correction have no significant effect on the spatial resolution of PET images.
  • Original Articles
    Comparison of X-ray mammography and ultrasound in the diagnosis of suspected breast lesions
    REN Yanhong, FANG Degen, LI Chunlei
    2022, 31(3): 358-361. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.019
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    Objective To evaluate and compare the diagnostic efficiency of X-ray mammography and breast ultrasound for suspected breast lesions. Methods A total of 80 female patients with suspected breast lesions diagnosed by X-ray mammography or breast ultrasound were selected as the study subjects. The histopathological testresults served as the gold standard, and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and accuracy of X-ray mammography and breast ultrasound for the diagnosis of breast lesions were estimated and compared.Results Among the 80 female patients with suspected breast lesions, 57 patients were histopathologically diagnosed with breast cancer and 23 patients with benign breast lesions. The sensitivity, specificity, NPV, PPV, and accuracy of X-ray mammography for the diagnosis of suspected breast lesions in women were 63.16%, 73.91%, 44.74%, 85.71%, and 66.25%, respectively, and those of breast ultrasound were 78.95%, 21.74%, 29.41%, 71.43%, and 62.50%, respectively. There were no significant differences between X-ray mammography and breast ultrasound for the diagnosis of suspected breast lesions in women in terms of sensitivity (χ2 = 3.45, P > 0.05), NPV (χ2 = 1.15, P > 0.05), PPV (χ2 = 2.92, P > 0.05), and accuracy (χ2 = 0.25, P > 0.05). However, specificity showed a significant difference between X-ray mammography and breast ultrasound (χ2 = 12.55, P < 0.01). Conclusion A comparable accuracy of X-ray mammography and breast ultrasound is found for the diagnosis of suspected breast lesions in women. However, X-ray mammography presents a significantly higher specificity than breast ultrasound for the diagnosis of suspected breast lesions in women.
    • Review Articles
  • Review Articles
    Current research on surface guided radiation therapy
    ZHANG Sai, LI Chunying, ZHANG Heng, NI Xinye
    2022, 31(3): 362-366,372. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.020
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    Surface guided radiation therapy (SGRT) is a method of radiation therapy with non-invasive and non-radiation image guidance technology, which uses continuous real-time imaging to monitor the whole course of treatment. This paper summarizes the characteristics, representative products, application in clinical research and treatment, and quality control of SGRT. This emerging technology plays an increasingly important role in delivering more precise, safe, and comfortable radiotherapy to patients.
  • Review Articles
    Research progress on irradiation of seafood
    WANG Chao, DONG Juancong, LIU Xiaoming, DANG Xuhong
    2022, 31(3): 367-372. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.021
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    This paper summarizes and discusses the research and achievements in the effect of irradiation on extending the shelf life and quality guarantee period of seafood, on the quality of seafood, and on seafood sterilization, and seafood irradiation biological dosimeter study, and defines the concepts related to seafood irradiation. Moreover, we propose that irradiation sterilization on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 of cold-chain seafood and seafood irradiation dose control are the main research content and directions.
  • Review Articles
    Research progress on the whole breast radiotherapy in prone position after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer
    GAO Yi, HOU Yu, PAN Xiang, WANG Li, LI Lan, XIA Yaoxiong
    2022, 31(3): 373-378,385. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.022
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    Whole breast radiotherapy after breast-conserving surgery for early-stage breast cancer increases local control rate and reduces postoperative recurrence. Compared to supine position, whole breast radiation therapy in the prone position provides dosimetric advantages and cosmetic outcomes in patients with large breasts. With the development of various radiotherapy techniques and tools, the radiation volume and dose for target and organs at risk (such as heart and lung) have changed. Models for the prediction of preferable treatment position in breast radiotherapy without the need for CT simulation and plan evaluation in both positions have been developed and implemented in radiotherapy practice. This paper briefly reviews the progression in the techniques and dosimetry of whole breast radiotherapy in prone position after breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer.
  • Review Articles
    Research advances in toxicity of uranium in vivo and its new chelators
    ZHOU Wenhua, YING Jinjin, GAO Jie, LIU Huan, WANG Ruoqi, LI Jianguo
    2022, 31(3): 379-385. https://doi.org/10.13491/j.issn.1004-714X.2022.03.023
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    Uranium is an important radioactive actinide in nature and an important nuclear material in nuclear industry. After uranium is accidentally released into the environment, it enters the body through the respiratory tract, the digestive tract, and other ways, then enters the circulation system through blood, and is finally mainly deposited in the kidney and bone, causing a certain degree of toxicity. Therefore, efficient low-toxicity chelators are an important way to reduce radionuclide pollution, radiation damage, and chemical toxicity. This article reviews uranium deposition and harm, the detoxification mechanism of uranium chelators, and the research advances in uranium chelators and points out the development trend of uranium chelators.